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44°32′54″N 92°19′31″W / 44.548458°N 92.325368°W / 44.548458; -92.325368

Sea Wing c. 1889
History
NameSea Wing
OwnerDiamond Jo Line
Completed1888
FateFoundered with the loss of 98 passengers
General characteristics
Displacement110 long tons (110 t)
Length135 feet (41 m)
Beam16 feet (4.9 m)
Height22 feet (6.7 m)
Draft4.5 feet (1.4 m)
Installed power2 steam engines, 10 in diameter, 6 ft stroke
PropulsionSternwheel paddleboat
NotesTowboat being used as an excursion boat

The Sea Wing disaster occurred on July 13, 1890, when a strong squall line overturned the excursion vessel Sea Wing on Lake Pepin near Lake City, Minnesota. Approximately 215 people were aboard the vessel when it overturned and as a result of the accident 98 passengers drowned. An excursion barge that was being towed by the Sea Wing was either cut loose or broke loose and survived the disaster with its passengers unharmed. It is the worst Minnesota maritime disaster ever, and one of the worst maritime disasters that occurred on the upper Mississippi River.[1]

While tornadoes had occurred earlier in the evening farther north in the Twin Cities area, it is believed that downburst winds from a thunderstorm were the cause of the accident.[2][1]

Construction

Built in 1888 at Diamond Bluff, Wisconsin, as a sternwheel rafter, the Sea Wing was 135 feet (41 m) long and 16 feet (4.9 m) beam amidship.[3] She had a displacement of 110 long tons (110 t) and a height of 22 feet (6.7 m) to her pilot house.[4] The Sea Wing was powered by a six piston steam engine.[5] The Sea Wing was rated for a maximum of 350 passengers when the ship towed two passenger barges on its trips.[6] The safety equipment carried consisted of 175 wood floats, 175 cork and tube life preservers, six axes and seven lifeboats with 28 oars.[6]

History

Based in Diamond Bluff, Wisconsin, the Sea Wing was jointly owned by Captain David Niles Wethern and Melvin Sparks, operating as the Diamond Jo Line.[6][7] Normally used for moving lumber and commodities along the Mississippi River, the ship was also used for excursions as an extra source of income.[8]

Tragedy

During July 1890, a Sunday excursion was planned from Red Wing, Minnesota to Lake City, Minnesota. The First Regiment of the Minnesota National Guard's summertime encampment, named Camp Lake View, was scheduled to be held at that time.[9][10]

On the morning of the excursion, 13 July 1890, the Sea Wing left Diamond Bluff, Wisconsin, at 7:30 am for its trip to the encampment south of Lake City towing a covered barge named the Jim Grant, which would carry a number of the day's passengers. The Sea Wing first stopped at Trenton, Wisconsin, at 8:30 am and then arrived at Red Wing at 9:30 am, where approximately 150 waiting passengers at Red Wing got on board. Captain Wethern's family was already on board as well as a string orchestra that played for the passengers while the vessel was en route.[9] After leaving Red Wing, the vessel stopped at Frontenac, Minnesota, and then proceeded on to her destination arriving around 11:30 am that morning.[11] The passengers disembarked and spent their time picnicking, visiting the troops and listening to a band concert later in the day.[12]

The return trip was scheduled to leave between 5 and 6 pm that evening, but the national guard had scheduled a dress parade for the visitors.[12] Captain Wethern agreed to delay the departure, after being asked by a number of passengers, until after the parade at 7 pm.[13] Shortly after the parade began, the weather conditions changed and began to look ominous. Captain Wethern began sounding the ship's whistle to recall the passengers and by 8 pm the passengers were on board and the ship was made ready to leave. The captain had been advised to delay his departure by other river men, because they felt that a storm was heading their way, but Captain Wethern believed that the weather looked like it was clearing.[12] The Sea Wing left port and headed on to its first stop at Lake City. A half hour into the voyage Captain Wethern noticed a gale heading toward them from the Minnesota shore. He turned the Sea Wing to meet the storm but a large wave struck the ship, tilting it at a 45-degree angle. While still tilted the ship was struck by strong winds that capsized the ship.

Aftermath

Following the tragedy, there were conflicting reports that Captain Wethern had been arrested for his own protection.[14] Accusations of drunkenness, overloading of the ship and heading out over objections that the weather conditions were unsafe were leveled against Captain Wethern, as well.[14][15] Further claims that the captain ordered the women and children from the barge and into a cabin which he then locked were made as only seven of the 57 women on board had survived the sinking. It was reported that many of the women had left the barge voluntarily for the ship due to objectionable conduct by fellow passengers.[16]

Inquiry

An inquiry was begun to ascertain the cause of the disaster with the investigation headed by John D. Sloane, who held the office of Inspector of Steam Vessels. He was assisted by Captains George B. Knapp and Charles F. Yeager, who were two local inspectors from Galena, Illinois, board along with Captains John Monaghan and Michael F. Chalk from the Duluth, Minnesota board who would also take affidavits from the survivors of the accident as part of the investigation.[17][18]

During the inquiry, it was found that while the previous captain of the Sea Wing, Captain H.C. Fuller, was licensed for excursion trips of up to 175 passengers, this license wasn't transferred to Captain Wethern and, by regulation, he was only allowed to carry 12 passengers at that time.[19][20] It was also noted that the captain had no authority to take barges in tow at the time of the accident.[21] Under questioning, Captain Wethern stated that he did not know that under the ship's excursion permit he was required to have an additional pilot on board or the number of required crew needed for handling and manning lifeboats.[22] Captain Wethern also stated under questioning that the life preservers on board were in a "miserably deficient" condition.[23]

Following the inquiry, it was reported on August 11, 1890, that Captain Wethern's license as master and pilot was suspended for "Unskillfullness" in his operation of the vessel.[24][17] It was noted in the report that on the day of the accident, the ship's passenger capacity was exceeded by 30 persons; the passenger list was not correct; starting the voyage in the face of an impending storm and not staying near shore but heading into the center of the lake were factors that lead to the suspension.

A recommendation for criminal charges against Captain Wethern by United States District Attorney was also included in the report.[17] Charges were never filed against Captain Wethern following the release of the report, however,[4] and his return to sailing was hailed by his peers, who continued to feel he had been unfairly treated up until his death on April 22nd, 1929.[25]

Salvage operations

It was reported in August 1890 that the wreckage of the Sea Wing was raised by the crew of the steamer Edward S. Durant Jr. The hull, engines and barge were recovered and purchased by the former owner of the Sea Wing, but the boilers were not recovered at that time.[26] The Sea Wing was overhauled and reentered service in April, 1894,[27] once more under the command of Captain Wethern.[28] He sailed Sea Wing on the Mississippi River for the next six years, until the boat was retired and scrapped in 1900.[29]

References

  1. ^ a b Budig, T.W. "Day-long excursion on Lake Pepin turns into one of the deadliest disasters on Upper Mississippi". EMC. Archived from the original on 2008-04-17. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
  2. ^ Seeley, Mark W. (2006). Minnesota Weather Almanac. Minnesota Historical Society press. pp. 185–186. ISBN 0-87351-554-4.
  3. ^ "The Ill-Fated Sea Wing". The Indianapolis Journal. 18 July 1890. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  4. ^ a b Brown, Curt (April 2, 2015). "Minnesota History: Most deadly shipwreck is least known". StarTribune. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
  5. ^ Buding, T.W. "98 people killed Day-long excursion on Lake Pepin turns into one of the deadliest disasters on Upper Mississippi". ECM Publishers, Inc. Archived from the original on 17 April 2008. Retrieved 11 March 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  6. ^ a b c "The Horse Has Gone Now Comes The Official Inquiry Concerning The Barn Door". St. Paul Daily Globe. July 22, 1890. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  7. ^ "The Lake Pepin Disaster". No. 41. The Deseret Weekly. July 26, 1890. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
  8. ^ "Riverboats get Kraft touch". South Washington County Bulletin. 7 February 2003. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  9. ^ a b Johnson, Frederick L. (17 January 2017). "Shipwrecked on Lake Pepin: The Sea Wing disaster". MINNPOST. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
  10. ^ "Giving Up Its Dead". The Pittsburgh Dispatch. 15 July 1890. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  11. ^ "The Sea Wing Tragedy". Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  12. ^ a b c Remington, Harry (4 November 1934). "When death rode a tornado: The sea wing tragedy on Lake Pepin". Minneapolis Sunday Tribune. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  13. ^ "Story of ill-fated Belle Mac and of Sea Wing and J. S. told by "old timers"". La Crosse Tribune. 27 May 1916. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  14. ^ a b "Is He In Durance?". St. Paul Daily Globe. July 16, 1890. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  15. ^ "A Mournful Scene". Wood County Reporter. 24 July 1890. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  16. ^ "The Death List". The Black Hills Union. July 18, 1890. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  17. ^ a b c "The Law Invoked". St. Paul Daily Globe. August 23, 1890. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  18. ^ "The Sea Wing Inquiry". St. Paul Daily Globe. July 24, 1890. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  19. ^ "Notes and Opinions". No. 16. Door County Advocate. August 9, 1890. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  20. ^ "The Sea Wing Disaster". St. Paul Daily Globe. August 1, 1890. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  21. ^ "Bad For Wethern". St. Paul Daily Globe. July 26, 1890. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  22. ^ "Conflicting Testimony". St. Paul Daily Globe. July 29, 1890. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  23. ^ "Government To Investigate". The Evening Star. 17 July 1890. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  24. ^ "His License Gone". St. Paul Daily Globe. August 21, 1890. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  25. ^ "Pepin Tragedy Spectre Rises As Sea Wing Captain Dies". Minneapolis Journal. April 24, 1929. pp. 1, 33. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
  26. ^ "The News Briefly Chronicled". The Worthington Advance. August 21, 1890. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  27. ^ "The Northwest". Minneapolis Daily Times. April 26, 1894. p. 2. Retrieved October 7, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. ^ McCann, Dennis (2017). This Storied River: Legend & Lore of the Upper Mississippi. Wisconsin Historical Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-87020-784-6. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  29. ^ "Sea Wing (Rafter, 1888-1900)". University of Wisconsin Digital Collections. University of Wisconsin-La Crosse. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Wing_disaster