Knowledge Base Wiki

Search for LIMS content across all our Wiki Knowledge Bases.

Type a search term to find related articles by LIMS subject matter experts gathered from the most trusted and dynamic collaboration tools in the laboratory informatics industry.

Voiced bilabial plosive
b
IPA Number102
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity (decimal)b
Unicode (hex)U+0062
X-SAMPAb
Braille⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)

The voiced bilabial plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨b⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is b. The voiced bilabial stop occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the letter ⟨b⟩ in obey [oʊˈbeɪ].

Features

Features of the voiced bilabial stop:

Varieties

IPA Description
b plain b
bʷ labialised
b̜ʷ semi-labialised
b̹ʷ strongly labialised
bʲ palatalised
bʱ breathy voiced
bˠ velarised

Occurrence

Occurrence of [b] in several languages
Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Adyghe бгъу / bġ° [bʁʷə]ⓘ 'nine'
Albanian bletë ['bletə] 'bee'
Arabic Standard[1] باب / baab / bāb [baːb] 'door' See Arabic phonology
Assyrian ܒܒܐ baba [baːba] 'father'
Armenian Eastern[2] բարի/bari [bɑˈɾi]ⓘ 'kind'
Basque bero [beɾo] 'hot'
Bengali বলো / balo [bɔlo] 'say!' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Bengali phonology
Catalan[3] bell [ˈbeʎ] 'beautiful' See Catalan phonology
Chechen борз / borz [borz] 'wolf'
Czech bota [ˈbota] 'boot' See Czech phonology
Danish Standard[4][5] løber [ˈløːbɐ] 'runner' Only partially voiced; possible allophone of /b/ in the intervocalic position. More often voiceless [p].[4][5] See Danish phonology
Dutch[6] boer [buːr] 'farmer' See Dutch phonology
English aback [əˈbæk]ⓘ 'aback' See English phonology
Esperanto batalo [baˈtalo] 'war' See Esperanto phonology
Filipino buto [buto] 'bone'
French[7] boue [bu] 'mud' See French phonology
Georgian[8] ბავშვი / bavšvi [ˈbavʃvi] 'child'
German aber [ˈäːbɐ]ⓘ 'but' See Standard German phonology
Greek μπόχα / bócha [ˈbo̞xa] 'reek' See Modern Greek phonology
Gujarati બક્રી / bakri [bəkri] 'goat' See Gujarati phonology
Hebrew בית / báyit [bajit] 'house' See Modern Hebrew phonology
Hindustani Hindi बाल / bāl [bäːl] 'hair' Contrasts with aspirated version /bʱ/. See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Urdu بال / bāl
Hungarian baba [ˈbɒbɒ] 'baby' See Hungarian phonology
Italian[9] bile [ˈbile] 'rage' See Italian phonology
Japanese[10] 番 / ban [baɴ] '(one's) turn' See Japanese phonology
Kabardian бгъуы/bg"uy [bʁʷə]ⓘ 'nine'
Korean 지붕 / jibung [t͡ɕibuŋ] 'roof' See Korean phonology
Kurdish Northern bav [bɑːv] 'father' See Kurdish phonology
Central باوک/bâwk [bɑːwk]
Southern باوگ/bâwig [bɑːwɨg]
Luxembourgish[11] geblosen [ɡ̊əˈbloːzən] 'blown' More often voiceless [p].[11] See Luxembourgish phonology
Macedonian убав/ubav [ˈubav] 'beautiful' See Macedonian phonology
Malay baru [bäru] 'new'
Maltese għatba [aːtˈba] 'threshold'
Marathi बटाटा / baṭāṭā [bəˈʈaːʈaː] 'potato' See Marathi phonology
Nepali बाटो / bāṭo [bäʈo] 'path' See Nepali phonology
Norwegian bål [ˈbɔːl] 'bonfire' See Norwegian phonology
Odia ବାର/barô [bärɔ] 'twelve' Contrasts with aspirated form.
Persian خوب/ xub [xub] 'good' See Persian phonology
Pirahã pibaóí [ˈpìbàóí̯] 'parent'
Polish[12] bas [bäs]ⓘ 'bass' See Polish phonology
Portuguese[13] bato [ˈbatu] 'I strike' See Portuguese phonology
Punjabi ਬਿੱਲੀ/billī [bɪlːi] 'cat'
Romanian[14] bou [bow] 'bull' See Romanian phonology.
Russian[15] рыба / ryba [ˈrɨbə] 'fish' Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology
Serbo-Croatian[16] биће / biće [bǐːt͡ɕě] 'being' See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Slovak byť [bi̞c] 'to be'
Slovene biti [ˈbìːt̪í] 'to be'
Southern Min 閩 / ban [ban] 'Fujian province' Only in colloquial speech.
Spanish[17] invertir [ĩmbe̞ɾˈt̪iɾ] 'to invest' See Spanish phonology
Swedish bra [ˈbɾɑː] 'good' May be an approximant in casual speech. See Swedish phonology
Telugu బడి [badi] 'school' Contrasts with aspirated form. Aspirated form is articulated as breathy consonant.
Thai บำบัด / bam-bàt [bam.bat̚] 'therapy' See Thai phonology
Turkish bulut [ˈbuɫut̪] 'cloud' See Turkish phonology
Tyap bai [bai] 'to come'
Ukrainian[18] брат / brat [brɑt̪] 'brother' See Ukrainian phonology
Welsh mab [mɑːb] 'son' See Welsh phonology
West Frisian bak [bak] 'tray'
Wu 皮 / bi [bi] 'skin'
Xiang 浮 / baw [bau] 'to float'
Yi ꁧ / bbo [bo˧] 'mountain'
Zapotec Tilquiapan[19] bald [bald] 'few'

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Thelwall (1990:37)
  2. ^ Dum-Tragut (2009:13)
  3. ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
  4. ^ a b Goblirsch (2018), pp. 134–5, citing Fischer-Jørgensen (1952) and Abrahams (1949, pp. 116–21, 228–30).
  5. ^ a b Puggaard-Rode, Horslund & Jørgensen (2022).
  6. ^ Gussenhoven (1992:45)
  7. ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
  8. ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
  9. ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
  10. ^ Okada (1999:117)
  11. ^ a b Gilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 67–68.
  12. ^ Jassem (2003:103)
  13. ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
  14. ^ DEX Online : [1]
  15. ^ Padgett (2003:42)
  16. ^ Landau et al. (1999), p. 66.
  17. ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
  18. ^ Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 4.
  19. ^ Merrill (2008:108)

References

  • Abrahams, Henrik (1949), Études phonétiques sur les tendances évolutives des occlusives germaniques, Aarhus University Press
  • Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618, S2CID 249411809
  • Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223, S2CID 249414876
  • Danyenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995), Ukrainian, Lincom Europa, ISBN 9783929075083
  • Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
  • Fischer-Jørgensen, Eli (1952), "Om stemtheds assimilation", in Bach, H.; et al. (eds.), Festskrift til L. L. Hammerich, Copenhagen: G. E. C. Gad, pp. 116–129
  • Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
  • Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 67–74, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278
  • Goblirsch, Kurt (2018), Gemination, Lenition, and Vowel Lengthening: On the History of Quantity in Germanic, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-03450-1
  • Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X, S2CID 243772965
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
  • Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
  • Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344
  • Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", in International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
  • Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 21 (1): 39–87, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505, S2CID 13470826
  • Puggaard-Rode, Rasmus; Horslund, Camilla Søballe; Jørgensen, Henrik (2022), "The rarity of intervocalic voicing of stops in Danish spontaneous speech", Laboratory Phonology, 13 (1), doi:10.16995/labphon.6449, hdl:1887/3304670
  • Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
  • Shosted, Ryan K.; Chikovani, Vakhtang (2006), "Standard Georgian" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659
  • Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 20 (2): 37–41, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266, S2CID 243640727
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_stop