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The Polyporaceae (/pɔːliːpoʊreɪsiˌaɪ,-siːˌiː/) are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft (as in the case of the dryad's saddle illustrated) to very tough. Most members of this family have their hymenium (fertile layer) in vertical pores on the underside of the caps, but some of them have gills (e.g. Panus) or gill-like structures (such as Daedaleopsis, whose elongated pores form a corky labyrinth). Many species are brackets, but others have a definite stipe – for example, Polyporus badius.
Most of these fungi have white spore powder but members of the genus Abundisporus have colored spores and produce yellowish spore prints. Cystidia are absent.
Taxonomy
In his 1838 work Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici seu Synopsis Hymenomycetum, Elias Magnus Fries introduced the "Polyporei".[3]August Corda published the name validly the following year, retaining Fries's concept.[1] American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill, in a series of publications in the early 1900s, classified the polypores into a more organized family of 78 genera, including 29 that were monotypic, and 39 that were new to science.[4] Around the same time as Murrill, Curtis Gates Lloyd devoted considerable effort in sorting polypore taxonomy, and amassed a large and diverse collection of fruit bodies from around the world.[5] In his 1953 monograph The Polyporaceae of the European U.S.S.R. and Caucasia, Apollinarii Semenovich Bondartsev included 54 genera in the Polyporaceae, which he further divided into five subfamilies and 10 tribes.[6] Several works contributing to the systematics of the Polyporaceae were published in the following decades, including Marinus Anton Donk (1960, 1964),[7][8]Gordon Heriot Cunningham (1965),[9] and David Pegler (1973).[10]
Genera
As of April 2018, Index Fungorum accepts 114 genera and 1621 species in the Polyporaceae:[11]
In a proposed family-level classification of the Polyporales based on molecular phylogenetics, Alfredo Justo and colleagues propose synonymizing the Ganodermataceae with the Polyporaceae, and accept 44 genera in this family: Abundisporus, Amauroderma, Cerarioporia, Colospora, Cryptoporus, Datronia, Datroniella, Dendrodontia, Dentocorticium, Dichomitus, Donkioporia, Earliella, Echinochaete, Epithele, Favolus, Fomes, Fomitella, Ganoderma, Grammothele, Grammothelopsis, Hexagonia, Haploporus, Hornodermoporus, Lentinus, Lignosus, Lopharia, Megasporia, Megasporoporia, Melanoderma, Microporellus, Microporus, Neodatronia, Neofavolus, Pachykytospora, Perenniporia, Perenniporiella, Pseudofavolus, Pyrofomes, Tinctoporellus, Tomophagus, Trametes, Truncospora, Vanderbylia, and Yuchengia.[2]
Murrill, William A. (1907). "North American flora 9. Part 1". New York: The New York Botanical Garden. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Murrill, William A. (1908). "North American flora 9. Part 2". New York: The New York Botanical Garden. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Murrill, William A. (1905). "The Polyporaceae of North America: XII. A synopsis of the white and bright-colored pileate species". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 32 (9): 469–494. doi:10.2307/2478463. JSTOR2478463.
^Cunningham, G.H. (1965). "Polyporaceae of New Zealand". New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin. 164: 1–304.
^Pegler, D.N. (1973). "Aphyllophorales IV. Poroid families". In Ainsworth, G.C.; Sparrow, F.K.; Sussaman, A.S. (eds.). The Fungi IV-B an advance treatise. Vol. IV B. New York and London: Academic press. pp. 397–420.
^Murrill, William Alphonso (1905). "The Polyporaceae of North America: XII. A synopsis of the white and bright-colored pileate species". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 32 (9): 469–494. doi:10.2307/2478463. JSTOR2478463.
^Heim, R. (1966). "Breves diagnoses latinae novitatum genericarum specificarumque nuper descriptarum". Revue de Mycologie. 30: 231–241.
^Bondartsev, A.; Ljubarsky, L.V. (1963). "Genus novum et species novae Polyporacearum in Oriente extremo inventae". Botanicheskie Materialy Otdela Sporovyh Rastenij Botanicheskogo Instituti Imeni V.L. Komarova. 16: 125–133.
^Yuan, H.S.; Qin, W.M. (2018). "Multiple genes phylogeny and morphological characters reveal Dextrinoporus aquaticus gen. et sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from southern China". Mycological Progress. 17 (6): 773–780. Bibcode:2018MycPr..17..773Y. doi:10.1007/s11557-018-1392-7. S2CID46980180.
^Chang-Lin Zhao; Xin-Sheng He; Kun-Yuan Wanghe; Bao-Kai Cui; Yu-Cheng Dai (2014). "Flammeopellis bambusicola gen. et. sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis". Mycological Progress. 13 (3): 771–780. Bibcode:2014MycPr..13..771Z. doi:10.1007/s11557-014-0960-8. S2CID15028386.
^ abLi, Hai-Jiao; Cui, Bao-Kai (2013). "Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Megasporoporia and its related genera". Mycologia. 105 (2): 368–383. doi:10.3852/12-114. PMID23099513. S2CID27669415.
^Sotome, Kozue; Akagi, Yasunori; Lee, Su See; Ishikawa, Noemia K.; Hattori, Tsutomu (2013). "Taxonomic study of Favolus and Neofavolus gen. nov. segregated from Polyporus (Basidiomycota, Polyporales)". Fungal Diversity. 58 (1): 245–266. doi:10.1007/s13225-012-0213-6. S2CID11066884.
^Kotlába, F.; Pouzar, Z. (1963). "A new genus of the Polypores –Pachykytospora gen. nov". Ceská Mykologie. 17 (1): 27–34.
^Wu, Zi-Qiang; Liu, Wei-Li; Wang, Zheng-Hui; Zhao, Chang-Lin (2017). "Perenniporiopsis, a new polypore genus segregated from Perenniporia (Polyporales)". Cryptogamie, Mycologie. 38 (3): 285–299. doi:10.7872/crym/v38.iss3.2017.285. S2CID90297945.
^Ji, Xiao-Hong; Wu, Fang (2017). "Pseudomegasporoporia neriicola gen. et sp. nov. (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) from East Asia". Nova Hedwigia. 105 (3–4): 435–443. doi:10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2017/0424.
^Hattori, Tsutomu (2003). "Type studies of the polypores described by E.J.H. Corner from Asia and West Pacific Areas. VI. Species described in Tyromyces (3), Cristelloporia, Grifola, Hapalopilus, Heterobasidion, Ischnoderma, Loweporus and Steccherinum". Mycoscience. 44 (6): 453–463. doi:10.1007/s10267-003-0139-7. S2CID86230358.
^Rajchenberg, Mario (1994). "A taxonomic study of the subantarctic Piptoporus (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycetes) I". Nordic Journal of Botany. 14 (4): 435–449. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1994.tb00629.x.
^Xu, L.W.; Zhao, J.D. (1980). "[A new genus of Polyporaceae from China]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica" (in Chinese). 20: 236–239. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Ryvarden, L. (1973). "New genera in the Polyporaceae". Norwegian Journal of Botany. 20 (1): 1–5.
^Tomsovsky, M. (2008). "Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic position of Trametes cervina and description of the new genus Trametopsis". Czech Mycology. 60 (1): 1–11. doi:10.33585/cmy.60101.
^Reid, D.A. (1973). "A reappraisal of type and authentic specimens of Basidiomycetes in the van der Byl herbarium, Stellenbosch". South African Journal of Botany. 39 (2): 141–178.
^Zhao, Chang-Lin; Cui, Bao-Kai; Steffen, Karl Timo (2013). "Yuchengia, a new polypore genus segregated from Perenniporia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)". Mycoscience. 31 (3): 331–338. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00003.x.