The US FDA’s proposed rule on laboratory-developed tests: Impacts on clinical laboratory testing

Silicon, ₁₄Si
	Spectral lines of Silicon
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	silicon, Si
Appearance	crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈsɪl[invalid input: 'ɨ']kən/ SIL-ə-kən or /ˈsɪl[invalid input: 'ɨ']kɒn/ SIL-ə-kon
Silicon in the periodic table
	aluminium ← silicon → phosphorus
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	14
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 14 (carbon group), p-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 3
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	metalloid
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)	28.085(1)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Ne] 3s2 3p2
per shell	2, 8, 4
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	1687 K (1414 °C, 2577 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	3538 K (3265 °C, 5909 °F)
Density near r.t.	2.3290 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	2.57 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	50.21 kJ/mol
Heat of	359 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	19.789 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	4, 3, 2, 1 -1, -2, -3, -4 amphoteric oxide
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.90
energies	; (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 111 pm
Covalent radius	111 pm
Van der Waals radius	210 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	face-centered diamond-cubic
Speed of sound thin rod	8433 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	2.6 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	149 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	103 Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	130-188 GPa
Shear modulus	51-80 GPa
Bulk modulus	97.6 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.064 - 0.28
Mohs hardness	7
CAS Number	7440-21-3
ଇତିହାସ
Prediction	Antoine Lavoisier (1787)
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1823)
First isolation	Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1823)
Named by	Thomas Thomson (1817)
Most stable isotopes of silicon
	\| references

ଇଂରାଜୀ ଲିଙ୍କ

https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon

ସିଲିକନ (English: Silicon) ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Si ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୧୪ ।

ଧର୍ମ

ଭୌତିକ

ରାସାୟନିକ

ସମସ୍ଥାନିକ

28Si [14 neutrons]

Abundance: 92.23% Stable with 14 neutrons

29Si [15 neutrons]

Abundance: 4.67% Stable with 15 neutrons

30Si [16 neutrons]

Abundance: 3.1% Stable with 16 neutrons

32Si [18 neutrons]

Abundance: synthetic Half life: 132 years [ beta- ] Decay Energy: 0.221 MeV Decays to 32P.

ଉତ୍ପାଦନ

ପୃଥିବୀରେ ମିଳୁଥିବା ମୌଳିକମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଏହା ୨ୟ ସର୍ବାଧିକ|ଏହାର ପରିମାଣ ପ୍ରାୟ ୨୫.୭% ।(ଅମ୍ଲଜାନ ସର୍ବାଧିକ) | କ୍ଲେ, ଗ୍ରାନାଇଟ, ଫେଲ୍‌ଡସ୍ପର୍‌, ମାଇକା, ଆଜ୍‌ବେଷ୍ଟସ୍‌, କ୍ୱାର୍ଜ ଓ ବାଲିରେ ଏହା ମିଶ୍ରିତ ଭାବରେ ରହିଥାଏ| ମୂଖ୍ୟ ଉତ୍ପାଦନକାରି ଦେଶଗୁଡ଼ିକ ହେଲେ ଅଷ୍ଟିଆ, ଇଟାଲି, ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଆଫ୍ରିକା,ଅଷ୍ଟ୍ରେଲିଆ, କାନାଡା, ଭାରତ, ଓ ବ୍ରାଜିଲ୍‌। ବାର୍ଷିକ ପ୍ରାୟ ୫୦୦୦ ଟନ୍‌ ସିଲିକନ ଉପ୍ତାଦିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ | ପ୍ରାଚୁର୍ଯ୍ୟତା:

ବିଶ୍ୱ: 700 ppm (by weight
ସୁର୍ଯ୍ୟ: 900 ppm (by weight
ଭୁତ୍ୱକ୍‌: 2.771 x 105 ppm
ସମୁଦ୍ର ଜଳ:

ଆଟ୍‌ଲାଣ୍ଟିକ ମହାସାଗର :୦.୮୫ ppm ପାସିଫିକ ମହାସାଗର: ୪.୧୨ ppm

ମାନବ ଶରୀର :

  260000 ppb by weight
  58000 ppb by atoms

ଇତିହାସ

ଯୌଗିକ

ବ୍ୟବହାର

କାଚ, ସେମିକଣ୍ଡକ୍ଟର, ମାଇକ୍ରୋଚିପ୍‌, ସୋଲାର ସେଲ, ସିମେଣ୍ଟ, ଏଲସିଡି, ଗ୍ରିଜ୍‌ ପ୍ରଭୃତି ନିର୍ମାଣରେ ସିଲିକନ ବହୁଳ ଭାବରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଥାଏ |

ଇଲେକ୍ଟ୍ରୋନିକ

ଯୌଗିକ

ମଲିବଡ଼ିନମ' ସିଲିସାଇଡ୍

ପଲିଡାଇମିଥାଇଲସିଲକ୍ସେନ

ପ୍ଲାଟିନମ ସିଲିସାଇଡ୍

ସିଲିକନ ଜର୍ମାନିଅମ୍

ସିଲେନ

ସିଲିକନ କାର୍ବାଇଡ୍

ସିଲିକନ୍ ଡାଇଅକ୍ସାଇଡ୍

ସିଲିକନ ନାଇଟ୍ରାଇଡ୍

ଟୀକା

↑ Ram, R. S.; et al. (1998). "Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the A2D–X2P Transition of SiH and SiD" (PDF). J. Mol. Spectr. 190: 341–352. PMID 9668026.
↑ Physical Properties of Silicon. New Semiconductor Materials. Characteristics and Properties. Ioffe Institute
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ ^୪.୦ ^୪.୧ ^୪.୨ ^୪.୩ [୧] Hopcroft, |display-authors=etal, "What is the Young's Modulus of Silicon?" IEEE Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 2010
↑ Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements: XII. Other elements isolated with the aid of potassium and sodium: beryllium, boron, silicon, and aluminum". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (8): 1386–1412.
↑ Voronkov, M. G. (2007). "Silicon era". Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 80 (12): 2190. doi:10.1134/S1070427207120397.

ଆଧାର

Greenwood, Norman N (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2 ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

Silicon at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
Mineral.Galleries.com – Silicon Archived 2008-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.
WebElements.com – Silicon

[1] Ram, R. S.; et al. (1998). "Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the A2D–X2P Transition of SiH and SiD" (PDF). J. Mol. Spectr. 190: 341–352. PMID 9668026.

[ioffe-2] Physical Properties of Silicon. New Semiconductor Materials. Characteristics and Properties. Ioffe Institute

[3] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[hopcroft-4] ୪.୦ ^୪.୧ ^୪.୨ ^୪.୩ [୧] Hopcroft, |display-authors=etal, "What is the Young's Modulus of Silicon?" IEEE Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 2010

[5] Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements: XII. Other elements isolated with the aid of potassium and sodium: beryllium, boron, silicon, and aluminum". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (8): 1386–1412.

[6] Voronkov, M. G. (2007). "Silicon era". Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 80 (12): 2190. doi:10.1134/S1070427207120397.

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