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| Seankhibtawy Seankhibra | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Architrave with name of king Seankhibtawy Seankhibra | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pharaoh | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | early 20th century BCE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | 11th–13th Dynasty | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seankhibtawy Seankhibra was an Ancient Egyptian king of the 11th or more likely the 12th or 13th Dynasty of Egypt, during the Middle Kingdom period.
Attestations
Seankhibtawy Seankhibra is only known from a single architrave found at Ayn Shams, the ancient city of Heliopolis, where it once adorned a private tomb. It is unclear whether Seankhibtawy Seankhibra is an otherwise unknown king or is rather a name variant for another, better known king of the 13th Dynasty.
Identification
His identification causes problems in Egyptology, as there is no other king known with the same names, dating to the Middle Kingdom. The monument with the king's name has been dated beyond doubt to the Middle Kingdom on stylistically grounds. The name of the private person who owned the monument is damaged, but scant remains indicate that it might have been a person called Heny.
The titulary of ancient Egyptian kings consisted of five names, the prenomen and the nomen being the ones most commonly used on monuments. Yet another important name was the Horus name. Seankhibtawy Seankhibra appears on the monument with the Horus name Seankhibtawy and his prenomen Seankhibra. No other known king bears this combination of names. As of 2018, there is only one known king from the same historical period with the prenomen Seankhibra: pharaoh Amenemhat VI of the early 13th Dynasty. A second king with the same prenomen is attested in the Turin Canon as king of the slightly later 14th Dynasty, but he is not known from any contemporary attestations.
The architrave is of unknown provenance, it probably come from an undocumented rescue excavation. The first person who commented on the king was Detlef Franke who assigned the monument to Amenemhat VI.[1] Kim Ryholt in his study of the Second Intermediate Period followed Franke's dating.[2] The architrave was only fully published in 2005 by Mey Zaki who, again, follows this dating and identification.[3] In contrast, the Egyptologist William Kelly Simpson has dated the monument to the late 11th Dynasty, a time which saw the reign of Mentuhotep IV, a poorly known pharaoh with few attestations.[4] Nevertheless, other Egyptologists such as Alexander Ilin-Tomich, deem it more likely the monument dates to the 12th Dynasty on stylistic grounds, possibly to the early part of the Dynasty during the reigns Amenemhat I, Senusret I or Amenemhat II.
Therefore, Seankhibtawy Seankhibra is either an otherwise not yet attested short reigning king; or it is an early name of one of the mentioned kings before they changed name to the form better known from other monuments.[5]
References
- ^ D. Franke: Zur Chronologie des Mittleren Reiches II: Die sogenannte Zweite Zwischenzeit Altägyptens, in Orientalia 57/3 (1988), 267-68, n. 57.
- ^ see for example: Kim Ryholt: The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period (= Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications. Bd. 20). Museum Tusculanum Press, Copenhagen 1997, ISBN 87-7289-421-0, p. 338, File 13/8.
- ^ M. Zaki: Une architrave 'anonyme' d'Héliopolis, in Discussions in Egyptology 63 (2005), pp. 85-94.
- ^ W. K. Simpson: Studies in the Twelfth Egyptian Dynasty IV: The early Twelfth Dynasty False-Door/Stela of Khety-ankh/Heni from Matariya/Ain Shams (Heliopolis), in Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 38 (2001), pp. 9-10.
- ^ Alexander Ilin-Tomich: King Seankhibra and the Middle Kingdom Appeal to the Living. In: G. Miniaci, W. Grajetzki (editors.): The World of Middle Kingdom Egypt (2000-1550 BC), Vol. 1, London 2015, ISBN 978-1906137434, pp. 145-168. book online
