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Theorema (-tis, n.) (Graece Θεώρημα 'contemplatum') est pronuntiatum logice probatum. Propositum nondum probatum est coniectura. Ars mathematica est quasi collectio omnium theorematum ab omnibus mathematicis probatorum.

Mathematici Graeci primi fuerunt qui theoremata ab axiomatis demonstrabant. Logica est pars mathematicae quae, inter alia, de demonstrationum formis tractat.

• Aigner, Martin, et Günter M. Ziegler. 2001. Proofs from The Book. New York: Springer.
• Gowers, Timothy, June Barrow-Green, Imre Leader, edd. 2008. The Princeton Companion to Mathematics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691118802.
• Hadamard, Jacques. 1945 The Psychology of Invention in the Mathematical Field. Princeton: Princeton University Press, rpt. Dover. ISBN 9780486201078.
• Polya, G. 1957. How to Solve It: A New Aspect of Mathematical Method. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691119663.