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湯馬士·愛迪生第一個公開展示嘅電燈膽

發明粵拼faat3 ming4 | 英文(to) invent)係指一種新嘅或者技術第一次出現。發明可以分做一樣嘢嘅發明同埋一種方法嘅發明;而嘢嘅發明亦都唔限於有形嘅嘢,無形嘅嘢,譬如電腦程式等,都可以係一樣發明。

定位

睇埋:工程學發現

首先,可以睇睇 2021 年不列顛百科全書對「工程學」一詞畀嘅定義[1]

:(工程學係)有創意噉應用科學原理,設計或者開發結構機械架生或者製造過程,(工程學又包括埋)將呢啲嘢單一或者結合噉用嘅工作;(又包埋)喺完全理解呢啲嘢嘅設計之下建造同運作呢啲嘢;(又包埋)或者係預測呢啲嘢喺特定運作情況下嘅行為;仲有係諗埋呢啲嘢嘅預期功能、運作上嘅經濟考量、以及係生命同財產嘅安全性(呢啲結構機械會唔會對生命同財產造成威脅)。

喺上面段嘢裡便,「創意」係一隻關鍵字,反映咗工程學同純科學間嗰條分野:工程學同純科學都要建基於已有嘅知識,逐漸噉縮窄研究嘅範圍,追求新嘅知識;兩者主要分別在於,工程學重視發明一啲全新嘅事物,而純科學就重視發現一啲前所未知嘅事物;舉例說明,喺愛迪生造出世上第一個電燈膽之前,世上並冇電燈膽呢樣嘢,所以愛迪生算係發明咗電燈膽;相比之下,想像而家海洋生物學家深海考察,搵到一種前所未知嘅深海魚物種,嗰種魚不嬲都存在,不過係之前人類唔知佢哋存在噉解,所以班海洋生物學家只算係發現咗呢種魚[2][3]

睇埋

引咗

  1. Engineering. Encyclopedia Britannica. 原版英文:"... the creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behaviour under specific operating conditions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation and safety to life and property."
  2. The Engineering Design Process 互聯網檔案館歸檔,歸檔日期2019年6月9號,..
  3. Dornfeld, D., & Lee, D. E. (2008). Machine design for precision manufacturing (pp. 37-48). Springer US.

文獻

  • (英文) Asimov, Isaac. Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery, Harper & Row, 1989. ISBN 0-06-015612-0
  • (英文) Fuller, Edmund, Tinkers and Genius: The Story of the Yankee Inventors. New York: Hastings House, 1955.