Simultaneous quantification of 17 cannabinoids in cannabis inflorescence by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

**بروني دارالسلام**
**Negara Brunei Darussalam**
Bendera	Nembo
	Kaulimbiu ya taifa: "Daima katika utumishi kwa msaada wa Mungu" (translation)
	Wimbo wa taifa: Allah Peliharakan Sultan; "Mungu ambariki Sultani"
Mji mkuu	Bandar Seri Begawan; 4°55′ N 114°55′ E
Mji mkubwa nchini	Bandar Seri Begawan
Lugha rasmi	Kimalay na Kiingereza
Serikali Sultani	Ufalme; Hassanal Bolkiah
Uhuru kutoka Uingereza; Mwisho wa hali ya nchi lindwa	; 1 Januari 1984
Eneo; - Jumla; - Maji (%)	; 5,765 km² (ya 170); 8.6
Idadi ya watu; - 2018 kadirio; - 2001 sensa; - Msongamano wa watu	; 442,400 (ya 168); 332,844; 72.11/km² (ya 134)
Fedha	Brunei ringgit (BND)
Saa za eneo; - Kiangazi (DST)	(UTC+8); (UTC)
Intaneti TLD	.bn
Kodi ya simu	+6731 -
	1 Also 080 from Malaysia.

Brunei (jina rasmi niː برني دار السلام , Negara Brunei Darussalaam, yaaniː Taifa la Brunei, Nyumba ya Amani) ni usultani mdogo na nchi huru kaskazini mwa kisiwa cha Borneo huko Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki.

Imepakana na majimbo ya Sarawak na Sabah ya Malaysia tu, ingawa sehemu kubwa ya kisiwa hicho inatawaliwa na Indonesia.

Mji mkuu ni Bandar Seri Begawan.

Mtawala wa nchi ni sultani Hassan al-Bolkiah. Anasemekana kuwa kati ya watu tajiri zaidi duniani kutokana na mapato ya mafuta ya petroli.

Historia

Dola la Brunei lilistawi kuanzia mwaka 1368 hadi karne ya 17 likienea katika sehemu kubwa ya Borneo na hata visiwa vingine. Lilipokea Uislamu katika karne ya 15.

Baada ya kunyang'anywa maeneo mengi na Wazungu (Wahispania, Waholanzi na Waingereza), mwaka 1888 sultani aliomba ulinzi wa Uingereza ambao uliendelea hadi uhuru wa mwaka 1984.

Watu

Wakazi wengi (66%) ni wa jamii ya Wamalay, 10% ni Wachina, 3.4% ni Waborneo asili, 2.3% ni Wahindi, 16.8% wana asili tofauti.

Lugha rasmi ni Kimalay, lakini Kiingereza pia kinatambuliwa na katiba ya nchi.

Dini rasmi ni Uislamu wa madhehebu ya Sunni ambayo inafuatwa na thuluthi mbili za wakazi, lakini wakazi wengine wanafuata dini za Ubuddha (13%), Ukristo (10%) na dini za jadi (2%). Asilimia 7 hawana dini maalumu.

Tazama pia

Marejeo

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the CIA World Factbook.
Atiyah, Jeremy (2002). Rough guide to Southeast Asia. Rough Guide. ISBN 978-1-85828-893-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Frankham, Steve (2008). Footprint Borneo. Footprint Guides. ISBN 978-1-906098-14-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Gudgeon, L. W. W. (1913). "British North Borneo". Adam and Charles Black: London. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Nicholl, Robert (2002). European sources for the history of the Sultanate of Brunei in the Sixteenth Century. Special Publications, no.9. Muzium Brunei. ISBN 9780802849458. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
History for Brunei (2009). History for Brunei Darussalam: Sharing our Past. Curriculum Development Department, Ministry of Education. ISBN 99917-2-372-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
McAmis, Robert Day (2002). Malay Muslims: the history and challenge of resurgent Islam in Southeast Asia. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-4945-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Melo Alip, Eufronio (1964). Political and cultural history of the Philippines, Volumes 1–2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Oxford Business Group (2009). The Report: Brunei Darussalam 2009. Oxford Business Group. ISBN 978-1-907065-09-5. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Saunders, Graham E. (2002). A history of Brunei. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7007-1698-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
United States War Dept (1903). "Annual reports, Volume 3". Government Printing Office. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Oxford Business Group (2013). The Report: Brunei Darussalam 2013. Oxford Business Group. ISBN 978-1-907065-78-1. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Viungo vya nje

WikiMedia Commons

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Brunei

Serikali

Prime Minister's Office of Brunei Darussalam Archived 20 Agosti 2010 at the Wayback Machine. website

Taarifa za jumla

Brunei entry at The World Factbook
Brunei Archived 15 Novemba 2013 at the Wayback Machine. from UCB Libraries GovPubs
Brunei katika Open Directory Project
Brunei profile from the BBC News
Brunei at Encyclopædia Britannica
Wikimedia Atlas of Brunei
Key Development Forecasts for Brunei from International Futures

Biashara

Brunei Business Directory Archived 19 Aprili 2012 at the Wayback Machine.

Utalii

Brunei Tourism Archived 9 Mei 2007 at the Wayback Machine. website
Brunei Attractions Archived 18 Februari 2014 at the Wayback Machine. website
Brunei information on globalEDGE

Nchi na maeneo ya Asia

1. Nchi ina maeneo katika Asia na Ulaya. 2. Nchi iko Asia lakini inahesabiwa pia kati ya nchi za Ulaya kwa sababu za historia au utamaduni. 3. Eneo la pekee la China.

Makala hii kuhusu maeneo ya Asia bado ni mbegu.
Je unajua kitu kuhusu Brunei kama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni?
Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa?
Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa .