Sigma metrics as a valuable tool for effective analytical performance and quality control planning in the clinical laboratory: A retrospective study
 Adalci | |
|---|---|
essentially contested concept (en)  da type of value (en) | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
condition (en) |
| Facet of (en) |
morality (en) da social order (en) |
| Hannun riga da |
injustice (en) |
Adalci: a cikin mafi girman ma'anarsa, shine Ƙa'idar cewa mutane suna karɓar abin da suka cancanta, tare da fassarar abin da ya zama "wanda ya cancanta" yana tasiri a kansa ta fannoni da yawa, tare da ra'ayoyi da ra'ayoyi daban-daban, ciki har da ra'ayoyin daidaitattun ɗabi'a bisa ga. ɗa'a, hankali, shari'a, addini, adalci da gaskiya. A wasu lokuta jihar za ta yi kokarin kara tabbatar da adalci, ta hanyar gudanar da kotuna da aiwatar da hukuncinsu.
Masana falsafa na tsohuwar Girka Plato ne suka tsara ka'idodin farko na adalci a cikin littafinsa The Republic, da Aristotle a cikin da'a na Nicomachean. Masu ra'ayin ka'idar umarnin Allah sun ce adalci yana fitowa daga wurin Allah. A cikin shekarar 1600s, masana falsafa irin su John Locke sun ce adalci ya samo asali ne daga dokar halitta. Ka'idar kwangilar zamantakewa ta ce adalci yana samuwa ne daga yarjejeniyar juna ta kowa da kowa. A cikin shekarar 1800s, masana falsafa masu amfani irin su John Stuart Mill sun ce adalci ya dogara ne akan mafi kyawun sakamako ga mafi girman adadin mutane. Ka’idojin shari’a na rarrabawa suna nazarin abin da za a raba, a tsakanin wa za a raba su, da kuma mene ne yadda ya dace. Masu daidaito sun ce adalci zai iya wanzuwa ne kawai a cikin tsarin daidaito. John Rawls ya yi amfani da ka'idar kwangilar zamantakewa don faɗi cewa adalci, musamman adalcin rarrabawa, wani nau'i ne na adalci. Robert Nozick da wasu sun ce haƙƙoƙin mallaka, wanda kuma a cikin tsarin shari'a na rarrabawa da kuma ka'idodin dabi'a, yana haɓaka dukiyoyin tsarin tattalin arziki. Ka'idojin shari'a na ramuwa sun ce ya kamata a hukunta aikata ba daidai ba don tabbatar da adalci. Adalcin maidowa mai alaƙa (wani lokaci kuma ana kiranta "adal ɗin gyara") hanya ce ta adalci wacce ke mai da hankali kan buƙatun waɗanda abin ya shafa da masu laifi. Ainihin ma'anar adalci don amfani da shari'a sau da yawa ana tunanin cewa a cikin Dokar Romawa a cikin Cibiyoyin Justinian, 1,1,1 "justitia est constans et perpetua voluntas, ius sum cuique tribuendi", a cikin Turanci, da dindindin kuma na dindindin so, don bawa kowa hakkinsa.
Harmony
Adalci dangantaka ce da ta dace, mai jituwa tsakanin sassan mutum ko birni. Don haka, ma’anar da Plato ya yi game da adalci ita ce, adalci shi ne samu da yin abin da yake nasa. Adalci mutum ne a wurin da ya dace, yana yin iya kokarinsa kuma yana bayar da daidai da abin da ya karba. Wannan ya shafi duka a matakin mutum ɗaya da kuma a matakin duniya. Ruhin mutum yana da sassa uku dalili, ruhi da sha'awa. Haka nan gari yana da sassa uku Socrates ya yi amfani da misalin karusar don ya misalta batunsa: karusa yana aiki gaba ɗaya domin mashin ɗin ne ke jagorantar dawakai biyu. Masoyan hikima masana falsafa, a daya ma'anar kalmar. Ya kamata su yi mulki saboda kawai sun fahimci abin da ke mai kyau. Idan mutum ba shi da lafiya yakan je wurin likita ne maimakon manomi, domin likitan ya kware a fannin lafiya. Haka nan kuma ya kamata mutum ya amince da garinsa ga kwararre kan abin da ya shafi alheri, ba wai dan siyasa kawai da yake kokarin samun mulki ta hanyar bai wa mutane abin da suke so ba, maimakon abin da zai amfane su. Socrates ya yi amfani da misalin jirgin don kwatanta wannan batu: birnin azzalumai kamar jirgin ruwa ne a buɗaɗɗen teku, wani babban kyaftin mai ƙarfi amma bugu (jama’a), ƙungiyar mashawarta marasa aminci waɗanda suke ƙoƙarin yin amfani da kyaftin don ba su. mai iko a kan hanyar jirgin ('yan siyasa), da kuma mai tafiya (masanin falsafa) wanda shi ne kadai ya san yadda za a kai jirgin zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa. Ga Socrates, hanya daya tilo da jirgin zai isa inda yake mai kyau shine idan navigator ya ɗauki caji. [2]
Manazarta
