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Kaaba e Mecca ithlelo ra xikhongelo na pfumba ra ripfumelo ra Masurumani

Vusurumani (/ˈɪslɑːm/) i vukhongeri lebyi pfumelaka leswaku kuna xikwembu xin'we ntsena lexinga ringanisiwiku na swikwembu swin'wana, kunga (Allah)[1] naswona Muhammad i murhumiwa wo hetelela wa Xikwembu.[2][3] Vukhongeri lebyi i ba vumbirhi emisaveni hikuya hi mandlandlamukele ya vukhongeri [4] naswona hibyona lebyi kulaka ku tlula vukhongeri byin'wana,[5][6][7] hi kwalomu ka 1.8 wa tibhiliyoni ta valandzeri emisaveni,[8] lava vuriwaka Masurumani.[9] Masurumani ma tata vunyingi bya nhlayo wa vakatiko ematikweni ya kwalomu ka 49 emisaveni.[4] Vusurumani bydyondzisa leswaku Xikwembu xina ntwela-vusiwana, xina matimba hinkwawo, xihlawulekile,[10] naswona xikongomisa vanhu hi kutirhisa vaprofeta, hlavutelo wa matsalwa na swikombiso swa ntumbuluko.[3][11] Matsalwa ya vukhongeri lebyi i Kurani, leyi tekiwaka tani hi rito raxikwembu, na tidyondzo to fanisa (leti vuriwaka sunnah, kuhlanganisa na mintokoto leyi tsariweke kunga hadith) ta Muhammad (Exikarhi ka 570–8 Xixika 632 CE).

Masurumani ma pfumela leswaku Vusurumani ivukhongeri lebyi heleleke lebyi hlavuteriweke eka vaprofeta vofana na Adamu, Abrahama, Moxe na Yesu.[12][13][14] Kasi Kurani yona vatshemba leswaku i hlavutelo lowu heteleleke wa Xikwembu. Vukhongeri lebyi nabyona byi dyondzisa leswaku kutava na kuavanyisa kamakumu, laha lavo lulama vangata ya e Paradeyisini, kasi vadyohi vona vaya e Tiheleni.[15] Minsiya ya vukhongeri lebyi yihlanganisa Minsinya ya nthlanu ya Vusurumani, leyi nga mfanelo wa vukhongeri,  na kulandzelerisa nawu wa vusurumani, lowu khumbaka swiyenge hinkwaso swa vutomi na nhlangano wa vanhu, kusukela eka kuveka mali na swa tarihanyo, kuya eka Vavasati na mbangu. Madorobha ya Mecca, Medina na Jerusalema i madorobha yo kwetsima eka Vusurumani.[16]

Minthsaho

  1. ↑ quran.com: [1]
  2. ↑ John L. Esposito (2009). "Islam. Overview". In John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World (Oxford: Oxford University Press). (subscription required (help)). "Profession of Faith [...] affirms Islam's absolute monotheism and acceptance of Muḥammad as the messenger of God, the last and final prophet." 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 F. E. Peters (2009). "Allāh". In John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World (Oxford: Oxford University Press). (subscription required (help)). "the Muslims’ understanding of Allāh is based [...] on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of humankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses, Jesus, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the “Peoples of the Book.”" 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "The Global Religious Landscape". Pew Forum. 18 December 2012. 
  5. ↑ Burke, Daniel (April 4, 2015). "The world's fastest-growing religion is ...". CNN. Retrieved 18 April 2015. 
  6. ↑ Lippman, Thomas W. (2008-04-07). "No God But God". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 2013-09-24. "Islam is the youngest, the fastest growing, and in many ways the least complicated of the world's great monotheistic faiths. It is based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and Christianity, incorporating some of the teachings of those religions—modifying some and rejecting others." 
  7. ↑ PBS - Islam: Empire of Faith - Faith - Islam Today.
  8. ↑ "Why Muslims are the world’s fastest-growing religious group". Pew Research Center (in en-US). 2017-04-06. Retrieved 2017-05-11. 
  9. ↑ According to Oxford Dictionaries Archived 2016-07-29 at the Wayback Machine., "Muslim is the preferred term for 'follower of Islam,' although Moslem is also widely used."
  10. ↑ Juan E. Campo, ed. (2009). Allah. "Encyclopedia of Islam". Encyclopedia of Islam (Facts on File). p. 34. ISBN 978-0-8160-5454-1. 
  11. ↑ İbrahim Özdemir (2014). "Environment". In Ibrahim Kalin. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam (Oxford: Oxford University Press). (subscription required (help)). "When Meccan pagans demanded proofs, signs, or miracles for the existence of God, the Qurʾān’s response was to direct their gaze at nature’s complexity, regularity, and order. The early verses of the Qurʾān, therefore, reveal an invitation to examine and investigate the heavens and the earth, and everything that can be seen in the environment [...] The Qurʾān thus makes it clear that everything in Creation is a miraculous sign of God (āyah), inviting human beings to contemplate the Creator." 
  12. ↑ "People of the Book". Islam: Empire of Faith. PBS. Retrieved 2010-12-18. 
  13. ↑ Reeves, J. C. (2004).
  14. ↑ http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/21/living/yom-kippur-muslims/index.html, retrieved 10-1-2016
  15. ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2014-04-23. Retrieved 2017-07-28. 
  16. ↑ Trofimov, Yaroslav (2008). The Siege of Mecca: The 1979 Uprising at Islam's Holiest Shrine. New York. p. 79. ISBN 0-307-47290-6. 
source: https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vusurumani