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1751 (MDCCLI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1751st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 751st year of the 2nd millennium, the 51st year of the 18th century, and the 2nd year of the 1750s decade. As of the start of 1751, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

• Adam Smith is appointed professor of logic at the University of Glasgow
• March 25 – For the last time, New Year's Day is legally on March 25 in England and Wales.
• March 31 – The future King George III of the United Kingdom succeeds his father as Prince of Wales. His mother Augusta of Saxe-Gotha becomes Dowager Princess of Wales.
• First publication of Encyclopédie
• The Academy and College of Philadelphia, the predecessor to the private University of Pennsylvania, is founded.
• Pennsylvania Hospital, the first hospital in the British colonies, is founded.

for more information, see Category:1751 births.

• March 16 – James Madison, American politician, 4th President of the United States (d. 1836)

for more information, see Category:1751 deaths.

• March 31 – Frederick, Prince of Wales, member of the British Royal Family (b. 1707)