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Africa

continent, geographic location, geographic region

Part of	Ostfeste, Earth, Afro-Eurasia, Afro-Asia
Country	no value
Located in/on physical feature	Northern hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere
Coordinate location	21°5′38″N 7°11′17″E
Highest point	Mount Kibo
Owner of	International Council of African Museums
Dey share bother plus	Eurasia, Asia
Studied in	African studies, Africana studies
Geography of topic	geography of Africa
History of topic	history of Africa
Economy of topic	economy of Africa
Demographics of topic	demographics of Africa
NCI Thesaurus ID	C26272
Category for maps	Category:Maps of Africa

Africa be de world ein second-largest den second-most populous continent afta Asia. For about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) wey dey include adjacent islands, edey cover 20% of Earth ein land area den 6% of ein total surface area.^[1] Plus 1.4 billion people^[2][3] as of 2021, edey account for about 18% of de world ein human population. Africa ein population be de youngest amongst all de continents;^[4][5] na de median age insyd 2012 be 19.7, wen na de worldwide median age be 30.4.^[6] Despite wide range of natural resources, Africa be de least wealthy continent per capita den second-least wealthy by total wealth, ahead of Oceania. Scholars attribute dis to different factors wey dey include geography, climate, tribalism,^[7] colonialism, de Cold War,^[8][9] neocolonialism, lack of democracy, den corruption.^[7] Despite dis low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion den de large den young population dey make Africa important economic market insyd de broader global context.

De continent be surrounded by de Mediterranean Sea go de north, de Isthmus of Suez den de Red Sea go de northeast, de Indian Ocean go de southeast den de Atlantic Ocean go de west. De continent dey include Madagascar den various archipelagos. Edey contain 54 fully sovereign states dem recognise, eight cities den islands wey be part of non-African states, den two de facto independent states plus limited anaa no recognition. Dis count no dey include Malta den Sicily, wey be geologically part of de African continent. Algeria be Africa ein largest country by area, den Nigeria be ein largest by population. African nations dey cooperate thru de establishment of de African Union, wey be headquartered insyd Addis Ababa.

Africa dey straddle de equator den de prime meridian. Ebe de continent per wey dey stretch from de northern temperate go de southern temperate zones.^[10] De majority of de continent den ein countries dey insyd de Northern Hemisphere, plus substantial portion den number of countries insyd de Southern Hemisphere. Most of de continent dey lie insyd de tropics, except for large part of Western Sahara, Algeria, Libya den Egypt, de northern tip of Mauritania, den de entire territories of Morocco, Ceuta, Melilla, den Tunisia wey in turn dey locate above de tropic of Cancer, insyd de northern temperate zone. Insyd de oda extreme of de continent, southern Namibia, southern Botswana, great parts of South Africa, de entire territories of Lesotho den Eswatini den de southern tips of Mozambique den Madagascar dey locate below de tropic of Capricorn, insyd de southern temperate zone.

For sam recently analysis dem publish wey dey base for World Values Survey data top, de Austrian political scientist Arno Tausch maintain say several African countries, most notably Ghana, perform quite well for scales of mass support top for democracy den de market economy.^[11]

Source: Maddison den odas. (University of Groningen).^[12]

Source: Maddison den odas (University of Groningen).

Dem categorize de countries insyd dis table according to de scheme for geographic subregions de United Nations dey use, den data dem include be per sources insyd cross-referenced articles. Wer dem dey differ, dem clearly indicate provisos.

1. ↑ Sayre, April Pulley (1999), Africa, Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN. 0-7613-1367-2.
2. ↑ "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
3. ↑ "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
4. ↑ Swanson, Ana (17 August 2015). "5 ways the world will look dramatically different in 2100". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
5. ↑ Harry, Njideka U. (11 September 2013). "African Youth, Innovation and the Changing Society". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 20 September 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
6. ↑ Janneh, Abdoulie (April 2012). "item, 4 of the provisional agenda – General debate on national experience in population matters: adolescents and youth" (PDF). United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1} Collier, Paul; Gunning, Jan Willem (1 August 1999). "Why Has Africa Grown Slowly?". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 13 (3): 3–22. doi:10.1257/jep.13.3.3.
8. ↑ Aemazung, Joy Asongazoh (1 September 2010). "Post-colonial colonialism: an analysis of international factors and actors marring African socio-economic and political development" (PDF). Journal of Pan African Studies. 3 (10): 62–85. S2CID 140806396. Gale A306596751. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
9. ↑ Bayeh, Endalcachew (February 2015). "The political and economic legacy of colonialism in the post-independence African states". International Journal in Commerce, IT & Social Sciences. 2 (2): 89–93. doi:10.4000/poldev.78. S2CID 198939744. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
10. ↑ "Africa. General info". Visual Geography. Archived from the original on 24 April 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2007.
11. ↑ Tausch, Arno (2018). "Africa on the Maps of Global Values: Comparative Analyses, Based on Recent World Values Survey Data" (PDF). doi:10.2139/ssrn.3214715. S2CID 158596579. SSRN 3214715. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
12. ↑ ^{12.0 12.1 12.2} Maddison (27 July 2016). "Growth of World Population, GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
13. ↑ ^{13.0 13.1} "Africa Population (LIVE)". worldometers.info. Archived from the original on 2 September 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
14. ↑ ^{14.0 14.1} "Five key findings from the 2022 UN Population Prospects". Our World in Data. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
15. ↑ "World Population Day: July 11, 2018". United States Census Bureau. 11 July 2018. Archived from the original on 18 July 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
16. ↑ ANTHONY CILLUFFO; NEIL G. RUIZ (17 June 2019). "World's population is projected to nearly stop growing by the end of the century". Pew Research Center.
17. ↑ "IDB: Countries Ranked by Population". 28 November 1999. Archived from the original on 28 November 1999.

• Brantlinger, Patrick (1985). "Victorians and Africans: The Genealogy of the Myth of the Dark Continent" (PDF). Critical Inquiry. 12 (1): 166–203. doi:10.1086/448326. JSTOR 1343467. S2CID 161311164.
• Malone, Jacqui (1996). Steppin' on the Blues: the Visible Rhythms of African American Dance. University of Illinois Press. OCLC 891842452.
• Robinson, Ronald; Gallagher, John; Denny, Alice (1961). Africa and the Victorians: The official mind of imperialism (2 ed.). Macmillan. ISBN 9780333310069. OL 17989466M.
• Shillington, Kevin (2005). History of Africa. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-59957-0.
• Southall, Roger; Melber, Henning (2009). A New Scramble For Africa?: Imperialism, Investment and Development. University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.
• Welsh-Asante, Kariamu (2009). African Dance. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-2427-8.

• Asante, Molefi (2007). The History of Africa. US: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-77139-9.
• Clark, J. Desmond (1970). The Prehistory of Africa. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-02069-2.
• Crowder, Michael (1978). The Story of Nigeria. London: Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-04947-9.
• Davidson, Basil (1966). The African Past: Chronicles from Antiquity to Modern Times. Harmondsworth: Penguin. OCLC 2016817.
• Gordon, April A.; Gordon, Donald L. (1996). Understanding Contemporary Africa. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 978-1-55587-547-3.
• Khapoya, Vincent B. (1998). The African experience: an introduction. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-745852-3.
• Moore, Clark D., and Ann Dunbar (1968). Africa Yesterday and Today, in series, The George School Readings on Developing Lands. New York: Praeger Publishers.
• Naipaul, V.S. The Masque of Africa: Glimpses of African Belief. Picador, 2010. ISBN 978-0-330-47205-0
• Wade, Lizzie (2015). "Drones and satellites spot lost civilizations in unlikely places". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aaa7864.

General information

• Africa web resources GovPubs provide at de University of Colorado Boulder Libraries
• Africa at de Encyclopædia Britannica
• Africa: Human Geography at de National Geographic Society
• African & Middle Eastern Reading Room from de United States Library of Congress
• Africa South of the Sahara from Stanford University
• Aluka, digital library of scholarly resources from den about Africa

History

• The Story of Africa from BBC World Service
• "Africa" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 320–358.