Potency and safety analysis of hemp-derived delta-9 products: The hemp vs. cannabis demarcation problem
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
(2,3,5,6-Tetrafluorophenyl)methyl (1R,3S)-3-(2,2-dichloroethen-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate | |
| Other names | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.100.666 |
| KEGG | |
PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C15H12Cl2F4O2 | |
| Molar mass | 371.15 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless crystals |
| Density | 1.507 g/cm3 (23 °C) |
| Melting point | 32 °C (90 °F; 305 K) |
| Boiling point | 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K) at 0.1 mm Hg ~ 250 °C at 760 mm Hg |
| 5.7×10−5 g/L = 57 μg/L | |
| Solubility in hexane, isopropanol, toluene, dichloromethane | very soluble |
| Vapor pressure | Conflicting data: 1×10−4 Pa (20 °C; 15 μg/m3)[2]
or 9×10−4 Pa (20 °C)[1] |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Transfluthrin is a fast-acting pyrethroid insecticide with low persistency. It has the molecular formula C15H12Cl2F4O2.
Transfluthrin can be used in the indoor environment against flies, mosquitoes, moths and cockroaches. It is a relatively volatile substance and acts as a contact and inhalation agent.[1][3]
Transfluthrin, if used contrary to product instructions, may cause symptoms of poisoning including nervousness, anxiety, tremor, convulsions, skin allergies, sneezing, running nose and irritation. Treatment depends on symptoms. No specific antidotes are known, but antihistamines may help to control any allergies.[4]
In experiments, transfluthrin was shown to kill 85 percent of mosquitos within one hour of exposure at concentrations below 0.3 μg/m3 (which was the detection limit) in air.[5] (The data suggests that transfluthrin is effective at these concentrations within much less than an hour of exposure.)
Various household transfluthrin products such as vaporizers and mosquito coils may result in concentrations of 15 μg/m3 to 40 μg/m3.[6] In the EU, the acceptable exposure level (AEL) for humans is 500 μg/m3.[6]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d "WHO Specifications and evaluations for public health pesticides: Transfluthrin. WHO specification 741/2006 – Evaluation Report 741/2002 (November 2006)" (PDF). World Health Organization (WHO). November 2006. p. 20. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ^ Pesticides properties database. K Lewis et al., DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242
- ^ Pates, H. V.; Lines, J. D.; Keto, A. J.; Miller, J. E. (September 2002). "Personal protection against mosquitoes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, by using a kerosene oil lamp to vaporize transfluthrin: Mosquito repellent vaporizing lamps". Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 16 (3): 277–284. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2915.2002.00375.x. PMID 12243228. S2CID 32047931.
- ^ Information on the leaflet supplied with the product: Good Knight Advanced (ACTIV+ System) Mosquito Repellent Vaporizer cartridge (UPC Code:8 901157 001143)
- ^ N.J. Martin et al., The impact of transfluthrin on the spatial repellency of the primary malaria mosquito vectors in Vietnam: Anopheles dirus and Anopheles minimus.. Malar J 19, 9 (2020)
- ^ a b Assessment report: Transfluthrin for EU regulation No. 528/2012 (2014)
External links
- Paranjape, Kalyani; Gowariker, Vasant; Krishnamurthy, V.N.; Gowariker, Sugha (22 December 2014). The Pesticide Encyclopedia. CABI. pp. see 486. ISBN 978-1-78064-014-3.
- Vesin, Aude; Glorennec, Philippe; Le Bot, Barbara; Wortham, Henri; Bonvallot, Nathalie; Quivet, Etienne (2013). "Transfluthrin indoor air concentration and inhalation exposure during application of electric vaporizers" (PDF). Environment International. 60: 1–6. Bibcode:2013EnInt..60....1V. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.011. ISSN 0160-4120. PMID 23973617. S2CID 16608444.
