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Sommaire
Tuqa-Temür (également Toqa-Temür et Togai-Temür) était le treizième et peut-être le plus jeune fils de Jochi, le fils aîné de Gengis Khan. Il était le frère cadet de Batu Khan et de Berke Khan, les dirigeants de ce qui fut connu sous le nom de Horde d'Or.
Carrière
En tant que fils apparemment le plus jeune de Jochi, Tuqa-Timur était peut-être jugé trop jeune pour assister au qurultai pour la proclamation et l'intronisation du grand khan Ögedei en 1229. Au lieu de cela, Tuqa-Timur est resté dans l'ulus de son père, le gouvernant apparemment pendant l'absence de ses frères aînés à l'assemblée. Au retour de Batu Khan, Tuqa-Timur organisa une fête de trois jours en son honneur[1].
Tuqa-Timur reçut par la suite son propre ulus de Batu, quelque part dans l'aile gauche (c'est-à-dire la partie orientale) des possessions de Batu, c'est-à-dire à l'est des montagnes de l'Oural et du fleuve Oural, et peut-être sous l'autorité intermédiaire d'un autre frère., Orda[1]. Tuqa-Timur a participé à la campagne occidentale de Batu, mais ne semble pas y avoir joué un rôle très distingué ; on lui attribue également un rôle de premier plan dans les campagnes contre les Bachkirs et les Alains[2]. Il faisait partie des princes Jochid participant au qurultai au cours duquel le grand khan Güyük fut officiellement proclamé et intronisé, en 1246, Batu ayant refusé d'y assister[3]. Après le quriltai de Batu qui aboutit à la proclamation de Möngke comme grand khan en 1250, Berke et Tuqa-Timur escortèrent Möngke en Mongolie avec une armée et furent généreusement récompensés par le nouveau grand khan pour leur soutien[4]. Tuqa-Timur semble avoir survécu à Batu et être mort quelque temps après l'avènement de Berke comme khan de la Horde d'Or en 1257 ; on suppose qu'il était déjà mort en 1267, lorsque son fils Urung-Timur reçut des terres du nouveau khan Mengu-Timur[1]. Le prince mongol (« tsarévitch ») Toktemir, qui attaqua Tver en Russie en 1294/1295, est un individu distinct, portant le même nom ou un nom similaire[5].
Suivant l'exemple de son frère aîné Berké, Tuqa-Timur se convertit à l'islam [6] quelque temps après la conversion de Berké en 1251-1252[7]. Contrairement à ses frères Batu, Orda et Shiban, Tuqa-Timur ne semble pas avoir dirigé un régime politique territorial autonome et durable, ce qui est évoqué comme une comparaison négative dans les conflits entre ses descendants et ceux de Shiban à la fin du 14e siècle ; les Shibanides ont fait valoir que cela rendait les Tuka-Timurides sensiblement inférieurs[8]. Certains des descendants de Tuqa-Timur semblent être restés dans l'aile gauche (partie orientale) de la Horde d'Or[9], tandis que d'autres se sont installés dans l'aile droite (partie ouest) lorsque Khan Mengu-Timur a donné la Crimée aux mains de Tuqa-Timur. fils Urung-Timur[10].
Famille
Généalogie ascendante
32. N | |||||||||||||||||||
16. N | |||||||||||||||||||
33. Ne | |||||||||||||||||||
8. Tūdūr bilge (v.1110 - 1165) Khan des Merkit | |||||||||||||||||||
34. N | |||||||||||||||||||
17. Ne | |||||||||||||||||||
35. Ne | |||||||||||||||||||
4. Chilger Boko (v.1150 - ?) |
|||||||||||||||||||
36. N | |||||||||||||||||||
18. N | |||||||||||||||||||
37. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
9. Ne | |||||||||||||||||||
38. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
19. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
39. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
2. Djötchi (v.1182 - 2/1227) Khan des mongoles (1147) | |||||||||||||||||||
40. N | |||||||||||||||||||
20. N | |||||||||||||||||||
41. Ne | |||||||||||||||||||
10. Dei Setsen (v.1140 - ap.1203) | |||||||||||||||||||
42. N | |||||||||||||||||||
21. Ne | |||||||||||||||||||
43. Ne | |||||||||||||||||||
5. Börte (1161 - 1230) | |||||||||||||||||||
44. N | |||||||||||||||||||
22. N | |||||||||||||||||||
45. Ne | |||||||||||||||||||
11. Chupan (v.1140 - ap.1181) | |||||||||||||||||||
46. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
23. Ne | |||||||||||||||||||
47. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
1. Tuqa Temür (v.1226 - v.1260) | |||||||||||||||||||
48. N | |||||||||||||||||||
24. N | |||||||||||||||||||
49. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
12. N | |||||||||||||||||||
50. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
25. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
51. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
6. N | |||||||||||||||||||
52. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
26. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
53. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
13. Ne | |||||||||||||||||||
54. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
27. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
55. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
3. Ne | |||||||||||||||||||
56. N | |||||||||||||||||||
28. N | |||||||||||||||||||
57. Ne | |||||||||||||||||||
14. N | |||||||||||||||||||
58. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
29. Ne | |||||||||||||||||||
59. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
7. Ne | |||||||||||||||||||
60. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
30. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
61. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
15. Ne | |||||||||||||||||||
62. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
31. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
63. ? | |||||||||||||||||||
Descendance
Outre son implication dans les affaires de la Horde d'Or et ses actions en tant que représentant de ses frères aînés, Tuqa-Timur est important en tant qu'ancêtre de certaines des lignées les plus prolifiques et historiquement significatives de descendance Jochid et Chinggisid. À partir des années 1360, les descendants de Tuqa-Timur rivalisèrent avec ceux de son frère Shiban pour la possession du trône de la Horde d'Or[11], à commencer par le probable Tuqa-Timurid Ordu Malik, qui renversa le Shibanid Timur Khwaja en 1361[12]. Une branche de Crimée des descendants de Tuqa-Timur a fourni au beglerbeg Mamai une succession de trois khans fantoches en 1361-1380[13]. Plusieurs familles descendantes de Tuqa-Timur s'installèrent dans l'ancien Ulus du fils aîné de Jochi, Orda, à l'est, sous Qara Noqai en 1360, puis Urus Khan en 1369, et enfin Tokhtamysh en 1379. Les descendants d'Urus et de Tokhtamysh se disputèrent par la suite la possession de la Horde d'Or, principalement entre eux. Parmi les États successeurs de la Horde d'Or, les khanats de Qasim, Kazan, Astrakhan et le khanat de Crimée furent tous fondés par des princes descendants de Tuqa-Timur[14]. Ce fut également le cas du khanat kazakh et, après 1599, du khanat de Boukhara en Asie centrale[15].
Ce qui suit est une lignée simplifiée de descendance vers ces dirigeants ; les générations commencent par Tuqa-Timur (comme 0)[16]. Par souci d'exactitude et de cohérence, les noms, que l'on retrouve dans un nombre ahurissant et incohérent de variantes, sont donnés ci-dessous dans l'orthographe perso-arabe des principales sources généalogiques, le Muʿizz al-ansāb et le Tawārīḫ-i guzīdah-. i nuṣrat-nāmah, dans la transcription savante standard utilisée dans les études en langue anglaise (par exemple, Bosworth 1996)[17].
- 1 Bāy-Timur
- 2 Tūqānchar
- 3 Sāsī
- 4 Qarā Nūqāy, Ulus de la Orde 1360–1363
- 4 Būchqāq
- 5 Tughluq-Tīmūr, Ulus de Orda 1363–?
- 4 Qutluq-Khwāja, Ulus de la Orde 1369
- 3 Būrqūlāq
- 4 Mubārak-Khwāja, l'ulus de la Orde?–1369
- 3 Sāsī
- 2 Tūqānchar
- 1 Bāyān
- 2 Dānishmand
- 3 Īl-Tūtār
- 4 Ūrdū-Malik, khan de la Horde d'or 1361
- 3 Beg-Tūt
- 4 Beg-Ṣūfī = ? Beg-Ṣūfī roi de Crimée 1419–1421 (identification discutée)
- 5 Sayyid-Aḥmad II ro en Crimée 1432–1437, Podolia 1433–1452 (d. 1465?) (identification discutée)
- 4 Beg-Ṣūfī = ? Beg-Ṣūfī roi de Crimée 1419–1421 (identification discutée)
- 3 Īl-Tūtār
- 2 Dānishmand
- 1 Ūrung-Tīmūr (Ūz-Tīmūr, Urungbāsh)
- 2 Achiq
- 3 Tāqtaq
- 4 Tīmūr-Khwāja
- 5 Bādiq
- 6 Urūs, de Ulus de la Orde 1369–1377, de la Horde d'or; 1373, 1374–1375
- 7 Qutlū-Būqā, Ulus de la Orde 1374–1375
- 7 Tūqtāqiyā, Ulus de la Orde 1377
- 8 Beg-Pūlād roi en Crimée 1391–1392
- 8 Anīka-Pūlād
- 9 Aḥmad Girāy of the Kazakhs 1470–?
- 10 Burundūq of the Kazakhs ?–1513
- 9 Aḥmad Girāy of the Kazakhs 1470–?
- 7 Tīmūr-Malik, de l'ulus de la Orde 1377–1379
- 7 Qūyūrchuq, Horde d'or 1395–1397
- 8 Barāq , de l'Ulus de la Orda 1419–1421; of Sibir 1421–1426; of the Golden Horde 1423–1428
- 9 Jānī-Beg Abū-Saʿīd of the Kazakhs 1470–after 1490 (la liste qui suit est sélective et incomplete)
- 10 Qāsim of the Kazakhs 1513–1521
- 11 Ḥaqq-Nazar of the Kazakhs 1559–1580
- 12 Dīn-Muḥammad (Tīnīm) of Tashkent (d. 1603)
- 11 Muḥammad (Mamāsh) of the Kazakhs 1521–1522
- 11 Ḥaqq-Nazar of the Kazakhs 1559–1580
- 10 Adīk
- 11 Ṭāhir of the Kazakhs 1522–1532
- 11 Būydāsh of the Kazakhs 1532–1559
- 11 Khwāja-Muḥammad (Qujāsh) Kazakh claimant 1535
- 10 Usāq
- 11 Pūlād Kazakh claimant 1537
- 10 Ūsāk
- 11 Būlākāy
- 12 Bahādur of the Kazakhs 1652–1680
- 12 Aychuwāq
- 13 Irīsh
- 14 Khwāja-Sulṭān
- 15 Abu'l-Khayr Muḥammad of the Kazakh Lesser Jüz 1718–1748
- 16 Nūr-ʿAlī of the Kazakh Lesser Jüz 1748–1786 (d. 1790)
- 17 Pīr-ʿAlī claimant 1770–1805
- 17 Īsh-Muḥammad (Īshīm) of the Kazakh Lesser Jüz 1794–1797
- 17 Būkāy of the Kazakh Inner Jüz 1801–1815
- 18 Jahāngīr Girāy of the Kazakh Inner Jüz 1823–1845
- 19 Ṣāḥib Girāy of the Kazakh Inner Jüz 1845–1847
- 18 Jahāngīr Girāy of the Kazakh Inner Jüz 1823–1845
- 17 Shighāy of the Kazakh Inner Jüz 1815–1823
- 16 Yār-Muḥammad of the Kazakh Lesser Jüz 1786–1790
- 16 Īr-ʿAlī of the Kazakh Lesser Jüz 1791–1794
- 16 Aychuwāq of the Kazakh Lesser Jüz 1797–1805 (d. 1810)
- 17 Jān-Tūra of the Kazakh Lesser Jüz 1805–1809
- 18 Shīr-Ghāzī of the Kazakh Lesser Jüz 1809–1824 (d. 1845)
- 17 Jān-Tūra of the Kazakh Lesser Jüz 1805–1809
- 16 Nūr-ʿAlī of the Kazakh Lesser Jüz 1748–1786 (d. 1790)
- 15 Abu'l-Khayr Muḥammad of the Kazakh Lesser Jüz 1718–1748
- 14 Khwāja-Sulṭān
- 13 Irīsh
- 11 Būlākāy
- 10 Jādik
- 11 Tūgum Kazakh claimant 1552–1556
- 11 Shighāy of the Kazakhs 1580–1582
- 12 Andān-Sulṭān
- 13 Abūlī of Tashkent (d. 1650)
- 13 Uraz-Muḥammad of Kasimov 1600–1611
- 13 Kīchīk-Sulṭān
- 14 Būkāy
- 15 Khudāmanda
- 16 Tursūn I of Tashkent (d.1717)
- 17 Kīchīk-Sulṭān of the Kazakh Middle Jüz 1748–1750
- 17 Sulṭān-Barāq of the Kazakh Middle Jüz 1748–1750
- 16 Tursūn I of Tashkent (d.1717)
- 15 Khudāmanda
- 14 Būkāy
- 12 Tawakkul (Tawka) of the Kazakhs 1582–1598
- 12 Amān-Būlān
- 13 Bahādur
- 14 Tursūn II of Tashkent (d. 1720)
- 15 Yulbārs of Tashkent and the Kazakh Greater Jüz 1720–1740
- 14 Tursūn II of Tashkent (d. 1720)
- 13 Bahādur
- 12 Īsh-Muḥammad (Īshīm) of the Kazakhs 1598–1613, 1627–1628
- 13 Khudābanda
- 14 Sīrdāq
- 15 Khusraw
- 16 Qayʾip of the Kazakhs 1715–1718
- 15 Khusraw
- 14 Sīrdāq
- 13 Jānī-Beg of the Kazakhs 1628–1644
- 13 Jahāngīr of the Kazakhs 1644–1652
- 14 Tawakkul-Muḥammad (Tawka) of the Kazakhs 1652–1715
- 15 Pūlād of the Kazakhs 1718-1729
- 16 Abu'l-Muḥammad of the Kazakh Middle Jüz by 1737–1748, 1750–1771
- 15 Shāh-Muḥammad (Sameke) of the Kazakh Middle Jüz 1719–after 1734 (1737?)
- 15 Pūlād of the Kazakhs 1718-1729
- 14 Walī
- 15 Abūlī
- 16 Jahāngīr of Tashkent (d. after 1717)
- 16 Walī
- 17 Abu'l-Manṣūr Abūlī (Ablai) of the Kazakh Middle Jüz 1771–1781
- 18 ʿAbdallāh of the Kazakh Middle Jüz 1781–1782
- 18 Walī of the Kazakh Middle Jüz 1782–1821
- 19 ʿUbaydallāh of the Kazakh Middle Jüz 1821–1824 (d. 1852)
- 18 Qāsim
- 19 Kanāshīrīn (Kenesary Kasymov) (died 1847)
- 17 Abu'l-Manṣūr Abūlī (Ablai) of the Kazakh Middle Jüz 1771–1781
- 15 Abūlī
- 14 Tawakkul-Muḥammad (Tawka) of the Kazakhs 1652–1715
- 13 Khudābanda
- 12 Andān-Sulṭān
- 10 Qāsim of the Kazakhs 1513–1521
- 9 Jānī-Beg Abū-Saʿīd of the Kazakhs 1470–after 1490 (la liste qui suit est sélective et incomplete)
- 8 Barāq , de l'Ulus de la Orda 1419–1421; of Sibir 1421–1426; of the Golden Horde 1423–1428
- 6 Urūs, de Ulus de la Orde 1369–1377, de la Horde d'or; 1373, 1374–1375
- 5 Bādiq
- 4 Tīmūr-Khwāja
- 3 Tāqtaq
- 2 Sārīcha
- 3 Kuyunchak
- 4 Qutluq-Khwāja
- 5 Tuy-Khwāja
- 6 Tūqtāmīš of the Ulus of Orda 1379–, of the Golden Horde 1380–1395, 1398, of Sibir 1399–1406
- 7 Jalāl ad-Dīn of the Golden Horde 1411–1412
- 8 ? Beg-Ṣūfī claimant in Crimea 1419–1421 (identification disputed)
- 9 Sayyid-Aḥmad II claimant in Crimea 1432–1437, Podolia 1433–1452 (d. 1465?) (identification disputed)
- 8 ? Beg-Ṣūfī claimant in Crimea 1419–1421 (identification disputed)
- 7 Karīm-Bīrdī of the Golden Horde 1409, 1412–1413, 1414–1415 (d. 1417?)
- 8 Sayyid-Aḥmad I of the Golden Horde 1416 (disputed identification)
- 7 Kibak of the Golden Horde 1413–1414
- 7 Jabbār-Bīrdī of the Golden Horde 1414–1415, 1416–1417
- 7 Qādir-Bīrdī of the Golden Horde 1419–1420
- 7 Kūchuk-Muḥammad claimant in Crimea 1421
- 7 Jalāl ad-Dīn of the Golden Horde 1411–1412
- 6 Tūqtāmīš of the Ulus of Orda 1379–, of the Golden Horde 1380–1395, 1398, of Sibir 1399–1406
- 5 Tuy-Khwāja
- 4 Tūlāk-Tīmūr
- 5 Janis
- 6 Tāsh-Tīmūr claimant in Crimea 1395–1396 (d. after 1404)
- 7 Ghiyāth ad-Dīn I of the Golden Horde 1416
- 8 Ḥājjī Girāy I of Crimea 1433–1434, 1443–1444, 1449–1466
- 9 Ḥaydar Girāy of Crimea 1456
- 9 Nūr-Dawlat Girāy of Crimea 1466–1467, 1474–1475, 1476–1478; of Kasimov 1486–1490 (d. 1503)
- 10 Satīlghan Girāy of Kasimov 1490–1506
- 10 Jānay Girāy of Kasimov 1506–1512
- 9 Manglī Girāy I of Crimea 1467–1474, 1475–1476, 1478–1514
- 10 Muḥammad Girāy I of Crimea 1514–1523
- 11 Ghāzī Girāy I of Crimea 1523–1524
- 11 Bahādur Girāy of Astrakhan 1523
- 10 Saʿādat Girāy I of Crimea 1524–1532 (d. 1539)
- 10 Islām Girāy I of Astrakhan 1531–1532; of Crimea 1532 (d. 1537)
- 10 Ṣāḥib Girāy I of Kazan 1521–1524; of Crimea 1532–1551
- 10 Maḥmūd Girāy
- 11 Ṣafāʾ Girāy of Kazan 1524–1531, 1533–1546, 1546–1549
- 12 Ūtamīš Girāy of Kazan 1549–1551
- 11 Ṣafāʾ Girāy of Kazan 1524–1531, 1533–1546, 1546–1549
- 10 Mubārak Girāy
- 11 Dawlat Girāy I of Crimea 1551–1577
- 12 Muḥammad Girāy II of Crimea 1577–1584
- 13 Saʿādat Girāy II of Crimea 1584 (d. 1587)
- 14 Muḥammad Girāy III of Crimea 1610, 1623–1624, 1624–1627 (d. 1629)
- 13 Saʿādat Girāy II of Crimea 1584 (d. 1587)
- 12 Islām Girāy II of Crimea 1584, 1584–1588
- 12 Ghāzī Girāy II of Crimea 1588–1596, 1596–1608
- 13 Tūqtāmīš Girāy of Crimea 1608
- 13 ʿInāyat Girāy of Crimea 1635–1637
- 12 Fatḥ Girāy I of Crimea 1596
- 13 Dawlat Girāy
- 14 ʿĀdil Girāy of Crimea 1666–1671
- 13 Dawlat Girāy
- 12 Salāmat Girāy I of Crimea 1608–1610
- 13 Bahādur Girāy I of Crimea 1637–1641
- 14 Salīm Girāy I of Crimea 1671–1678, 1684–1691, 1692–1699, 1702–1704
- 15 Dawlat Girāy II of Crimea 1688–1702, 1708–1713 (d. 1725)
- 16 Fatḥ Girāy II of Crimea 1736–1737 (d. 1746)
- 17 Salīm Girāy III of Crimea 1764–1767, 1770–1771 (d. 1786)
- 16 Arslān Girāy of Crimea 1748–1756, 1767
- 17 Dawlat Girāy IV of Crimea 1769–1770, 1775–1777 (d. 1781)
- 18 Salīm Girāy
- 19 Salīm Girāy
- 20 Azamat Girāy
- 21 Qādir Girāy (d. 1953)
- 22 Azamat Girāy (d. 2001)
- 23 Qādir Girāy (b. 1961)
- 22 Azamat Girāy (d. 2001)
- 21 Qādir Girāy (d. 1953)
- 20 Azamat Girāy
- 19 Salīm Girāy
- 18 Salīm Girāy
- 17 Shāhbāz Girāy of Bujaq 1787–1789 (d. 1793)
- 17 Dawlat Girāy IV of Crimea 1769–1770, 1775–1777 (d. 1781)
- 16 Qīrīm Girāy of Crimea 1758–1764, 1768–1769
- 17 Bakht Girāy of Bujaq 1789–1792 (d. 1801)
- 16 Aḥmad Girāy
- 17 Ṣāḥib Girāy II of Crimea 1772–1775 (d. 1807)
- 17 Shāhīn Girāy of Crimea 1777–1782, 1783 (d. 1787)
- 17 Bahādur Girāy II of Crimea 1782–1783; of Bujaq 1783–1787 (d. 1792)
- 16 Fatḥ Girāy II of Crimea 1736–1737 (d. 1746)
- 15 Ghāzī Girāy III of Crimea 1704–1707 (d. 1708)
- 15 Qaplān Girāy I of Crimea 1707–1708, 1713–1716, 1730–1736 (d. 1738)
- 16 Salīm Girāy II of Crimea 1743–1748
- 17 Qaplān Girāy II of Crimea 1770 (d. 1771)
- 16 Salīm Girāy II of Crimea 1743–1748
- 15 Saʿādat Girāy IV of Crimea 1717–1724 (d. 1732)
- 16 Ḥalīm Girāy of Crimea 1756–1758 (d. 1759)
- 15 Manglī Girāy II of Crimea 1724–1730, 1737–1739
- 15 Salāmat Girāy II of Crimea 1740–1743 (d. 1751)
- 16 Maqṣūd Girāy of Crimea 1767–1768, 1771–1772 (d. 1781)
- 15 Dawlat Girāy II of Crimea 1688–1702, 1708–1713 (d. 1725)
- 14 Salīm Girāy I of Crimea 1671–1678, 1684–1691, 1692–1699, 1702–1704
- 13 Muḥammad Girāy IV of Crimea 1641–1644, 1654–1666
- 13 Islām Girāy III of Crimea 1644–1654
- 13 Mubārak Girāy
- 14 Murād Girāy of Crimea 1678–1683
- 13 Qīrīm Girāy
- 14 Ḥājjī Girāy II of Crimea 1683–1684
- 14 Saʿādat Girāy III of Crimea 1691
- 13 Ṣafāʾ Girāy
- 14 Ṣafāʾ Girāy of Crimea 1691–1692
- 13 ʿĀdil Girāy
- 14 Dawlat Girāy III of Crimea 1716
- 13 Bahādur Girāy I of Crimea 1637–1641
- 12 Mubārak Girāy
- 13 Jānī-Beg Girāy of Crimea 1610–1623, 1624, 1627–1635
- 12 Muḥammad Girāy II of Crimea 1577–1584
- 11 Dawlat Girāy I of Crimea 1551–1577
- 10 Muḥammad Girāy I of Crimea 1514–1523
- 8 Ḥājjī Girāy I of Crimea 1433–1434, 1443–1444, 1449–1466
- 7 ? Beg-Ṣūfī claimant in Crimea 1419–1421 (identification disputed)
- 8 Sayyid-Aḥmad II claimant in Crimea 1432–1437, Podolia 1433–1452 (d. 1465?) (identification disputed)
- 7 Dawlat-Bīrdī of the Golden Horde 1428; claimant in Crimea 1421-1428
- 7 Ghiyāth ad-Dīn I of the Golden Horde 1416
- 6 ʿAlī
- 7 Khudādād of the Golden Horde 1422–1425
- 6 Ḥasan
- 7 Ulugh Muḥammad of the Golden Horde 1430–1437; of Kazan 1437–1446
- 8 Maḥmūd (Maḥmūdāq) of Kazan 1446–1462
- 9 Khalīl of Kazan 1462–1467
- 9 Ibrāhīm of Kazan 1467–1479
- 10 ʿAlī (Ilhām) of Kazan 1479–1484, 1485–1487 (d. 1490)
- 10 Muḥammad-Amīn of Kazan 1484–1485, 1487–1495, 1502–1518
- 10 ʿAbd al-Laṭīf of Kazan 1496–1502 (d. 1517)
- 10 Gawhar Shād, female regent of Kazan 1531–1533
- 8 Qāsim of Kasimov 1452–1469
- 9 Dāniyār of Kasimov 1469–1486
- 8 Yaʿqūb, possibly ruled in Kasimov 1469–1471
- 8 Maḥmūd (Maḥmūdāq) of Kazan 1446–1462
- 7 Ulugh Muḥammad of the Golden Horde 1430–1437; of Kazan 1437–1446
- 6 Tāsh-Tīmūr claimant in Crimea 1395–1396 (d. after 1404)
- 5 Janis
- 4 Qutluq-Khwāja
- 3 Kuyunchak
- 2 Achiq
- 1 Kay-Tīmūr
- 2 Abāy
- 3 Nūmqān
- 4 Qutluq-Tīmūr = ? Qutluq-Tīmūr named as rival of ʿAbdallāh Khan in 1361 by Ibn Khaldun
- 5 Tīmūr-Beg = ? Ūljāy-Tīmūr of the Golden Horde 1368 (d. 1369)
- 6 Tīmūr-Qutluq of the Golden Horde 1397–1398, 1398–1399
- 7 Pūlād of the Golden Horde 1406–1409, 1409–1410
- 7 Tīmūr of the Golden Horde 1410–1412
- 8 Kīchīk Muḥammad of the Golden Horde 1434–1459
- 9 Maḥmūd of the Golden Horde 1459–1465; of Astrakhan 1465–1471
- 10 Qāsim I of Astrakhan 1471–1481
- 10 ʿAbd al-Karīm of the Golden Horde 1481–1491; of Astrakhan 1481–1485, 1491–1493, 1494–1514
- 11 ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān of Astrakhan 1533–1537, 1539–1545
- 10 Jānī-Beg of Astrakhan 1514–1521
- 11 Ḥusayn of Astrakhan 1521–1523, 1523–1526
- 9 Aḥmad of the Golden Horde 1459–1481
- 10 Sayyid-Aḥmad III of the Golden Horde 1481–1491
- 11 Qāsim II of Astrakhan 1528–1531, 1532
- 12 Yādigār-Muḥammad of Kazan 1552 (d. 1565)
- 11 Qāsim II of Astrakhan 1528–1531, 1532
- 10 Murtaḍā of the Golden Horde 1481–1494; of Astrakhan 1485–1491, 1493–1494 (d. 1499)
- 11 Āq-Kibak of Astrakhan 1532–1533, 1545–1546, 1547–1550
- 12 ʿAbdallāh
- 13 Muṣṭafā-ʿAlī of Kasimov 1573–1583
- 12 ʿAbdallāh
- 11 Bīrdī-Beg
- 12 Yāmghurchī of Astrakhan 1546–1547, 1550–1554
- 11 Āq-Kibak of Astrakhan 1532–1533, 1545–1546, 1547–1550
- 10 Shaykh-Aḥmad of the Golden Horde 1491–1502; of Astrakhan 1527–1528
- 11 Shaykh-Ḥaydar (of Astrakhan in 1537–1541?)
- 12 Darwīsh-ʿAlī of Astrakhan 1537–1539, 1554–1556 (d. after 1558)
- 11 Shaykh-Ḥaydar (of Astrakhan in 1537–1541?)
- 10 Sayyid-Maḥmūd of the Golden Horde 1491–1502
- 10 Bahādur
- 11 Beg-Pūlād
- 12 Sāyin-Pūlād of Kasimov 1567–1573, Russian Tsar as Semën Bekbulatovič 1574–1576 (d. 1616)
- 11 Beg-Pūlād
- 10 Sayyid-Aḥmad III of the Golden Horde 1481–1491
- 9 Bakhtiyār-Sulṭān
- 10 Shaykh-Awliyār of Kasimov 1512–1516
- 11 Shāh-ʿAlī of Kasimov 1516–1519, 1537–1567; of Kazan 1519–1521, 1546, 1551–1552
- 11 Jān-ʿAlī of Kasimov 1519–1532; of Kazan 1531–1533 (d. 1535)
- 10 Shaykh-Awliyār of Kasimov 1512–1516
- 9 Yaʿqūb of Khwarazm 1461–1462
- 9 Jawāq (Chuwāq) of Khwarazm 1462
- 10 Māngishlāq
- 11 Yār-Muḥammad 1st Ashtarkhanid khan of Bukhara 1599–1600 (d. 1612)
- 12 Jānī-Muḥammad (or Jānī-Beg) of Bukhara 1600–1603
- 13 Bāqī-Muḥammad of Bukhara 1603–1606
- 13 Walī-Muḥammad of Bukhara 1606–1611, 1611
- 14 Rustam-Muḥammad rival at Balkh 1613 (d. after 1641)
- 15 Muḥammad-Raḥīm
- 16 ʿAbd-Allāh of Balkh 1711–1712
- 17 Sanjar of Balkh 1712–1717
- 16 ʿAbd-Allāh of Balkh 1711–1712
- 15 Walī-Muḥammad
- 16 Muḥammad of Balkh 1717–1720
- 15 Muḥammad-Raḥīm
- 14 Rustam-Muḥammad rival at Balkh 1613 (d. after 1641)
- 13 Dīn-Muḥammad
- 14 Imām-Qulī of Bukhara 1611, 1611–1641 (d. 1642)
- 14 Nadhr-Muḥammad of Bukhara 1641–1645 (d. 1651)
- 15 ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz of Bukhara 1645–1681 (d. 1684)
- 15 Subḥān-Qulī of Bukhara 1681–1702
- 16 ʿUbaydallāh I of Bukhara 1702–1711
- 16 Abu'l-Fayḍ of Bukhara 1711–1747
- 17 ʿAbd al-Muʾmin of Bukhara 1747–1750
- 17 (Daughter of Abu'l-Fayḍ) married Muḥammad-Ḥājjī-Sulṭān
- 18 Abu'l-Ghāzī of Bukhara 1758–1789; Khiva 1767–1768 (d. 1796)
- 16 Iskandar of Balkh 1681–1683
- 17 Muḥammad-Muqīm of Balkh 1697–1707
- 16 Abu'l-Manṣūr of Balkh 1683
- 16 Ṣaddīq-Muḥammad of Balkh 1683–1686
- 12 Tursūn-Muḥammad
- 13 Muḥammad-Ibrāhīm possibly the ruler of Balkh in 1601
- 12 Jānī-Muḥammad (or Jānī-Beg) of Bukhara 1600–1603
- 11 Yār-Muḥammad 1st Ashtarkhanid khan of Bukhara 1599–1600 (d. 1612)
- 10 Māngishlāq
- 9 Maḥmūd of the Golden Horde 1459–1465; of Astrakhan 1465–1471
- 8 Kīchīk Muḥammad of the Golden Horde 1434–1459
- 6 Tīmūr-Qutluq of the Golden Horde 1397–1398, 1398–1399
- 5 Qutlū-Beg
- 6 Shādī-Beg of the Golden Horde 1399–1407
- 7 Ghiyāth ad-Dīn II of the Golden Horde 1421, 1423–1426
- 8 Muṣṭafā claimant at Astrakhan 1431–1433; in the Ulus of Orda 1440–1446; of Khwarazm 1447–1464
- 7 Ghiyāth ad-Dīn II of the Golden Horde 1421, 1423–1426
- 6 Shādī-Beg of the Golden Horde 1399–1407
- 5 Tīmūr-Beg = ? Ūljāy-Tīmūr of the Golden Horde 1368 (d. 1369)
- 4 Qutluq-Tīmūr = ? Qutluq-Tīmūr named as rival of ʿAbdallāh Khan in 1361 by Ibn Khaldun
- 3 Mīnkāsar
- 4 ʿAbdallāh of the Golden Horde 1361–1370
- 5 Muḥammad-Sulṭān of the Golden Horde 1370–1379
- 4 Tughluq-Khwāja
- 5 Tawakkul = Tūlāk of the Golden Horde 1379–1380
- 4 Āqmīl
- 5 Chekre khan of Sibir and Bolghar 1413, of the Golden Horde 1415–1416
- 4 Mamkī
- 5 Sayyid-Aḥmad I of the Golden Horde 1416 (disputed identification)
- 5 Altī-Qurtuqā
- 6 Darwīsh de la Horde d'Or; 1417–1419
- 4 ʿAbdallāh of the Golden Horde 1361–1370
- 3 Nūmqān
- 2 Abāy
Notes et références
- Howorth 1880: 199.
- Welsford 2013: 288.
- Howorth 1880: 37; Seleznëv 2009: 190.
- Howorth 1880: 79-80; Jackson 2017: 345.
- Howorth 1880: 143, identifies the prince of 1294-1295 with the khan of the time, Toqta; Seleznëv 2009: 186 and 189, suggests the prince of 1294-1295 was a great-grandson of Jochi's son Orda; elsewhere (190-191), he lists other Tuqa-Timurs, grandsons of Jochi's sons Berkechar and (twice) Shiban.
- Desmaisons 1871-1874: 181.
- Welsford 2013: 288-289, who notes that this detail in later narratives might have been intended to elevate Tuqa-Timur and his descendants in comparison to their Shibanid rivals; Jackson 2017: 345.
- Judin 1992: 92; Welsford 2013: 286-287.
- Welsford 2013: 289, noting their importance and autonomy there was later exaggerated by retrospective sources.
- Desmaisons 1871–1874: 182.
- May 2018: 302-309.
- Gaev 2002: 19; Sagdeeva 2005: 35, 71; Počekaev 2010: 124-125 agrees that Ordu Malik might have been a descendant of Togai-Timur.
- Gaev 2002: 23-25; Sagdeeva 2005: 5, 40-41.
- For the Crimean Khanate, see especially Bennigsen 1978.
- For the Kazakh Khanate, see especially Sabitov 2008. For the takeover in Bukhara by the "Ashtarkhanid" descendants of Tuqa-Timur, see Welsford 2013; on this branch of the family, more generally, Burton 1997.
- Howorth 1880; Bosworth 1996: 252-262, 288-291, Burton 1997, Gaev 2002, Sagdeeva 2005, Sabitov 2008, Vásáry 2009, Welsford 2013, May 2018 (Stokvis 1888 is outdated); primary sources in Desmaisons 1871–1874, Judin 1992, Tizengauzen 2005 and 2006, Vohidov 2006.
- Simon Berger, « "Une armée en guise de peuple" : la structure militaire de l'organisation politique et sociale des nomades eurasiatiques à travers l'exemple mongol médiéval », Thèse de doctorat en Histoire, Paris, EHESS, (lire en ligne, consulté le )