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Conservatism in Brazil |
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The Evangelical Parliamentary Front or the Evangelical Caucus (known in Portuguese as Frente Parlamentar Evangélica and Bancada Evangélica respectively) is a loosely organized group of Evangelical lawmakers in the Brazilian government and legislature.
If considered a political party, the Evangelical Caucus would be the third largest in the Brazilian government, surpassed only by the Brazilian Democratic Movement and the Workers' Party.[1] It is a proeminent feature of Conservatism in Brazil.
History
The Evangelical Parliamentary Front was founded in 2003 to bring together Evangelical parliamentarians, from all political parties, at the National Congress Palace in Brasilia, Brazil.[2]
The regularization of the FPE on the board of directors of the Chamber of Deputies only occurred on November 9, 2015, motivated by the exponential growth of the bench, a process that began with the significant election of 60 federal deputies who declared themselves evangelicals in the 2002 election.[2]
Leadership
The evangelical caucus has no formalized leadership; however João Campos de Araújo, Anthony Garotinho, Eduardo Cunha, Lincoln Portela, and Magno Malta were considered the unofficial leaders of the caucus in 2013.[3]
Membership
The Evangelical Caucus of Brazil has no defined standard of membership but is generally open to all Protestant lawmakers in the Brazilian legislature, including mainline denominations as well as members of evangelical and Pentecostal movements.
The caucus was formed especially because Brazil's fast growing Protestant population was underrepresented in government, and as is the norm Catholic and non-religious politicians are not allowed to be members.[4] Converative Catholic politicians are usually not considered to be part of the evangelical caucus, certain politicians such as Hugo Leal[5] and Jair Bolsonaro[6] often collaborate with the caucus.
Although the Evangelical Caucus is often perceived by the media, its members, and supporters to be conservative/right wing, it is worth noting that a few members are affiliated with left-wing politics in Brazil, such as Benedita da Silva,[7] Marina Silva,[8] and Walter Pinheiro.[9]
Influence on politics
The evangelical front is often seen as part of the rising Evangelical influence in politics in Latin America. The evangelical vote was seen as key in the Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff and the election of Jair Bolsonaro in the 2018 election.[6]
Prominent members
Senate of Brazil
The following past and present members of the Brazilian Senate that are/were affiliated with the Evangelical caucus
Chamber of Deputies
The following past and present members of the Chamber of Deputies that are/were affiliated with the Evangelical caucus
See also
References
- ^ Chico Marés (21 April 2013). "Bancada evangélica seria 3.º partido da Câmara" (in Portuguese). Gazeta do Povo. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ a b Machado e Rocha, Antonia Rozimar; de Sousa e Silva, Francisco Samuel; Alves Barreto, Amanda (2021-12-03). A Frente Parlamentar Evangélica no Congresso Nacional: Representatividade Política dos Evangélicos. Revista Inter-Legere. p. 4.
- ^ a b c d e "Principais líderes da bancada evangélica". Último Segundo (in Portuguese). iG Brasil. 14 April 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ Gabriel Castro and Marcela Mattos (23 March 2013). "Vinde a mim os eleitores: a força da bancada evangélica no Congresso" (in Portuguese). Veja. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ Lima, Luciana (5 September 2013). "Bancada evangélica tenta garantir controle da reforma do Código Penal na Câmara". iG Brasília (in Portuguese). Último Segundo. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
- ^ a b "Bolsonaro, a Catholic, Expanded His Base Among Evangelicals". Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2018-10-30. Retrieved 2018-11-01.
- ^ a b c Silva, Benedita da; Benjamin, Medea (1 January 1997). Benedita Da Silva: An Afro-Brazilian Woman's Story of Politics and Love. Food First Books. ISBN 9780935028706.
- ^ Blair, Leonardo (August 28, 2014). "Devout Evangelical Christian Marina Silva Started Life Illiterate in the Amazon; Now She's Primed to Become Brazil's First Black President". The Christian Post. The Christian Post, INC. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
- ^ Lima, Luciana (23 April 2013). "Evangélicos têm atuação heterogênea no Congresso" (in Portuguese). Último Segundo. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
- ^ Sims, Shannon (October 30, 2016). "Rio de Janeiro Elects Conservative, Sometimes Homophobic, Bishop To Mayor As Brazil Swings Right". Forbes. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
- ^ a b Lima, Luciana (23 April 2013). "Evangélicos têm atuação heterogênea no Congresso". Último Segundo. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
- ^ "Suplente de Crivella é como ele: bispo da Universal e ex-ministro de Dilma" (in Portuguese). Alexandre Aragão. 3 November 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
- ^ "Bispo Guaracy Silveira é empossado como senador pelo Tocantins". JM Notícia (in Portuguese). 1 November 2018. Archived from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "De Araguacema -TO, Pastor Zequinha Marinho é eleito Senador no Pará" [From Araguacema -TO, Pastor Zequinha Marinho is elected Senator in Pará] (in Portuguese). JM Notícia. 8 October 2018. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
- ^ a b Matos, Fábio (15 July 2012). "Voz da Universal no Congresso, PRB quer dobrar número de prefeitos e mira 2014". IG São Paulo (in Portuguese). Último Segundo. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
- ^ a b "Luis Carlos Heinze é o Racista do Ano, segundo ONG" (in Portuguese). Exame. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ Rodrigues, Ludmila (26 April 2018). ""Seguimos os princípios da família e da Bíblia", diz mulher de Flávio Rocha, dono da Riachuelo" ["We follow the principles of the family and the Bible," says wife of Flávio Rocha, owner of Riachuelo] (in Portuguese). Retrieved 26 April 2019.
- ^ a b c d Marchesi, Reinaldo. "Opinião: Templo é dinheiro! Pequenas igrejas, grandes negócios" (in Portuguese). olhardireto. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
- ^ "Da Assembleia de Deus, Silas Câmara confirma apoio a Omar Aziz" (in Portuguese). Amazonas 1. 14 July 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
- ^ "LINCOLN PORTELA – Biografia". Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ "JOSUÉ BENGTSON – Biografia". Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 24 February 2019.
- ^ Marcos (25 May 2018). "Oportunismo político nos 50 anos da Maranata no Senado" (in Portuguese). Agência Congresso. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
- ^ "Até algumas lideranças evangélicas se corromperam, diz pastor Eurico sobre votos a favor de Temer". guiame.com.br (in Portuguese). 30 October 2017. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
- ^ "Evangélicos são protagonistas na luta contra corrupção em Brasília" (in Portuguese). Gospel Prime. 9 August 2016. Archived from the original on 28 February 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
- ^ Salvador, Susana (9 April 2010). "The Defender of Heterosexuals". DN Gente.
- ^ "NASCIMENTO, Gilberto". FGV-C{DOC (in Portuguese). Retrieved 1 March 2019.
- ^ Costa, Ricardo (30 May 2018). "Assembleia de Deus rompe com pastor João Campos e anuncia apoio a Glaustin da Fokus" [Assembly of God breaks with pastor João Campos and announces support to Glaustin da Fokus] (in Portuguese). JM Notícia. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
- ^ "BIOGRAFIA PASTOR HIDEKAZU TAKAYAMA". Assembléia de Deus de Curitiba-PR (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2019-03-06. Retrieved 2019-09-19.
- ^ "ANTONIO BULHÕES – Biografia". Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 21 February 2019.
- ^ Thiago de Araújo (26 January 2017). "Pastor da Universal, deputado Vinícius Carvalho apresenta projeto para vetar qualquer união poliafetiva no País" (in Portuguese). Huffington Post - Brazil. Archived from the original on 14 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- ^ "Igreja Universal 'concentra' seus deputados no PRB" (in Portuguese). Estadão. 14 November 2009. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
- ^ "Pastor Presidente - Paulo Roberto Freire da Costa" (in Portuguese). Igreja Evangélica Assembléia de Deus - Min. Belém. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
- ^ Marinho, Márcio (31 July 2017). "Comunicação e democracia" (in Portuguese). Jornal Gran de Bahia. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
- ^ "Pastor e Deputado acusado e afastado da Assembléia de Deus" (in Portuguese). 15 April 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ^ "Até algumas lideranças evangélicas se corromperam, diz pastor Eurico sobre votos a favor de Temer". guiame.com.br (in Portuguese). 30 October 2017. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
- ^ "Novo líder do governo na Câmara é investigado na Lava Jato no STF" [New leader of the government in the House is investigated in the Lava Jato in the STF]. Veja. 23 February 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
- ^ "Fotos mostram JHC pedindo votos em culto" (in Portuguese). Gazeta de Alagoas. 2 November 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2019.[permanent dead link ]
- ^ "Precisamos avaliar os candidatos à reeleição da Bancada Evangélica" (in Portuguese). Carta Capital. 3 October 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
- ^ "Pastor Ronaldo Fonseca vira Ministro de Temer e assume cargo de Secretário da Presidência" (in Portuguese). Gospel Mais. 25 May 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
- ^ "Edmar Arruda Deputado Federal" (in Portuguese). Carta Capital. 24 June 2010. Archived from the original on 24 June 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
- ^ "Deputado Francisco Floriano participou da criação de igrejas de bispo Macedo e Valdomiro Santiago" (in Portuguese). O Globo. 4 November 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
- ^ Anthony Garotinho: Evangelical 'sniper', BBC News, September 18, 2002
- ^ "Deputado da Igreja Mundial propõe novo feriado: Dia de Adorar a Deus" (in Portuguese). Gospel Prime. 14 October 2017. Archived from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
- ^ Marés, Chico (16 September 2012). "De olho no voto evangélico, candidatos brigam por pastores" (in Portuguese). Gazeta do Povo. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
- ^ Chagas, Tiago (6 October 2014). "Eleições 2014: confira o desempenho dos principais candidatos evangélicos" (in Portuguese). Gospel Prime. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
- ^ "Com 20% do eleitorado, evangélicos são disputados no Rio". terra.com (in Portuguese). 7 June 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
- ^ Andreia Verdélio (12 May 2016). "Novo ministro do Trabalho é o deputado Ronaldo Nogueira" (in Portuguese). EBC - Agência Brasil. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
- ^ "Bancada Evangélica: confira o posicionamento dos parlamentares sobre o Impeachment" (in Portuguese). 7 April 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ "Quem é Aureo?" (in Portuguese). Deputado Aureo. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
- ^ "Ap. Ezequiel Teixeira". Projeto Vida Nova em Nilópolis (in Portuguese). Retrieved 19 March 2019.
- ^ "Voto de Tia Eron no Conselho será dirigido por pastor: 'O que ele mandar, ela vai fazer', dizem aliados". Da Redação (in Portuguese). Correio. 9 June 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
- ^ Galdo, Rafael (11 October 2014). "Em caminhada ao lado de deputadas ligadas à Universal, Crivella chama Pezão de 'fraude eleitoral'" (in Portuguese). O Globo. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
- ^ "Pr. Sóstenes Cavalcante passa a ser suplente na CDH e não poderá concorrer à presidência da Comissão". guiame.com.br (in Portuguese). 6 March 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
- ^ Chagas, Thiago (23 May 2016). "Bancada evangélica realiza sessão em homenagem a Israel; Assista" (in Portuguese). Gospel Mais. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
- ^ "Em caminhada ao lado de deputadas ligadas à Universal, Crivella chama Pezão de 'fraude eleitoral'" (in Portuguese). Quadrangular.org. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
- ^ "Jony Marcos se reúne com o presidente eleito Bolsonaro em Brasília" [Jony Marcos meets with President-elect Bolsonaro in Brasilia] (in Portuguese). Journal da Cidade. 5 December 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
- ^ Assumpção, Helen; Gomes, Douglas (21 November 2014). "Alan Rick: um acreano e republicano em defesa da família em Brasília" [Alan Rick: an Acre and Republican in defense of the family in Brasilia]. PRB (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
- ^ "Irmão de igreja de Lúcio Mosquini é dono de empresa fenômeno que arrecado mais de R$ 100 Milhõnes" (in Portuguese). Correio Central. 11 December 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
- ^ Silva, Karoline (13 April 2018). "Deputado Toninho Wandscheer recebe pastor Presidente da Igreja Assembléia de Deus de Fazenda Rio Grande" (in Portuguese). Destaque Regional. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
- ^ "Deputado federal Antônio Jácome lança livro sobre sua atuação parlamentar". Podemos (in Portuguese). 31 August 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ^ "PRB recebe deputado federal Lindomar Garçon" (in Portuguese). Tudo Rondônia. 10 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
- ^ "FÁBIO SOUSA – Biografia". Assembileia Legislativa do Goiás (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 March 2019.
- ^ Fernandes, José Carlos (19 December 2009). "O ano em que Cristiane Yared foi às ruas" (in Portuguese). Gazeta do Povo. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- ^ "COAF – Saiba quem foram os deputados evangélicos que votaram contra Moro; confira" (in Portuguese). JM Notícia. 23 May 2019. Archived from the original on 30 June 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
- ^ "Com boa votação, Russomano reforça bancada evangélica". Estadão (in Portuguese). Politica. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
- ^ Ferreira, Luciane. "Liziane Bayer faz homenagem ao Ministério Mulheres Que Vencem, da Igreja Internacional Graça de Deus" (in Portuguese). PSB 40. Retrieved 17 May 2019.[permanent dead link ]
- ^ Menezes, Gina (5 October 2018). "Manuel Marcos: o candidato cristão em busca de ampliar sua atuação e disputa por uma vaga na Câmara Federal" (in Portuguese). Folha do Acre. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
- ^ "Membros da Executiva Nacional" (in Portuguese). PRB 10 - Partido Republicano Brasileiro. Archived from the original on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
- ^ Bubniak, Taiana (14 October 2014). "Felipe Francischini: Tive que mostrar que tenho um histórico próprio de lutas" (in Portuguese). Gazeta do Povo. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
- ^ "Otoni de Paula – Biografia". Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 19 December 2019.