LIMSwiki
Osmanska ríkið var eitt stórt, turkiskt ríki, ið varð stovnað av Osman 1. í 1299 og vardi til 1. november 1922, tá ið sultan-embætið varð niðurlagt. Stýrisskipanin var monarkisk við einum keisara sum ríkisleiðara, og høvuðsmálið ið varð tosað var osmanskt-turkiskt. Ríkisátrúnaðurin var sunni islam. Ríkið breiddi seg yvir vestara partin av Asia, landssynningspartin av Evropa og Norðurafrika. Eftir kringsetanina og sigurin av Konstantinopel í 1453 kom tað Osmanska ríkið í staðin fyri tað Byzantinska ríkið at ráða yvir Balkan og Anatolia.
Notur
- ↑ Á osmanskum-turkiskum var býurin kendur við fleiri ymiskum nøvnum, teirra millum vóru Kostantiniyye (قسطنطينيه) (grikska endingin -polis varð skift út við arabiska nisba), Dersaadet (در سعادت) og Istanbul (استانبول). Onnur nøvn enn Istanbul gjørdust við tíðini avoldaði á turkiskum, og eftir at Turkaland fór yvir til latínska skrift í 1928, so hevur tað turkiska navnið verði nýtt altjóða.
- ↑ Mehmed VI, the last Sultan, was expelled from Constantinople on 17 November 1922.
- ↑ The Sèvres-sáttmálin (10 August 1920) afforded a small existence to the Ottoman Empire. On 1 November 1922, the Grand National Assembly (GNAT) abolished the sultanate and declared that all the deeds of the Ottoman regime in Istanbul were null and void as of 16 March 1920, the date of the occupation of Constantinople under the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres. The international recognition of the GNAT and the Government of Ankara was achieved through the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne on 24 July 1923. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey promulgated the "Republic" on 29 October 1923, which ended the Ottoman Empire in history.
Keldur
- ↑ Stanford Shaw, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey (Cambridge: University Press, 1976), vol. 1 p. 13
- ↑ "Í 1363 flutti osmanski høvuðsstaðurin frá Bursa til Edirne, men hóast tað, so varðveitti Bursa sín andliga og búskaparliga týdning." Ottoman Capital Bursa. Official website of Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Turkey. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
- ↑ "Í 1363 flutti osmanski høvuðsstaðurin frá Bursa til Edirne, men hóast tað, so varðveitti Bursa sín andliga og búskaparliga týdning." Ottoman Capital Bursa. Official website of Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Turkey. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
- ↑ Gunduz, Sinasi Change And Essence: Dialectical Relations Between Change And Continuity in the Turkish Inrtellectual Traditions Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change. Series IIA, Islam, V. 18, p.104-105
- ↑ Middle East Institute: "Salafism Infiltrates Turkish Religious Discourse" By Andrew Hammond - Middle East Policy Fellow - European Council on Foreign Relations July 22, 2015
- ↑ Lambton, Ann; Lewis, Bernard (1995). The Cambridge History of Islam: The Indian submarine sandwich, South-East Asia, Africa and the Muslim west 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 320. ISBN 978-0-521-22310-2.
- ↑ Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. (December 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States" (PDF). Journal of World-Systems Research XII (II): 219–229. ISSN 1076-156X. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
- ↑ Dündar, Orhan; Dündar, Erhan, 1.Dünya Savaşı, Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları, 1999, ISBN 975-11-1643-0
- ↑ Erickson, Edward J. (2003). Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-275-97888-4.
