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抽象啲講,資訊可以定義為「不確定嘅減少」,創始資訊理論嘅美國數學家兼電機工程師克勞迪山農(Claude E. Shannon)佢係噉諗嘅:佢提議將資訊諗做一個包含咗多種可能性嘅集(set),傳資訊嘅人會用某啲訊號將資訊經由有雜音嘅管道傳出去;收資訊嗰個人跟手要由收到嘅訊號嗰度按照佢對嗰種訊號嘅理解重新建構返傳資訊嗰個人想表達嘅內容出嚟;同時,管道嘅雜音會搞到收資訊嗰個人唔能夠完完全全肯定佢收到嘅訊號真係完美反映傳資訊嗰個人想表達嘅內容,頂嗮櫳都只係做到盡力令出錯嘅機率有咁低得咁低[1]。
例子
舉個例說明,想像家陣有一個黑盒,個盒裝住啲嘢,A 君唔知個盒裝咗乜(不確定),但佢識 B 君,而 B 君睇過個盒嘅內容;而又想像家陣 B 君用口講俾 A 君聽個盒裝咗啲乜,喺呢個過程當中,B 君要將自己嘅所思所想轉化做訊號-講嘢嘅聲(將資訊用訊號表達),而啲聲會由佢把口傳過去 A 君對耳仔嗰度,A 君個腦就會由聽到嘅聲嗰度解讀返 B 君想表達嘅內容出嚟(重新建構);假設 B 君係靠得住嘅,A 君就可以透過收佢嘅訊號嚟到判斷嗰個盒嘅內容係乜(不確定性減少)。B 君講嘢向 A 君傳遞咗資訊,但係喺現實裏面,呢種做法好多時都係唔完全靠得住嘅(有雜音),例如可能佢哋兩個周圍嘅環境好嘈,搞到 A 君聽錯[2][3]。
↑Urbany, J. E., Dickson, P. R., & Wilkie, W. L. (1989). Buyer uncertainty and information search. Journal of consumer research, 16(2), 208-215.
↑Galbraith, J. R. (1974). Organization design: An information processing view. Interfaces, 4(3), 28-36.
↑Weary, G., & Jacobson, J. A. (1997). Causal uncertainty beliefs and diagnostic information seeking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(4), 839.
↑Griffin, E. A. (2012). A first look at communication theory/Em Griffin. New York: McGraw-Hill.
↑Chen, A. H., Zhou, Y., Gong, H. Q., & Liang, P. J. (2004). Firing rates and dynamic correlated activities of ganglion cells both contribute to retinal information processing. Brain research, 1017(1-2), 13-20.