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Karoti ni ubwoko bw’imboga bukungahaye kuri vitmini A, B, C na E zifitiye akamaro kanini umubiri w’umuntu mu kuwurinda ubuhumyi n’izindi ndwara, gutuma uruhu rusa neza n’ibindi. Karoti zihingwa ahantu hose, mu butaka buseseka, buhitisha amazi kandi bufumbiye.ubwoko bwa karoti zitwa Nantes, Kuva mu myaka ibihumbi ishize, muri Afuganisitani batangiye guhinga karoti. Karoti ni igihingwa gifite ibara risa na oranje, riri hagati y'umutuku n'umuhondo. Ifasha muri byinshi, haba mu kurinda no kuvura.Gusa kuri ubu ntaho idahingwa nawe wayihingira mu karima k'igikoni.[1][2][3]
• Karoti ikungahaye kuri vitamin A. Ifite kandi na vitamin C.
• Karoti irimo poroteyine nyinshi
• Karoti ibamo ibyitwa beta-carotene
• Karoti ibamo isukari.
• Karoti ibamo vitamin K na E
• Karoti ikungahaye ku myunyu ngugu nka karisiyumu, ubutare (fer/iron), potasiyumu, manyeziyumu, manganeze, fosifore na zenki (zinc).[1][2][3]
Kuba karoti ikungahaye ku byo tuvuze haruguru, bituma igira umumaro ukurikira:
Ifasha mu kubona cyane cyane butangiye kugoroba
Ifasha mu gukura, bitewe na vitamin A irimo
Ifasha mu kurwanya kanseri y amaraso no mu gutuma amaraso akama vuba mu gihe ukomeretse
Ifasha mu kurwanya kanseri zitandukanye nka kanseri ya prostate ifata abagabo, na kanseri y ibihaha
Ifasha mu gusohora imyanda mu mubiri
Ituma ugira uruhu rwiza, ikanatuma rutagaragaza gusaza!!!
Karisiyumu irimo ituma amagufa akomera
Irinda indwara z umutima
Ifitiye akamaro amenyo n ishinya
Ifasha abarwaye diyabete[3][4][5]
Karoti ikoreshwa mu buryo bunyuranye. Iribwa bayihekenya, iyo ubikoze umaze kurya birinda amenyo n ishinya Ushobora kuyikuramo umutobe wayo ukawunywa. Bigurira akamaro inyama zo mu nda nk amara n igifu. Kuyikoramo salade (kuyirapa, cg kuyicamo uduce duto) Iyo uyiseye ugashyira ku gisebe bikirinda mikorobi.Iyo ushaka kuyirya itetse si byiza kuyikaranga, ahubwo uyishyira ku byo kurya birangiye gutogota kugirango utica intungamubiri zirimo.Karoti imwe nini ku munsi, buri munsi, yagufasha mu kugabanya inshuro ujya kwa muganga.[6][5][4][3][1]
Mu murima urambuye, hinga utageza hasi isuka mbere yo gutera karoti cyangwa se uzitere mu mu mitabo yigiye hejuru ifite m1 kugeza kuri m 1.2 mu bugari kugira ngo woroshye uburyo bwo kubagara, gusukira no kugabanya indwara zituruka mu butaka. Imitabo kandi ifasha imizi ya karoti gucengera neza mu butaka kandi igatuma ubutaka bugumana amazi.[4][5]
Karoti zikenera intungagihingwa cyane cyane by’umwihariko Potasiyumu (Kg100/ha), na Azote ku rugero ruringaniye (kg50/ha) na Fosifori (kg 50 /ha). Karoti ntizikunda umunyu mwinshi wa Kalisiyumu, kandi zibasirwa n’indwara iyo ubusharire bw’ubutaka buri hejuru ya 5.5. Ni ngombwa gukoresha ihwagara igihe ubusharire bw’ubutaka buri hasi ya 5.5. Ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza igirira Karoti akamaro iyo ikoreshejwe ku buryo buringaniye (Toni 20-25/ha). Gufumbiza ifumbire itarabora cyangwa ibisigazwa bibisi by’imyaka bishobora gutuma karoti zigira ibijumba bifite isura mbi utabasha gusukura ku buryo bworoshye cyangwa kugurisha ku isoko.[6][7]
Hakenerwa umurama wa Karoti ungana na garama 600 kuri Hegitari 1. Intera isigara hagati y’imirongo ni cm 20 na cm5-8 hagati ya karoti n’indi, bitewe n’ubwoko bw’imbuto cyangwa bw’ubutaka. Umurama uterwa uvangwa n’umucanga mu bujyakuzimu bwa cm 0.5-1. Mu mirongo itandukanyijwe na cm 20, mu butaka bwatunganyijwe neza, bwahinzwe bageza isuka muri cm 30 z’ubujyakuzimu. Hakurikiraho korosa agataka gake ku murama wanyanyagijwe mu mirongo no gutwikiriza ibyatsi byumye ahamaze guterwa no kuvomerera kugira ngo karoti zimere.[8][9]
Karoti zimera nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri cyangwa bitatu zitewe. Iyo zameze bakuraho ibyatsi byari bitwikiriye umurima.[10]
Uburyo bwiza bwo kugumana ubuhehere mu butaka no kurinda karoti kuma ni ubwo gukoresha isaso. Unyanyagiza isaso ifite umubyimba wa cm 5 kugeza kuri cm 10 hagati y’imirongo ya karoti kugira ngo ifashe ubutaka gukomeza guhehera. Ntugashyire isaso hejuru ya karoti ahubwo uyishyira hagati yazo. Isaso ntifasha karoti gukurira mu butaka buhehereye gusa, ahubwo irumbura n’ubutaka kuko itanga intungagihingwa zikenewe. Na none isaso ituma ibyatsi bibi bitamera mu murima wa karoti.[11]
Karoti ziricirwa hagasigara intera ya cm 3-5 ku murongo kugira ngo zikure neza. Kwicira karoti ni ni ukurandura udutoturimo kugira ngo haboneke umwanya izasigaye zikuriramo. Ibyiza ni ukwicira karori inshuro 2. Ubwa mbere wicira karoti zimaze kugera kuri cm 10 z’uburebure, ukaranduramo uduto tudakura neza cyangwa izameze hejuru y’izindi . Iyo wicira karoti usiga akanya gato hagati ya karoti n’indi. Wicira karoti ku nshuro ya kabiri hashize kwezi wiciye bwa mbere, ugakuramo izidakura neza kandi ugasiga akanya kari hagati ya cm 3 na cm5 hagati ya karoti.[1][2][3][4]
Ingemwe za Karoti zishobora gusukirwa igihe ibijumba bitangiye kubyibuha kugira ngo bigumane ubuhehere kandi ntibigire imitwe y’icyatsi kubisi. Gerageza gusukirakaroti ushyira itaka mu mpandez’imitwe y’ibijumba byazo. Karoti zikura zizamuka zigasa n’izivana mu butaka, imitwe y’ibijumba byazo igahinduka icyatsi kibisi. Kuzisukira bituma imitwe y’ibijumba byazo igumana ibara rya oranje.[1][2][3]
Nyuma y’icyumweru uteye karoti,ugomba gutangira kuzivomerera.Kugira ngo zikure neza, karoti zisaba amazi agera byibura kuri cm2 z’ubujyakuzimu. Mu gihe nta mvura igwa mu karere umurima uherereyemo, ni byiza kuvomerera. Ushoboragukoresha igitembo kimisha amazi cyangwa se uburyo bwo kuhira imyaka ariko bushobora guhenda.Mbere yo kuvomerera Karoti, ubanza guca agaferege ka cm 10 hagati y’imirongo ya karoti, wabona ubutaka bwumagaye ukabona kuvomerera, bwaba buhehereye ukaba ubyihoreye.[4][5][6][8]
Karoti zikiri ntoyaziba zitarakomera kandi zikura gahoro gahoro, ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa kurwanya ibyatsi bibi bimeramo mu byumweru bike bikurikira kumera. Ubagara uharura ibyati mu murima ukoresheje agasuka.[7][8][9][10]
Iyi ndwara iterwa n'uduhumyo twitwa . Amabara y'ikigina kijimye cyangwa ikijuju aza ku mababi. Ahakikije ayo mabara hahinduka umuhondo, maze amababi yafashwe akuma. Amababi ashaje ni yo abanza gufatwa, kandi aho indwara yakabije ni ho amababi akiri mato afatwa. Ibibara binini bishobota kuza ku nkondo y'amababi ariko ntibize ku mababi
Mu bihe by'ubushyuhe burimo ubuhehere, gupfa kw'amababi yafashwe birihuta cyane ku buryo ubona karoti yarabiranye rwose. Uduhumyo dutera iyi ndwara dufata imbuto, kandi dushobora kuguma mu butaka igihe kirekire twibera mu bisigazwa by'ibihingwa.[8][9][10]
Iyi ndwara iterwa n'agahumyo kitwa "Erysiphe polygoni (E. heraclei)". Irangwa n'urubobi rwera rugaragara ku mababi. Amababi yafashwe araraba akuma. Iyi ndwara ifata imbuto. [2][3]
Indwra z’ingenzi zifata karoti zamaze gusarurwa ni ububore buterwa ahaini n’agahumyo bita Sclerotinia ( soma Sikelerotiniya). Ako gahumyo kanduza karoti zikiri mu murima kanyuze ku rugori rw’ikijumba. Mu gihe karoti zasaruwe zihunitse/ zibitse, ako gahumyo gatuma zizana uruhumbu rw’umweru rukazitwikira. Karoti zafashwe n’ubwo bubore zirorohera kandi zikigiramo amazi. Ushobora kugabanya kwandirika guterwa n’uduhumyo twa Sikelerotiniya ukoresheje ibi bikurikira:
(1) Gukoresha umuti wemewe wica uduhumyo mbere yo gusarura ( urugero: Bravo 500)
(2) Guhita uvana ku zuba karoti umaze gusarura
(3) Kongera umwanya usigara hagati ya karoti n’indi mu murima kugira ngo wongera ubuhumekero hagati yazo kuko kuba amababi yazo yamara igihe atose bitera ububore
(4) Gusimburanya ibihingwa
(5) Gukoresha umuti wemewe urwanya za mikorobi igihe umaze gusarura ( urugero: Dowicide (O- phenylphenol) ku rugero rwa gr 98muri litiro y’amazi[5][1][2]
Karoti ziba zeze neza nyuma y’amezi abiri kugeza kuri atatu zitewe. Ikigaragaza ko karoti zeze neza ni uko amababi yazo atangira kuba umuhodo, akagenda yuma ahereye kuyo hejuru. Ikindi kandi ubutaka buriyasa ku buryo bugaragara.
Karoti zisarurwa bazirandura hakoreshejwe intoki cyangwa se hagakoreshwa igitiyo cyangwa ikindi gikoresho cyoroshya ubutaka kugira ngo basarure Karoti. Karoti zeze neza ziba zifite ibara rya oranje kuva hasi kugera hejuru n’imbere hose. Umusaruro wa karoti uri hagati ya Toni 20-30/ha. Karoti zigisarurwa zigomba gutoranywa kugira ngo hakurwemo izifite ubusembwa: uduto cyane, izakomeretse, izirwaye, izahindutse icyatsi kibisi, izisatuye n’izishwe n’izuba. Kwigengesera mu gihe urobanura Karoti bizirinda kuraba, guhindura ibara no kuvunagurika.[2]
Gusarura karoti igihe hafutse bizongerera igihe zimara zitangiritse kandi zikagumana ubwiza zasaruranywe. Ubutaka bufutse bwongera ubwiza bwa karoti zihunitse kuko (1) butuma ibijumba byazo bikonja mbere yo gusarurwa kandi (2) bugatuma mikorobi n’izindi ndiririzi zitera indwara zitiyongera.
Bitewe n’ibikenewe ku isoko, Karoti zishobora kugurishwa zaciwe imitwe yazo cyangwa zikiyifite. Karoti zaciwe imitwe zihumeka vuba maze ubwiza bwazo bukangirika vuba kurusha izagumanye imitwe yazo. Karoti zicuruzwa zifite imitwe yazo igomba kugabanywa hagasigara imitwe ireshya na cm2.5. Igihe karoti zihunitse, ni ngombwa kuzitandukanya n’ibihingwa bigira umwuka wa Etilene nka Pome, insenda cyangwa Melo. Gutwara karoti bisaba ubwitonzi- irinde kuzunguza no gucuguza ibitebo birimo karoti kugira ngo zidakomereka cyangwa zikavunagurika. Mu gihe hashyushye kandi ugomba kujyana karoti ku isoko, zitwikire ukoreheje ihema cyangwa shitingi. Kirazira kurekera ku zuba karoti wasaruye. Kuzishyira mu gicucu bizigabanyiriza gutakaza amazi. Karoti ziri ku zuba zitakaza ubwiza bwazo vuba kandi zigatakaza amazi ku buryo bwihuse.[1][2][3][4][7][8][10]
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