Practical Applications of a SDMS (Scientific Data Management System)
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{{Short description|Catholic cardinal (1813–1895)}} |
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{{no footnotes|date=May 2014}} |
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{{inline|date=August 2022}} |
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{{Infobox Christian leader |
{{Infobox Christian leader |
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| type = Cardinal |
| type = Cardinal |
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| name = Paul Ludolf Melchers |
| name = Paul Ludolf Melchers |
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| honorific-suffix = S.J. |
| honorific-suffix = S.J. |
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| title = [[Archbishop of Cologne| |
| title = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]], [[Archbishop of Cologne|Archbishop emeritus of Cologne]] |
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| image = Kardinal Melchers Köln JS.jpg |
| image = Kardinal Melchers Köln JS.jpg |
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| image_size = 230px |
| image_size = 230px |
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| birth_name = |
| birth_name = |
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1813|01|06}} |
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1813|01|06}} |
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| birth_place = [[Münster]] Germany |
| birth_place = [[Münster]], Germany |
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1895|12|14|1813|01|06}} |
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1895|12|14|1813|01|06}} |
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| death_place = Rome Italy |
| death_place = Rome, Italy |
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| buried = [[Cologne Cathedral]] |
| buried = [[Cologne Cathedral]] |
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| nationality = German |
| nationality = German |
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| occupation = |
| occupation = |
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| profession = |
| profession = |
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| previous_post = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Osnabrück|Bishop of Osnabrück]] ( |
| previous_post = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Osnabrück|Bishop of Osnabrück]] (1857-1866) |
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| alma_mater = |
| alma_mater = |
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| motto = |
| motto = |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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{{Unsourced|section|date=August 2022}} |
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Melchers was born in [[Münster]]. He studied law at [[Bonn]] (1830–33), and a few years practice at [[Münster]], took up theology at [[Munich]] under [[Heinrich Klee]], [[Joseph Görres]], [[Karl Joseph Hieronymus Windischmann]] and [[Ignaz von Döllinger]]. Ordained in 1841, he was assigned to duty in the village of [[Haltern]]. In 1844 he became vice-rector of the diocesan seminary, rector (1851), canon of the cathedral (1852), vicar-general (1854). |
Melchers was born in [[Münster]]. He studied law at [[Bonn]] (1830–33), and a few years practice at [[Münster]], took up theology at [[Munich]] under [[Heinrich Klee]], [[Joseph Görres]], [[Karl Joseph Hieronymus Windischmann]] and [[Ignaz von Döllinger]]. Ordained in 1841, he was assigned to duty in the village of [[Haltern]]. In 1844 he became vice-rector of the diocesan seminary, rector (1851), canon of the cathedral (1852), vicar-general (1854). |
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==Works== |
==Works== |
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His principal publications are: ''Erinnerungen |
His principal publications are: ''Erinnerungen an die Feier des 50jährigen Bischofsjubiläums des h. Vaters Pius IX.'' (Recollections on the Golden Jubilee of Pope Pius IX; Cologne, 1876); ''Eine Unterweisung über das Gebet'' (Cologne, 1876); ''Einer Unterweisung über des heilige Messopfer'' (Cologne, 1879); ''Das Sendschreiben des heiligen Vaters Papst Leo XIII. über den Socialismus'' (Cologne, 1880); ''Die katholische Lehre von der Kirche'' (Cologne, 1881); ''Das eine Nothwendige'' (Cologne, 1882); ''De canonica dioecesium visitatione'' (Rome, 1892). |
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==References== |
==References== |
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<!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --> |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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*Ludwigs, ''Kardinal |
*Heinrich Maria Ludwigs, ''Kardinal Erzbischof Dr. Paulus Melchers und die St. Pauluskirche in Köln'' (Cologne, 1909) |
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*[[Theodor Granderath]]-Konrad Kirch, ''Geschichte des Vatikanischen Konzils'', I, II, III (Freiburg, 1903–1906) |
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*Granderath, '' |
*[[Theodor Granderath]]/Konrad Kirch, ''Geschichte des Vatikanischen Konzils'', I, II, III (Freiburg, 1903–1906) |
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*Theodor Granderath, ''Acta et Decreta S. S. conciliorum recentiorum'', tom. VII (Freiburg, 1890) |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*{{Catholic Encyclopedia|inline=1|wstitle=Paul Melchers}} |
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*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10156a.htm Source] |
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*{{Catholic}} |
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{{s-start}} |
{{s-start}} |
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{{s-end}} |
{{s-end}} |
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{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Germany}} |
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{{Authority control |
{{Authority control}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| NAME = Melchers, Paul |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 6 January 1813 |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Münster]] Germany |
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| DATE OF DEATH = 14 December 1895 |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = Rome Italy |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Melchers, Paul}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Melchers, Paul}} |
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[[Category:1813 births]] |
[[Category:1813 births]] |
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[[Category:1895 deaths]] |
[[Category:1895 deaths]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Clergy from Münster]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Osnabrück]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Archbishops of Cologne]] |
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[[Category:German cardinals]] |
[[Category:19th-century German cardinals]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Leo XIII]] |
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[[Category:19th-century |
[[Category:19th-century German Jesuits]] |
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⚫ | |||
[[Category:People from the Province of Westphalia]] |
[[Category:People from the Province of Westphalia]] |
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[[Category:Burials at Cologne Cathedral]] |
[[Category:Burials at Cologne Cathedral]] |
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⚫ | |||
[[Category:20th-century German Roman Catholic priests]] |
Latest revision as of 08:50, 8 August 2023
His Eminence Paul Ludolf Melchers S.J. | |
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Cardinal, Archbishop emeritus of Cologne | |
![]() | |
Church | Roman Catholic |
Archdiocese | Cologne |
Installed | 8 January 1866 |
Term ended | 3 July 1885 |
Predecessor | Johannes von Geissel |
Successor | Philipp Krementz |
Other post(s) | Cardinal-Priest of Santo Stefano al Monte Celio |
Orders | |
Ordination | 5 June 1841 |
Consecration | 20 April 1858 |
Created cardinal | 27 July 1885 by Leo XIII |
Rank | Cardinal-Priest |
Personal details | |
Born | Münster, Germany | January 6, 1813
Died | December 14, 1895 Rome, Italy | (aged 82)
Buried | Cologne Cathedral |
Nationality | German |
Previous post(s) | Bishop of Osnabrück (1857-1866) |
Paul Melchers (6 January 1813 – 14 December 1895) was a Cardinal and Archbishop of Cologne. At the height of the Kulturkampf he took refuge in the Netherlands.
Life
Melchers was born in Münster. He studied law at Bonn (1830–33), and a few years practice at Münster, took up theology at Munich under Heinrich Klee, Joseph Görres, Karl Joseph Hieronymus Windischmann and Ignaz von Döllinger. Ordained in 1841, he was assigned to duty in the village of Haltern. In 1844 he became vice-rector of the diocesan seminary, rector (1851), canon of the cathedral (1852), vicar-general (1854).
Pope Pius IX appointed him Bishop of Osnabrück (1857) and Archbishop of Cologne (1866). He inaugurated (1867) at Fulda, meetings of the German bishops. He regarded the formal definition of papal infallibility as untimely, a conviction which he, with thirteen other bishops, expressed in a letter to the pope, 4 September 1869.
In the First Vatican Council Melchers took a prominent part. At the session of 13 July 1870, he voted negatively on the question of papal infallibility; but he refused to sign an address in which fifty-five other members of the minority notified the pope of their immediate departure and reiterated their non placet. He left Rome before the fourth session, giving as his reason the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian war, and declaring his readiness to abide by the decisions of the Council.
On his return to Cologne he proclaimed in an address (24 July) the dogma defined on 18 July. As a means of ensuring obedience to the Council, the bishops assembled by him in Fulda, published (1 September) a joint letter, for which Pius IX (20 October) expressed gratitude. To eliminate the opposition at Bonn, the archbishop (20 Sept. and 8 Oct.) called on professors Franz Xaver Dieringer, Franz Heinrich Reusch, Joseph Langen, and Franz Peter Knoodt to sign a declaration accepting the Vatican decree and pledging conformity thereto in their teaching. Dieringer alone complied; the others were suspended and eventually (12 March 1872) excommunicated.
The Kulturkampf was firmly resisted by Archbishop Melchers. In June, 1873, he excommunicated two priests who had joined the Old Catholics; for this and other administrative acts he was fined and imprisoned for six months (12 March–October, 1874). On 2 December 1875, the President of the Rhine Province demanded his resignation on pain of deposition; he refused, but learning that preparations were being made to deport him to Küstrin he escaped (13 December) to Maastricht and took refuge with the Franciscans. From their monastery he administered his dioceses for ten years. On different occasions he informed Pope Leo XIII of his willingness to resign for the general good. The pope at last consented, but called him to Rome, and created him cardinal (27 July 1885).
In 1892, during a serious illness he was received into the Society of Jesus and lived as a Jesuit until his death three years later in Rome. He was laid to rest in the cathedral of Cologne. St. Paul's Church, Cologne, completed in 1908, commemorates Melchers.
Works
His principal publications are: Erinnerungen an die Feier des 50jährigen Bischofsjubiläums des h. Vaters Pius IX. (Recollections on the Golden Jubilee of Pope Pius IX; Cologne, 1876); Eine Unterweisung über das Gebet (Cologne, 1876); Einer Unterweisung über des heilige Messopfer (Cologne, 1879); Das Sendschreiben des heiligen Vaters Papst Leo XIII. über den Socialismus (Cologne, 1880); Die katholische Lehre von der Kirche (Cologne, 1881); Das eine Nothwendige (Cologne, 1882); De canonica dioecesium visitatione (Rome, 1892).
References
- Heinrich Maria Ludwigs, Kardinal Erzbischof Dr. Paulus Melchers und die St. Pauluskirche in Köln (Cologne, 1909)
- Theodor Granderath/Konrad Kirch, Geschichte des Vatikanischen Konzils, I, II, III (Freiburg, 1903–1906)
- Theodor Granderath, Acta et Decreta S. S. conciliorum recentiorum, tom. VII (Freiburg, 1890)
External links
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Paul Melchers". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.