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Amnni ad icqqa ad t tfhmt ! Amnni ad gis kra n iwalwn nna ur iẓḍaṛ yan ad tn ifhm iɣ ur issin ɣ umawal iẓlin n tutlayt taclḥiyt tatrart. Mad igan afssay ? Fad ad tfhmt mad gis illan tzḍart ad tawst i yixf nnk s umawal lli illan ɣ izddar akkʷ n tasna. Iɣ t ur tufit, tzḍart ad nn taggʷt ɣ imawaln d isgzawaln.

Ifrdisn n Uklid

œuvre écrite

Asakud n ussrsl nɣ isllwi	3e siècle av. J.⁠-⁠C.
Azwl	Στοιχεῖα
Sujet ou thème principal	géométrie euclidienne, Tusnakt
Anaw n tẓuṛi	traité
Amgay	Euclide
Langue de l'œuvre, du nom ou du terme	grec ancien
D'après une œuvre de	Hippocrate de Chios, Eudoxe de Cnide, Archytas de Tarente, Théétète d'Athènes
Œuvre intégrale disponible sur	http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/Books/Euclid/Elements.pdf, http://www.math.ubc.ca/~cass/Euclid/byrne.html, https://archive.org/details/06057518.cn, https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:13079270$1i, https://www.claymath.org/euclid/index
Statut des droits d'auteur	domaine public, domaine public
Entrée dans un tableau d'abréviation	Euc.

Ifrdisn (s tgrikit tazaykut: Στοιχεία / ṣṭuyxiya) gan yan uzraw amusnak d unzggan, yumyn 13 n udlis ittusnmalan f isntal, ahat (ɛniɣ is d) amusnak agriki uklidis ad tn yaran ɣ wattayn n 300 dat n ɛ. yumy yat tgrumma n isnmal, igjda, iskkudn d isɣẓann nnsn, ig usntl nnsn tanzggit tuklidt d tẓṛi n imḍann imnza.

Ifrdisn ad igan amdya ittwassn akkʷ iqbrn n yan uzraw agjdan d ungraw i tnzggit ig yiḍiṣ nns f ubuɣlu n tmẓla d tussna tutrimt adslan. Nẓḍaṛ ad nini mas iga ammud issn amurs akkʷ ixatrn ɣ umzruy : gan ifrdisn yan zɣ idlisn izwarn s uẓṛag (Venise, 1482) ur t yugir ɣar linjil ɣ wuṭṭun n tẓṛigin ittufsarn (uggar n 1000). Tasutin ayad, iga zɣ tɣarasin tisdawanin ganin tinawayin.

Tettuga i udlis amzwaru n ifrdisn n uklid tsuɣlt s tutlayt tamaziɣt tanawayt s yigi n uslmad n tusnakt Muḥmmad Blɣazali (Mohamed Belarhzali).

Tska tbridt n uklid tiwuriwin nns f isnmal, "tuttriwin" (tindagin), "iwngimn umyirn" (igjda) d isumar (imukrisn ttufsaynin, ganin 470 ɣ uɣrud ɣ idlisn s 13). s umdya, yumy udlis 1 35 n isnmal (tiqiffit, azririg, tajumma, atg.) smmus n iwngimn issarn.

Tindagin n udlis 1 :

1. Yan ugzzum zɣ umaɣud iẓḍaṛ ad ittusunɣ s uzday n snat tqiffa aynna s rant gnt tt.
2. Yan ugzzum zɣ umaɣud iẓḍaṛ ad ittusɣzif s war timdi ɣ yan uzririg iɣdn.
3. Iɣ ittufka yan ugzzum n yan umaɣud aynna s ira ig t, ad niɣiy ad nssunɣ yat tẓayṛt ng as agzzum ad d aẓnẓaṛ (aqqar) ng as yat zɣ tlisa d ammas.
4. Aksulnt akkʷ tɣmrin timaɣudin.
5. Iɣ ibby yan umaɣud sin imaɣudn yaḍn skrn snat tɣmrin tignsanin illan f yat tsga mẓẓiynt f snat tɣmrin timaɣudin, hat qad myabayn imaɣudn ad ɣ tsga ad.

Iwngimn issarn n udlis 1 :

1. Da ttmmgdunt snat tɣawsiwin gdanin akkʷ yat tɣawsa yaḍn.
2. Iɣ nrna sin id wanck mmgdanin i sin id wanck mmgdanin awd nitni, rad aɣ nn fkn sin id wanck immgdan ɣ tmrniwt.
3. Iɣ nkks sin id wanck mmgdanin i sin id wanck mmgdanin awd nitni, rad aɣ nn fkn sin id wanck immgdan ɣ umzaray.
4. Id wanck imsasan grasn, da ttmgdan.

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