The US FDA’s proposed rule on laboratory-developed tests: Impacts on clinical laboratory testing

Templeeti:Infobox grapheme 

F, ma ọ bụ f, bụ mkpụrụedemede nke isii na mkpụrụedemede Latin, nke a na-eji na mkpụrụedemedo Bekee nke oge a, mkpụrụedemede asụsụ ndị ọzọ dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Europe na ndị ọzọ n'ụwa niile. Aha ya n'asụsụ Bekee bụ ef[note 1] (a na-akpọ /ˈɛf/), na otutu bụ efs.^[1]

Mmalite nke 'F' bụ mkpụrụedemede Semitic waw nke na-anọchite anya ụda dị ka //v// ma ọ bụ /w/. N'ihe osise, ọ ga-abụ na ọ na-egosi ma ọ bụ nko ma ọ bụ klọb. O nwere ike ịbụ na ọ dabeere na ihe odide ndị Ijipt yiri ya dị ka nke na-anọchite anya okwu <i id="mwXQ">mace</i> (nke a sụgharịrị dị ka ḥ (dj)):

A nabatara ụdị mkpụrụedemede Phoenician n'asụsụ Grik dị ka ụdaume, upsilon (nke yiri nwa ya 'Y' mana ọ bụkwa nna nna nke mkpụrụedemede Rom 'U', 'V', na 'W'); na, n'ụdị ọzọ, dị ka ụdaolu, digamma, nke gosipụtara ịkpọpụta /w/, dị ka na Phoenician. Latin 'F', n'agbanyeghị na a na-akpọ ya n'ụzọ dị iche, sitere na digamma ma yie ya n'ụdị.

Mgbe e /w/epụrụ mgbanwe ụda /w/ site na Grik a na-asụ, a na-eji digamma eme ihe naanị dị ka nọmba. Otú ọ dị, mkpụrụedemede Grik mekwara ka mkpụrụedemede ndị ọzọ pụta, ụfọdụ n'ime mkpụrụedemede a e chekwara sitere na digamma. Na mkpụrụedemede Etruscan, '/f/' n/w/ere ike ịnọchite anya /w/, dịka na Grik, ndị Etruscans guzobere digraph 'FH' iji nọchite anya /f/. (N'oge a gbazitere mkpụrụedemede ndị a, ọ dịghị mkpụrụedemede Grik nke na-anọchite anya /f/: mkpụrụedemede Greek phi 'Φ' na-anọchi anya /ph/ na-enweghị olu, ọ bụ ezie na na Grik nke oge a ọ bịara na-anọchitere //f//.) Mgbe ndị Rom nabatara mkpụrụ ak/w/ụkwọ, ha jiri 'V' (site na Grik upsilon) ọ bụghị naanị maka ụdaume /u/, kamakwa maka ụdaume kwekọrọ /w/, na-ahapụ '/f/' maka /f/. Ya mere, site na ụdị dị iche iche nke vav n'ụwa Mediterenian, mkpụrụedemede F batara na mkpụrụedemede Rom jikọtara ya na ụda nke ndị Gris na-enweghị. Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Roman bụ ntọala nke mkpụrụ akwụkwọ eji eme ihe taa maka Bekee na ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ.

Obere mkpụrụ akwụkwọ 'f' enweghị njikọ na ogologo s, 's' (ma ọ bụ s dị n'etiti). Ojiji nke ogologo s nwụrụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu site na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 19, karịsịa iji gbochie mgbagwoju anya na 'f' mgbe ị na-eji obere etiti.

N'usoro ederede Bekee, a na-eji ya eme ihe iji nọchite anya ụda /f/, mkparịta ụka na-enweghị olu. A na-ejikarị ya okpukpu abụọ na njedebe nke okwu. N'ụzọ pụrụ iche, ọ na-anọchite anya ụda olu /v/ na okwu a na-ahụkarị "nke". F bụ mkpụrụedemede nke iri na otu a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'asụsụ Bekee (mgbe G, Y, P, B, V, K, J, X, Q, na Z), na-enwe ihe dị ka 2.23% n'okwu.

N'usoro ederede nke asụsụ ndị ọzọ, a na-anọchite anya /f/, ma ọ bụ //v//.

• N'asụsụ French, a na-eji ya eme ihe na-anọchite anya /f/. Ọ pụkwara ịdị jụụ na njedebe nke okwu.
• N'asụsụ Spanish, a na-eji ya eme ihe na-anọchite anya /f/.
• N'asụsụ Esperanto, a na-eji ya eme ihe iji nọchite anya /f/.
• Na Hepburn romanization nke Japanese, a na-eji ya eme ihe iji nọchite anya [[[]. A na-ewere ụda a dị ka allophone nke //h//, nke a na-akpọpụta n'ụzọ dị iche iche dabere na ihe gbara ya gb/u/rugburu; a na- ịkpọpụta /h/ nke ndị Japan dị ka [z] tupu /u/.
• N'asụsụ Welsh, a na-anọchite anya //v// ebe a na-ahụ maka /f/.
• N'asụsụ Slavic, a na-eji okwu ndị si mba ọzọ (Grik, Latin, ma ọ bụ German) eme ihe.
• N'asụsụ Icelandic, a na-akpọkarị ya n'etiti okwu dị ka v (dịka. Að sofa - ihi ụra).

International Phonetic Alphabet na-eji azụ̀ na-anọchite anya fricative labiodental na-enweghị olu.

A na-ejikarị mkpụrụedemede f eme ihe iji gosipụta ọrụ ọ bụla. Hụkwa f na nko (ƒ).

A na-eji mkpụrụedemede f siri ike mee ihe na akara egwu dị ka ihe na-egosi "olu dara ụda ma ọ bụ ike". Ọ na-anọchite anya okwu Italian siri ike.^[2][3]

Na mba ndị dị ka United States, a kọwapụtara mkpụrụedemede "F" dị ka ọdịda n'usoro nyocha agụmakwụkwọ. Mba ndị ọzọ na-eji usoro a gụnyere Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, na Netherlands.

N'ime usoro ọnụọgụ hexadecimal, a na-eji mkpụrụedemede "F" ma ọ bụ "f" nọchite anya ọnụọgụ hexadecimal iri na ise (nke dabara na 1510).

¹ Ọzọkwa maka koodu dabere na ASCII, gụnyere DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 na ezinụlọ Macintosh nke koodu.

Templeeti:Letter other reps

N'ime usoro ọnụọgụ hexadecimal (base 16), F bụ ọnụọgụ nke dabara na nọmba 15 na ngụkọ (base 10).Templeeti:NoteFoot

• Media related to F at Wikimedia Commons
• The dictionary definition of F at Wiktionary
• The dictionary definition of f at Wiktionary