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Irene Dunne | |
|---|---|
 Studio headshot of Dunne, c. 1938 | |
| Born | Irene Marie Dunn December 20, 1898[1][2] Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Died | September 4, 1990 (aged 91) Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Other names |
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| Alma mater | |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1920–1987 |
| Known for | |
| Title |
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| Political party | Republican |
| Board member of |
|
| Spouse |
Francis Dennis Griffin
(m. 1927; died 1965) |
| Children | 1 |
| Awards | See list |
| Musical career | |
| Genres |
|
| Instrument |
|
| Labels | Decca Records |
| Website | irenedunneguild |
Irene Dunne DHS (born Irene Marie Dunn;[Note 1] December 20, 1898 – September 4, 1990) was an American actress who appeared in films during the Golden Age of Hollywood. She is best known for her comedic roles, though she performed in films of other genres.
After her father died when she was 14, Dunne's family relocated from Kentucky to Indiana. She was determined to become an opera singer, but when she was rejected by The Met, she performed in musicals on Broadway until she was scouted by RKO and made her Hollywood film debut in the musical Leathernecking (1930). She later starred in the successful musical Show Boat (1936). Overall, she starred in 42 movies and was nominated five times for the Academy Award for Best Actress—for her performances in the western drama Cimarron (1931), the screwball comedies Theodora Goes Wild (1936) and The Awful Truth (1937), the romance Love Affair (1939), and the drama I Remember Mama (1948). Dunne is considered one of the finest actresses never to have won an Academy Award. Some critics feel that her performances have been underappreciated and largely forgotten, often overshadowed by later remakes and better-known co-stars.
After the success of The Awful Truth, she was paired with Cary Grant, her co-star in that movie, two further times; in another screwball comedy, My Favorite Wife (1940), and in the melodrama Penny Serenade (1941). She has been praised by many during her career, and after her death, as one of the best comedic actresses in the screwball genre. The popularity of Love Affair also led to two additional movies with her co-star of that film, Charles Boyer; those were When Tomorrow Comes (1939) and Together Again (1944). Her last film role was in 1952 but she starred in and hosted numerous television anthology episodes until 1962 after having done numerous radio performances from the late 1930s until the early 1950s. She was nicknamed "The First Lady of Hollywood" for her regal manner despite being proud of her Irish-American, country-girl roots.
Dunne devoted her retirement to philanthropy and was chosen by President Dwight D. Eisenhower as a delegate for the United States to the United Nations, in which she advocated world peace and highlighted refugee-relief programs. She also used the time to be with her family—her husband, dentist Dr. Francis Griffin, and their daughter Mary Frances, whom they adopted in 1938. She received numerous awards for her philanthropy, including honorary doctorates, a Laetare Medal from the University of Notre Dame, and a papal knighthood—Dame of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre. In 1985, she was awarded a Kennedy Center Honor for her services to the arts.
Irene Marie Dunn was born on December 20, 1898,[1][2] at 507 East Gray Street in Louisville, Kentucky,[9] to Joseph John Dunn, an Irish-American steamboat engineer/inspector for the United States government,[10] and Adelaide Antoinette Dunn (née Henry), a concert pianist/music teacher of German descent from Newport, Kentucky.[11] She was their second child and second daughter,[12] and had a younger brother named Charles;[13][14] Dunne's elder sister died soon after her birth.[12] The family alternated between living in Kentucky and St. Louis,[12] due to her father's job offers, but he died in April 1913[15][16] from a kidney infection[17] when she was fourteen.[Note 2] She saved all of his letters and both remembered and lived by what he told her the night before he died: "Happiness is never an accident. It is the prize we get when we choose wisely from life's great stores."[Note 3][20]
Following her father's death, Dunne's family moved to her mother's hometown of Madison, Indiana,[22] living on W. Second St.,[23] in the same neighborhood as Dunne's grandparents.[24] Dunne's mother taught her to play the piano as a very small girl — according to Dunne, "Music was as natural as breathing in our house,"[20] — but unfortunately for her, music lessons frequently prevented her from playing with the neighborhood kids.[12] Her first school production of A Midsummer Night's Dream began her interest in drama,[25] so she took singing lessons as well, and sang in local churches and high school plays before her graduation in 1916.[26] Wanting to become a music teacher,[27] she studied at the Indianapolis Conservatory of Music,[28][23] earning a diploma in 1918. Later, she auditioned for the Chicago Musical College when she visited friends during a journey to Gary, Indiana, and won a college scholarship, officially graduating in 1926.[29] Hoping to become a soprano opera singer, she moved to New York after finishing her second year in 1920, but failed two auditions with the Metropolitan Opera Company due to her inexperience and her "slight" voice.[30][31]
Dunne took more singing lessons and then dancing lessons to prepare for a possible career in musical theater.[12] On a New York vacation to visit family friends, she was recommended to audition for a stage musical,[20] eventually starring as the leading role in the popular play Irene,[12] which toured major cities as a roadshow throughout 1921.[3][32] "Back in New York," Dunne reflected, "I thought that with my experience on the road and musical education it would be easy to win a role. It wasn't."[20] Her Broadway debut was December 25 the following year as Tessie in Zelda Sears's The Clinging Vine.[33] She understudied Peggy Wood, playing the role several times in February 1923.[34] She then obtained the leading role when the original actress took a leave of absence in 1924.[20] She replaced Leeta Corder in the lead role of Virginia Warewell in Ginger (1923) for the final few weeks on the production.[35][36] She was also a replacement in Lollipop (1924) on Broadway.[37] Supporting roles in musical theater productions followed in the shows The City Chap (1925),[38][39] Yours Truly (1927)[40] and She's My Baby (1928).[41][42] Her first top-billing, leading role Luckee Girl (1928)[43] was not as successful as her previous projects.[12] She would later call her career beginnings "not great furor."[20] At this time, Dunne added the extra "e" to her surname,[Note 4][5] which had ironically been misspelled as "Dunne" at times throughout her life until this point;[45][46] until her death, "Dunne" would then occasionally be misspelled as "Dunn".[47][48] Starring as Magnolia Hawks in a road company adaptation of Show Boat was the result of a chance meeting with its director Florenz Ziegfeld Jr.[Note 5] in an elevator the day she returned from her honeymoon,[50] when he mistook her for his next potential client, eventually sending his secretary to chase after her.[20][Note 6] A talent scout for RKO Pictures attended a performance,[12] and Dunne signed the studio's contract, appearing in her first movie, Leathernecking (1930),[53] an adaptation of the musical Present Arms.[54] Already in her 30s when she made her first film, she would be in competition with younger actresses for roles, and found it advantageous to evade questions that would reveal her age, so publicists encouraged the belief that she was born in 1901 or 1904;[5][55] the former is the date engraved on her tombstone.[56][12]
The "Hollywood musical" era had fizzled out, so Dunne moved to dramatic roles during the Pre-Code era, leading a successful campaign for the role of Sabra in Cimarron (1931) with her soon-to-be co-star Richard Dix,[57] earning her first Best Actress nomination.[58] A Photoplay review declared, "[This movie] starts Irene Dunne off as one of our greatest screen artists."[59] Other dramas included Back Street (1932)[60] and No Other Woman (1933);[61] for Magnificent Obsession (1935),[62] she reportedly studied Braille and focused on her posture with blind consultant Ruby Fruth.[63] This was after she and Dix reunited for Stingaree (1934),[64] where overall consensus from critics was that Dunne had usurped Dix's star power.[65][66][67] Under a new contract with Warner Bros.,[68] the remake of Sweet Adeline (1934)[68][69] and Roberta (1935)[70] were Dunne's first two musicals since Leathernecking. Roberta also starred dancing partners Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, and Dunne sang four songs including "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes".[Note 7] In 1936, she starred as Magnolia Hawks in Show Boat (1936), directed by James Whale.[72] Dunne had concerns about Whale's directing decisions,[73] but she later admitted that her favorite scene to film was "Make Believe" with Allan Jones because the blocking reminded her of Romeo and Juliet.[74] It was during this year that Dunne's Warner Bros. contract had expired and she had decided to become a freelance actor,[5] with the power to choose studios and directors.[75] She was apprehensive about attempting her first comedy role as the title character in Theodora Goes Wild (1936),[76] but discovered that she enjoyed the production process,[77] and received her second Best Actress Oscar nomination for the performance.[76]
Dunne followed Theodora Goes Wild with other romantic and comedic roles. The Awful Truth (1937)[78] was the first of three films also starring Cary Grant and was later voted the 68th best comedy in American cinema history by the American Film Institute.[79] Their screwball comedy My Favorite Wife (1940)[80] was praised as an excellent spiritual successor,[81][82] whereas Penny Serenade (1941)[83] was a "romantic comedy that frequently embraced melodrama."[84] Dunne also starred in three films with Charles Boyer: Love Affair (1939),[85] When Tomorrow Comes (1939),[86] and Together Again (1944).[87] Love Affair was such an unexpected critical and financial success that the rest of Dunne and Boyer's films were judged against it;[88][89] When Tomorrow Comes was considered the most disappointing of the "trilogy,"[90][89] and the advertising for Together Again promoted the actors' reunion more than the movie.[91] Dunne and Grant were praised as one of the best romantic comedy couples,[92] while the Dunne and Boyer pairing was praised as the most romantic in Hollywood.[93]
On her own, Dunne showed versatility through many film genres. Critics praised her comedic skills in Unfinished Business (1941)[94] and Lady in a Jam (1942),[95] despite both movies' negative reception.[96][97] When the United States entered the Second World War, Dunne participated in celebrity war bond tours around the country,[98] announcing at a rally in 1942, "This is no time for comedy. I'm now a saleswoman, I sell bonds."[99] She followed the tour with her only two war films: A Guy Named Joe (1943)[Note 8] and The White Cliffs of Dover (1944).[102] Despite A Guy Named Joe's troubled production and mixed reviews, it was one of the most successful films of the year.[103] Over 21 (1945)[104] was Dunne's return to comedy but the themes of war (such as her character's husband enlisting in the army) immediately dated the story,[105][106] which may have contributed to its lack of success.[107] Strong but ladylike motherly roles in the vein of Cimarron's Sabra would follow throughout her next films,[108] such as Anna Leonowens in the fictionalized biopic Anna and the King of Siam (1946),[109] and mothers Vinnie Day in Life with Father (1947),[110] and Marta Hanson in I Remember Mama (1948).[111] Dunne openly disliked Vinnie's ditziness and had rejected Life with Father numerous times,[112] eventually taking the role because "it seemed to be rewarding enough to be in a good picture that everyone will see."[113] For I Remember Mama, Dunne worked on her Norwegian accent with dialect coach Judith Sater,[114] and wore body padding to appear heavier;[30][115] Marta Hanson was her fifth and final Best Actress nomination.
Dunne's last three films were box-office failures.[116] The comedy Never a Dull Moment (1950) was accused of trying too hard.[117][118] Dunne was excited to portray Queen Victoria in The Mudlark (1950)[119] for a chance to "hide" behind a role with heavy makeup and latex prosthetics.[30][120] It was a success in the UK, despite initial critical concern over the only foreigner in a British film starring as a well-known British monarch,[121] but her American fans disapproved of the prosthetic decisions.[30] The comedy It Grows on Trees (1952) became Dunne's last movie performance,[122] although she remained on the lookout for suitable film scripts for years afterwards.[123] She filmed a television pilot based on Cheaper by the Dozen that was not picked up.[30] On the radio, she and Fred MacMurray respectively played a feuding editor and reporter of a struggling newspaper in the 52-episode comedy-drama Bright Star, which aired in syndication between 1952 and 1953 by the Ziv Company.[124][125] She also starred in and hosted episodes of television anthologies, such as Ford Theatre, General Electric Theater, and the Schlitz Playhouse of Stars. Faye Emerson wrote in 1954, "I hope we see much more of Miss Dunne on TV,"[126] and Nick Adams called Dunne's performance in Saints and Sinners worthy of an Emmy nomination.[127] Dunne's last acting credit was in 1962, but she was once rumored to star in unmaterialized movies named Heaven Train[128] and The Wisdom of the Serpent,[129] and rejected an offer to cameo in Airport '77.[130] In 1954, Hedda Hopper reported a rumor that Dunne would star alongside Robert Mitchum in Charles Laughton's stage adaptation of The Web and the Rock.[131] "I never formally retired," Dunne later explained, "but an awful lot of the girls my age soldiered on in bad vehicles. [I] couldn't run around with an ax in my hand like Bette [Davis] and Joan [Crawford] did to keep things going."[30]
Dunne was a presenter at the 1950 BAFTAs when she was in London filming The Mudlark,[132] and then represented Hollywood for the 12th Venice International Film Festival in 1951.[133] She later appeared at 1953's March of Dimes showcase in New York City to introduce two little girls nicknamed the Poster Children, who performed a dramatization about polio research.[134]
She accepted Walt Disney's offer to present at Disneyland's "Dedication Day" in 1955, and christened the Mark Twain Riverboat with a bottle containing water from several major rivers across the United States.[9][135][136] Years before, Dunne had also christened the SS Carole Lombard.[137][138]
Dunne was the only actress to be appointed a member of the California Arts Commission between 1967 and 1970.[139][140][141] The three years were spent developing a museum exhibit called "Dimension" for visually impaired visitors[142] which officially opened on January 12, 1970,[140] in the M.H. de Young Memorial Museum,[143][140] and toured California for eleven months.[144] Dunne recorded a talking booklet,[145] explaining the history of the 30 sculptures on display and inviting guests to touch.[144]
During the Second World War, Dunne joined the Beverly Hills United Service Organization,[146] and co-founded the Clark Gable's Hollywood Victory Committee.[98] It organized servicemen entertainment and war-bond sales tours on behalf of willing Hollywood participants.[Note 9] The National War Savings Program awarded her a certificate for her work from their Treasury Department.[146]
In her retirement, she devoted herself primarily to humanitarianism.[147] Some of the organizations she worked with include the Sister Kenny Foundation,[148] the American Cancer Society[9] (becoming Chairwoman of its Field Army in 1948),[149][150] the Los Angeles Orphanage,[151] the Archdiocesan Council of Catholic Women,[139] and was Co-Chairman of the American Red Cross.[150][9][152] She was elected president of Santa Monica's St. John's Hospital and Health Clinic[151] in 1950[153] (she resigned in 1966 to work in the developing council)[154] and became a board member of Technicolor in 1965, the first woman ever elected to the board of directors.[155][156] She established an African American school for Los Angeles,[157] negotiated donations to St. John's through box office results,[158][159] and Hebrew University Rebuilding Fun's sponsors committee.[139][160] Harold Stassen appointed her chairwoman for the American Heart Association's[161][9] women's committee on February 7, 1949,[139][157][162] and she held the position until February 28.[163] She appeared in a celebrity-rostered television special Benefit Show for Retarded Children (1955)[47] with Jack Benny as host.[164] Dunne also donated to refurbishments in Madison, Indiana, funding the manufacture of Camp Louis Ernst Boy Scout's gate in 1939[165] and the Broadway Fountain's 1976 restoration.[9][166] In 1987, she founded the Irene Dunne Guild, a foundation which remains "instrumental in raising funds to support programs and services at St. John's."[167] It was reported that the Guild had raised $20 million by the time of her death.[168]
Dunne reflected in 1951: "If I began living in Hollywood today, I would certainly do one thing that I did when I arrived, and that is to be active in charity. If one is going to take something out of a community—any community—one must put something in, too."[169] She also hoped that charity would encourage submissive women to find independence: "I wish women would be more direct. [...] I was amazed when some quiet little mouse of a woman was given a job which seemed to be out of all proportion to her capabilities. Then I saw the drive with which she undertook that job and put it through to a great finish. It was both inspiring and surprising. I want women to be individuals. They should not lean on their husbands' opinions and be merely echoes of the men of the family[.]"[170]
In 1957, President Eisenhower appointed Dunne one of five alternative U.S. delegates to the United Nations in recognition of her interest in international affairs and Roman Catholic and Republican causes.[171] Dunne admired the U.N.'s dedication to creating world peace,[172][173] and was inspired by colleagues' beliefs that Hollywood influenced the world.[174] On September 12, she was sworn in with Herman B. Wells, Walter H. Judd, A. S. J. Carnahan, Philip M. Klutznick and George Meany.[175] She held delegacy for two years and addressed the General Assembly twice.[176] She gave her delegacy its own anthem: "Getting to Know You" because "it's so simple, and yet so fundamental in international relations today."[177] Dunne later described her Assembly request for $21 million to help Palestinian refugees as her "biggest thrill,"[178] and called her delegacy career the "highlight of my life."[179] She also concluded, "I came away greatly impressed with the work the U.N. does in its limited field—and it does have certain limits. I think we averted a serious situation in Syria, which might have been much worse without a forum to hear it... And I'm much impressed with the work the U.N. agencies do. I'm especially interested in UNICEF's work with children[,] and the health organization [.]"[180]
Dunne was a lifelong Republican and served as a member of the Californian delegation in 1948's Republican National Convention and campaigned for Thomas Dewey in the 1944 United States presidential election[181] and Ronald Reagan in the 1966 California gubernatorial election.[182][183] She accepted the U.N. delegacy offer because she viewed the U.N. as apolitical.[184][185] She later explained: "I'm a Nixon Republican, not a Goldwater one.[Note 10] I don't like extremism in any case. The extreme rights do as much harm as the extreme lefts."[187] Her large input in politics created an assumption that she was a member of the "Hollywood right-wing fringe," which Dunne denied, calling herself "foolish" for being involved years before other celebrities did.[184]
Dunne's father frequently told Dunne about his memories of traveling on bayous and lazy rivers.[188] Dunne's favorite family vacations were riverboat rides and parades, later recalling a voyage from St. Louis to New Orleans,[189] and watching boats on the Ohio River from the hillside.[190][188] She admitted, "No triumph of either my stage or screen career has ever rivaled the excitement of trips down the Mississippi on the riverboats with my father."[20]
Dunne was an avid golfer, playing the sport since high-school graduation;[12] her husband and she often played against each other and she made a hole in one in two different games.[157] They often socialized with Californian business people,[191][130] but she was good friends with Loretta Young,[192] Jimmy Stewart,[192] Bob Hope,[192] Rosalind Russell,[193][191] Van Johnson,[193] Ronald Reagan,[130] Carole Lombard,[194][195] and George Stevens Jr.,[130] and became godmother to Young's son, Peter.[196] She and Charles Boyer's blossoming friendship in Love Affair seeped through the movie so strongly,[197] they wrote essays about each other in the October issue of Photoplay.[198][199] Dunne also bonded with Leo McCarey over numerous similar interests, such as their Irish ancestry, music, religious backgrounds,[Note 11] and humor.[201] School friends nicknamed her "Dunnie"[25] and she was referred to as this in Madison High School's 1916 yearbook, along with the description "divinely tall and most divinely fair."[12] John Cromwell, however, reportedly described her as "always [having] the look of a cat who had swallowed the canary."[202]
Dunne was popular with co-workers off-camera, earning a reputation as warm and approachable, and having a "poised, gracious manner"[203] like royalty,[136] which spilled into her persona in movies. On observing life behind the scenes of a typical day of filming in Hollywood, Jimmie Fidler noted, "There is something about Irene Dunne that makes every man in the room unconsciously straighten his tie."[204] Dunne earned the nickname "The First Lady of Hollywood"[136] because "she was the first real lady Hollywood has ever seen," said Leo McCarey,[205] with Gregory La Cava adding, "If Irene Dunne isn't the first lady of Hollywood, then she's the last one."[206] Ironically, this title had been bestowed on her when she was a little girl when an aunt cooed "What a little lady!"[203] When approached about the nickname in 1936, Dunne admitted it had grown tiresome but approved if it was meant as "the feminine counterpart of 'gentleman'";[207] a later interview she did have with the Los Angeles Times would ironically be titled "Irene Dunne, Gentlewoman."[173]
Her fashion tastes were often the talk of newspapers,[208][209] and Best Dressed lists featured her as one of the most stylish celebrities in the world.[210][211] Dunne explained in a 1939 fashion-advice interview that her husband was partially responsible because he was equally stylish, but also chooses outfits based on personality, color scheme and the context of where the outfits will be worn.[209] McCall's magazine later revealed Dunne chose outfits specifically designed for her by Mainbocher and Jean Louis because she did not like buying clothes in stores.[191]
One of Dunne's later public appearances was in April 1985, when she attended the unveiling of a bronze bust in her honor at St. John's Hospital and Health Clinic. The artwork, commissioned by the hospital from artist Artis Lane, has a plaque reading "IRENE DUNNE First Lady Of Saint John's Hospital and Health Center Foundation."[212][213]
Between 1919 and 1922, Dunne was close to Fritz Ernst, a businessman based in Chicago who was 20 years older than she, and a member of one of the richest families in Madison, Indiana.[214] They frequently corresponded while Dunne was training for musical theater but when Fritz proposed, Dunne declined, due to pressure from her mother and wanting to focus on acting.[214] They remained friends and continued writing letters until Ernst died in 1959.[215]
At a New York, Biltmore Hotel supper party in 1924, Dunne met Northampton, Massachusetts-born dentist[216] Francis Griffin.[20][217] According to Dunne, he preferred being a bachelor, yet tried everything he could to meet her.[20] To her frustration, he did not telephone her until over a month later, but the relationship strengthened and they married in Manhattan on July 13, 1927.[218] They had constantly argued about the state of their careers if they ever got married,[20] with Dunne agreeing to consider theater retirement sometime in the future and Griffin agreeing to support Dunne's acting.[219] Griffin later explained: "I didn't like the moral tone of show business. [...] Then Ziegfeld signed her for Show Boat and it looked like she was due for big things. Next came Hollywood and [she] was catapulted to the top. Then I didn't feel I could ask her to drop her career. [I] really didn't think marriage and the stage were compatible but we loved each other and we were both determined to make our marriage work."[220]
When Dunne decided to star in Leathernecking, it was meant to be her only Hollywood project, but when it was a box-office bomb, she took an interest in Cimarron.[20] Soon after, she and her mother moved to Hollywood and maintained a long-distance relationship with her husband and brother in New York until they joined her in California in 1936.[221] A family friend described their dynamic as "like two pixies together,"[191] and they remained married until Griffin's death on October 14, 1965,[222][223] living in the Holmby Hills in a "kind of French Chateau"[224] they designed.[225][Note 12] A hobby they both shared was astronomy.[226][227] Griffin explained the marriage had lasted so long because: "When she had to go on location for a film I arranged my schedule so I could go with her. When I had to go out of town she arranged her schedule so she could be with me. We co-operate in everything. [...] I think a man married to a career woman in show business has to be convinced that his wife's talent is too strong to be dimmed or put out. Then, he can be just as proud of her success as she is and, inside he can take a bow himself for whatever help he's been."[220] Due to Dunne's privacy,[Note 13] Hollywood columnists struggled to find scandals to write about her—an eventual interview with Photoplay included the disclaimer, "I can guarantee no juicy bits of intimate gossip. Unless, perhaps she lies awake nights heartsick about the kitchen sink in her new home. She's afraid it's too near to the door. Or would you call that juicy? No? No, I thought not."[228] When the magazines alleged that Dunne and Griffin would divorce, Griffin released a statement denying any marital issues.[229]
After retiring from dentistry, Griffin became Dunne's business manager[130] and helped negotiate her first contract.[230] The couple became interested in real estate, later investing in the Beverly Wilshire[130] and throughout Las Vegas[231] (including co-founding and chairing the board of Huntridge Corporation),[232][233][234][235] and partnering with Griffin's family's businesses (Griffin Equipment Company and The Griffin Wellpoint Company.)[220] Griffin sat as a board member of numerous banks,[220] but his offices were relocated from Century City to their home after his death, when Dunne took over as president.[187] They had one daughter, Mary Frances (née Anna Mary Bush; 1935[Note 14] – 2020),[237] who was adopted by the couple in 1936 (finalized in 1938) from the New York Foundling Hospital, run by the Sisters of Charity of New York.[238][236]
Dunne was a devout Catholic laywoman,[239][240] who became a daily communicant.[241] She was a member of the Church of the Good Shepherd and the Catholic Motion Picture Guild in Beverly Hills, California.[242] In 1953, Pope Pius XII[243] awarded Dunne and her husband papal knighthoods as Dame[Note 15] and Knight of the Holy Sepulchre, respectively.[245][56] Griffin also became a Knight of Malta in 1949.[246]
Dunne died at the age of 91 in her Holmby Hills home on September 4, 1990,[168] and was entombed four days later[247] next to her husband in the Calvary Cemetery, East Los Angeles.[56] She had been unwell for a year with an irregular heartbeat, and became bedridden about a month before.[5] The funeral was private with family friend Loretta Young being the only celebrity allowed to attend.[248][247] Her personal papers are housed at the University of Southern California.[249]
Dunne is considered one of the best actresses of The Golden Age of Hollywood never to win an Academy Award.[251][252][253][254] After I Remember Mama was released, Liberty magazine hoped she would "do a Truman" at the 1949 Oscars[255] whereas Erskine Johnson called her and Best Actor nominee Montgomery Clift the dark horses of that ceremony.[256] In 1985, Roger Fristoe said "a generation of filmgoers is mostly unfamiliar with her work" because eleven[257][252] of her movies had been remade, including Love Affair (remade as An Affair to Remember), Show Boat (remade in 1951), My Favorite Wife (remade as Move Over, Darling),[258][259] and Cimarron (remade in 1960).[136][252] Dunne explained she had lacked the "terrifying ambition" of some other actresses, commenting in 1977, "I drifted into acting and drifted out. Acting is not everything. Living is."[260][261]
| Notable remakes of Dunne's films[257] | |
|---|---|
| Cimarron | 1960 remake |
| Back Street | 1961 remake |
| Roberta | Lovely to Look At (1952) |
| Magnificent Obsession | 1954 remake |
| Show Boat | 1951 remake |
| The Awful Truth | Let's Do It Again (1953) |
| Love Affair | An Affair to Remember (1957) |
| When Tomorrow Comes | Interlude (1957) |
| My Favorite Wife | Move Over, Darling (1963) |
| A Guy Named Joe | Always (1989) |
| Anna and the King of Siam | The King and I (1956) |
Although known for her comedic roles, Dunne admitted that she never saw comedy as a worthy genre, even leaving the country to attend the London premiere of Show Boat[262] with her husband and James Whale to get away from being confronted with a script for Theodora Goes Wild.[49] "I never admired a comedienne," she said retrospectively, "yet it was very easy for me, very natural. It was no effort for me to do comedy at all. Maybe that's why I wasn't so appreciative of it."[77] She ascribed her sense of humor to her late father,[203] as well as her "Irish stubbornness."[17] Her screwball comedy characters have been praised for their subversions to the traditional characterisation of female leads in the genre, particularly Susan (Katharine Hepburn) in Bringing Up Baby and Irene (Carole Lombard) in My Man Godfrey. "Unlike the genre's stereotypical leading lady, who exhibits bonkers behaviour continuously, Dunne's screwball heroine [in Theodora Goes Wild] chooses when she goes wild," writes Wes D. Gehring,[263] who also described Dunne's screwball as situational because her characters often obfuscate wackiness to attract the male lead, and could turn it off when needed.[264]
Biographers and critics argue that Dunne's groundedness made her screwball characters more attractive than those of her contemporaries. In his review for My Favorite Wife, Bosley Crowther wrote that a "mere man is powerless" to "her luxurious and mocking laughter, her roving eyes and come-hither glances."[265] Maria DiBattista points out that Dunne is the "only comic actress working under the strictures of the Production Code" who ends both of her screwball movies alongside Cary Grant with a heavy implication of sharing a bed with him, "under the guise of keeping him at bay."[266] Frankie Teller claimed Dunne's sexiness had been overshadowed by her melodramatic movies until The Awful Truth was released.[267] Meanwhile, outside of comedy, Andrew Sarris theorized that Dunne's sex appeal is due to the common narrative in her movies about a good girl "going bad."[268] Dunne's backstage "First Lady" reputation furthered Sarris' sex appeal claims, admitting the scene when she shares a train carriage with Preston Foster in Unfinished Business was practically his "rite of passage" to a sex scene in a film,[268] theorizing that the sex appeal of Dunne came from "a good girl deciding thoughtfully to be bad."[268] On the blatant eroticism of the same train scene, Megan McGurk wrote, "The only thing that allowed this film to pass the censors was that good-girl Irene Dunne can have a one-night stand with a random because she loves him, rather than just a once-off fling. For most other women of her star magnitude, you could not imagine a heroine without a moral compass trained on true north. Irene Dunne elevates a tawdry encounter to something justifiably pure or blameless. She's just not the casual sex type, so she gets away with it."[269]
The Los Angeles Times referred to Dunne's publicity in their obituary as trailblazing, noting her as one of the first actors to become a freelancer in Hollywood during its rigid studio system through her "non-exclusive contract that gave her the right to make films at other studios and to decide who should direct them,"[75] and her involvement with the United Nations as a decision that allowed entertainers from movies and television to branch out into philanthropy and politics, such as Ronald Reagan and George Murphy.[75][270]
Dunne later said, "Cary Grant always said that I had the best timing of anybody he ever worked with."[77] Lucille Ball admitted at an American Film Institute seminar that she based her comedic skills on Dunne's performance in Joy of Living,[271] Joan Leslie called her an "outstanding example as a woman and a star."[272] Charles Boyer described her having "an irrepressible youthfulness"[198] and Ralph Bellamy described working in three films with her as "like a three-layered cake with candles[. She was] truly professional, extremely talented, and socially attractive and beautiful."[272] When asked about life after retiring from baseball, Lou Gehrig stated he would want Dunne as a screen partner if he ever became a movie actor.[273] Charles Mendl once called her one of the most attractive and fascinating women in the world "who has beauty as an accomplished actress and sophisticated conversationalist."[274] Dunne told James Bawden in 1977: "Now don't you dare call me normal. I was never a Pollyanna. There was always a lot of Theodora in me."[30]
In 2006, a historical marker was erected on 105 E. Main Street, Madison (Jefferson County, Indiana) to honor her contributions to the state of Indiana.[275]
Dunne received five Best Actress nominations during her career: for Cimarron (1931), Theodora Goes Wild (1936), The Awful Truth (1937), Love Affair (1939) and I Remember Mama (1948); she was the first actor to lose against the same actor in the same category twice, losing to Best Actress winner Luise Rainer in 1936 and 1937.[276] When asked if she ever resented never winning, Dunne pointed out that the nominees she was up against had strong support, believing that she would never have had a chance, especially when Love Affair was against Gone with the Wind.[30] "I don't mind at all," she told Joyce Haber, "Greta Garbo never got an Oscar either [and] she's a living legend."[4]
However, Dunne was honored numerous times for her philanthropy from Catholic organizations and schools, receiving the University of Notre Dame's Laetare Medal,[9] and the Bellarmine Medal from Bellarmine College.[3] She received numerous honorary doctorates,[277] including from Chicago Musical College (for music),[278] Loyola University and Mount St. Mary's College (both for Law).[9][75] For her film career, she was honored by the Kennedy Center,[279][280] a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6440 Hollywood Blvd,[281] and displays in the Warner Bros. Museum and Center for Motion Picture Study.[282] A two-sided marker was erected in Dunne's childhood hometown of Madison in 2006.[283][166]
| Award | Year | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|
| American Society for the Hard of Hearing's Best Diction Award | 1936 | [146] |
| Chicago Musical College honorary Doctor of Music | 1945 | [284][9][27] |
| Grauman's Chinese Theatre Handprints | 1946 | [285][286] |
| NCCJ's American Brotherhood Award | 1948 | [287][160][152] |
| Laetare Medal | 1949 | [9][288] |
| American Heart Association Gold Medal | [289][290] | |
| Protestant Motion Picture Council Award[Note 16] | [157] | |
| American Motherhood Pictures Award | [157] | |
| Woman's Voice of the Year | [150][292] | |
| Lateran Cross | 1951 | [184] |
| Los Angeles Times Woman of the Year | [184] | |
| New York Dress Institute's International Best Dressed Women | [210] | |
| Dame of the Holy Sepulchre | 1953 | [56][244][293] |
| Honorary member of the Madison Chamber of Commerce | 1954 | [294] |
| International Best Dressed List | 1958 | [211] |
| Indiana's Woman of the Year | [295] | |
| Loyola University honorary Law degree | [296] | |
| Seattle University honorary Law degree | 1959 | [297][298][299] |
| St. Mary's College honorary Law degree | 1964 | [244][300] |
| Bellarmine Medal | 1965 | [3][301] |
| Mannequins of the Assistance League of Southern California's Golden Eve Award | 1967 | [302] |
| Colorado Women of Achievement | 1968 | [277] |
| St. John's Hospital and Health Center's Lifetime Trustee | 1982 | [213] |
| Irene Dunne Guild bust | 1985 | [212] |
| Kennedy Center Honoree | [279] |
"Lovely to Look At" was the only song Dunne performed in a non-musical movie that entered the Billboard charts, peaking at number 20 in early June 1935.[303][304]
| Year | Single | Credits | Format | Labels (serial number) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1935 | "When I Grow Too Old to Dream"/"Lovely to Look At" |
|
78 rpm |
|
[303] |
Decca Records released Dunne's only album, titled Irene Dunne in Songs from the Pen of Jerome Kern,[Note 17] which contained recordings of six show tunes composed by Jerome Kern. It was recorded between July 16 and August 24, 1941, with Victor Young's orchestra,[309] making Dunne another singing movie star to create a Jerome Kern album.[310]
December [20], 1898
Dunn, Irene M.
Irene Dunne, who once wanted to teach music but who bypassed that vocation to become a starring actress in motion pictures, will be awarded an honorary degree of doctor of music by the Chicago Musical College.
Musical numbers on the program will be given by the following Indiana girls: Miss Wynota Cleaveland of Crawfordsville, Miss Anah Webb of Bedford, Miss Irene Dunne of Madison, Miss Lillian Prass of Lafayette...
The following Hoosier girls took part: Miss Irene Dunne, Madison, represented France...
At 3:30 WITV (Ch. 17) is telecasting the National Association for Retarded Children benefit show. Jack Benny is emceeing and everybody from Irene Dunn [sic] to Art Linkletter is in it.
Depending on which film source you read, Irene Dunne will be 81, 84 or 87 on Dec. 20. The official birth year is 1904, which makes her almost 81 and which she says sternly is correct, although in all events, "We do not think about Dec. 20. It is a day I choose to disregard."
It was nominated for Best Direction, Best Actor (Richard Dix), Best Actress (Irene Dunne) and Best Cinematography.
[Stingaree] is a preposterous tale, with Mr. Dix doing his best to prevent it from being even faintly credible.
The role [of Stingaree] gives [Richard] Dix an opportunity to return to the adventurous, twinkly-eyed roles he enacted in the early days of his success. Miss Dunne, opposite, has her first opportunity to exploit thoroughly her beautiful voice.
Sweet Adeline was announced as Irene Dunne's first starring vehicle under her new Warner Bros. contract.
[Irene Dunne said:] James Whale wasn't the right director. He was more interested in atmosphere and lighting and he knew so little about [riverboat] life.
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[The plot of My Favorite Wife] has anything to do with its very obvious resemblance to another [Leo] McCarey comedy, The Awful Truth.
[My Favorite Wife is a] no-nonsense-sequel to The Awful Truth.
[When Tomorrow Comes] does not have as much comedy in it as when Miss Dunne and Mr. Boyer presented last season when they co-starred in Love Affair.
There is something missing in When Tomorrow Comes [...] Indeed, [director John M. Stahl] has woven together the elements for a romance that is as near to actuality and as far from affection as that of the Love Affair starring effort [...] There isn't the sparkling wit of Love Affair...
Billed as an exciting and hilarious love affair, [Together Again] bought forth from the publicity department with this paragraph: 'Their eyes meet again! Their lips meet again! Their hearts meet again in this year's most glorious...enchanting...daring romantic comedy. What love! What laughter!'
Miss Dunne and Mr. Grant make the perfect team for romantic comedy [and] they are both charming people.
I don't know any more romantic pair on the screen than Irene Dunne and Charles Boyer.
On the whole, [Lady In a Jam] shouldn't happen to Irene Dunne.
Under the circumstances, the actors do exceedingly well. Miss Dunne, even though she must combine the naivete of Cinderella with the devastating wit of a Dorothy Parker, is charming.
[Over 21] must now get along as a film at the Music Hall without [the] benefit of timeliness.
With people everywhere thinking, planning, talking and breathing peace, [it] is a bit startling to [suddenly transport] back to the early days of the war.
There are some engagingly-homely touches in the comedy, but for the most part, it is given over to slapstick antics and strains too hard for its comic effects.
...its sole achievement as entertainment is the presentation of Irene Dunne in a series of rustic encounters that are about as funny as stepping on a nail.
What makes me feel so bad is that Miss Dunne is so wonderful as the movie actress with an incurable disease she is sure to be in the running for an Emmy award.
Basil O'Connor, president of the Foundatioin, opened the show. Irene Dunne introduced the 1953 March of Dimes Poster Children...
Irene Dunne, a personal friend of [Walt] Disney, will christen the Mark Twain, a 105-foot sternwheeler which plies its way around a three-quarter mile canal in Frontierland.
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Actress Irene Dunne will break the wine bottle on the S.S. Carole Lombard's steel prow...
Best of Luck – Capt. Gable, Louis B. Mayer, head of M.G.M., and Irene Dunne, waving farewells as the S.S. Carole Lombard slides down ways of Calship yards.
The purpose of the show was to make art more accessible to the blind and give the sighted a new perspective.
More recently, I've worked with heart and cancer foundations, Red Cross and especially the St. John's Hospital for which our premiere of "The Mudlark" raised $137.000 for a new building wing.
The premiere [of How the West Was Won] is sponsored by the St. John's Hospital Foundation. [...] Irene Dunne, who became president of the St. John's Hospital Foundation in 1951, was instrumental in arranging the benefit premiere.
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Dr. Francis D. Griffin, 79, husband of actress Irene Dunne, has died of a heart ailment. He died Thursday night in the couple's home after a long illness.
Fed up with speculations about a pending divorce, Frank finally issued a statement [...] At last Hollywood had to accept a working, happy marriage.
Huntridge Theater — It was opened on October 10, 1944, by film star Irene Dunne, and, for a brief time, Loretta Young was a partner.
Francis W. [sic] Griffin, Miss Dunne inherited the board chairmanship of the Huntridge Corp., a real estate development firm, after her husband's death two years ago.
She's also on the board of Technicolor, Inc., chairman of the Huntridge Corporation, a member of the Fine Arts Council of Notre Dame University.
Irene Dunne, screen actress, and her husband, Dr. Francis Griffin, have adopted a 4-year-old girl whom they have named Mary Frances Dunne, it was learned yesterday at the County Clerk's office, where the adoption order is on file.
Irene Dunne, a devout Catholic,...
Father Chase says that Miss Dunne attends Mass and receives Communion daily. "When I was stationed in Los Angeles," he declares, "she missed only two days out of an entire year."
The Guild and Good Shepherd Parish itself were soon populated by such film notables as Jackie Coogan, Neil Hamilton and Ben Turpin and in later years would include the likes of Ray Bolger, Jane Wyman, Jimmy Durante, Danny Thomas, Loretta Young, Gene Kelly, Rosalind Russell, Irene Dunne, Ricardo Montalbano [sic], Bob Newhart, Jack Haley and MacDonald Carey.
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Two active Catholics in the entertainment world, Irene Dunne and Dennis Day, were given the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem by Pius XII in 1953.
Honored with Miss Dunne was her husband, Dr. Francis S. [sic] Griffin...
Loretta Young was the only celebrity in attendance at Irene Dunne's funeral. Irene's business manager, John Larkin, said she did not want the event turned into a circus, therefore only thirty people were invited. Even President Ronald Reagan was refused when he called to request an invitation.
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Move Over, Darling is a remake of a hit filmed years ago. Cary Grant and Irene Dunne played it originally, I believe.
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Few Hollywood stars have been awarded honorary degrees. Even fewer can add M.D. to their names. Were Irene Dunne the boastful kind, she could brag about both of these distinctions, for Chicago Musical College made her an M.D. ...
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The National Conference of Christians and Jews has named Irene Dunne as the person "who has done most in 1948 to promote better understanding among peoples of all faiths."
IRENE BOWS - The film actress, Irene Dunne kneels to kiss the ring of Most Rev. Thomas A. Connolly, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Seattle, at Seattle University commencement exercises. Archbishop Connolly conferred an honorary doctor-of-laws degree on Miss Dunne.
The Los Angeles school conferred the degree on the actress yesterday "in recognition of her courageous fidelity to Catholic principles in public and private life" and for her work in cancer research organizations.
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INTERSTATE stands ready with the musical highlights on record, offering both albums and records. The albums include the following : BING CROSBY'S JEROME KERN SONGS, JEROME KERN SONGS [by] (FRED WARING), JEROME KERN SONGS (IRENE DUNNE), JEROME KERN (AL GOODMAN), JEROME KERN'S SHOW TUNES (AL GOODMAN), JEROME KERN'S MUSIC (CAPITOL ARTISTS)
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