LIMSwiki
Posted on July 23, 2020
By Robert Payne
Hafnium, 72 Hf
Ki-pún sèng-chit Miâ, hû-hō
hafnium, Hf Gōa-hêng
steel gray Hafnium tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì
Goân-chú-hoan
72 Goân-chú-liōng (±)
178.49(2)[1] Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t
kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k Cho̍k , hun-khu
4 cho̍k , d khu Chiu-kî
tē 6 chiu-kî Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t
[Xe ] 4f14 5d2 6s2 per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit Siòng
solid Iûⁿ-tiám
2506 K (2233 °C, 4051 °F) Hut-tiám
4876 K (4603 °C, 8317 °F) Bi̍t-tō͘ (sek-un )
13.31 g·cm−3
12 g·cm−3 Iûⁿ-hoà-jia̍t
27.2 kJ·mol−1 Cheng-hoat-jia̍t
648 kJ·mol−1 Jia̍t-iông-liōng
25.73 J·mol−1 ·K−1
cheng-khì-ap
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
tī T (K)
2689
2954
3277
3679
4194
4876
Goân-chú sèng-chit Sng-hòa-sò͘
4 , 3, 2, 1, −2 (an amphoteric oxide) Tiān-hū-tō͘
Pauling scale: 1.3 Tiān-lī-lêng
1st: 658.5 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1440 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 2250 kJ·mol−1 Goân-chú pòaⁿ-kèng
empirical: 159 pm Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng
175±10 pm Cha̍p-lio̍k Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō
hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Siaⁿ-sok (sòe kùn-á)
3010 m·s−1 (at 20 °C) Jia̍t-phòng-tiòng
5.9 µm·m−1 ·K−1 (at 25 °C) Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t
23.0 W·m−1 ·K−1 Tiān-chó͘-lu̍t
331 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) Chû-sèng
paramagnetic [2] Young hē-sò͘
78 GPa Shear hē-sò͘
30 GPa Bulk hē-sò͘
110 GPa Poisson pí
0.37 Mohs ngē-tō͘
5.5 Vickers ngē-tō͘
1520–2060 MPa Brinell ngē-tō͘
1450–2100 MPa CAS teng-kì pian-hō
7440-58-6 Le̍k-sú Hō-miâ
after Hafnia . Latin for: Copenhagen , where it was discovered Chhui-chhek
Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) Hoat-hiān kap siōng chá ê tông-ūi-sò͘
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy (1922) Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘
Chú bûn-chiong: hafnium ê tông-ūi-sò͘
iso
NA
half-life
DM
DE (MeV )
DP
172 Hf
syn
1.87 y
ε
0.350
172 Lu
174 Hf
0.162%
2×1015 y
α
2.495
170 Yb
176 Hf
5.206%
–
(α)
2.2550
172 Yb
177 Hf
18.606%
–
(α)
2.2449
173 Yb
178 Hf
27.297%
–
(α)
2.0832
174 Yb
178m2 Hf
syn
31 y
IT
2.446
178 Hf
179 Hf
13.629%
–
(α)
1.8065
175 Yb
180 Hf
35.1%
–
(α)
1.2828
176 Yb
182 Hf
trace
8.9×106 y
β−
0.373
182 Ta
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
Hafnium sī 1 ê hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘ . I ê goân-chú-hoan sī 72, hoà-ha̍k hû-hō sī Hf.
Chham-khó