Classification of agents that are possibly carcinogenic to humans
IARC group 2B substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances are those that have been classified as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as [ 1] limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals . It may also be used when there is insufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but sufficient evidence in experimental animals. In some cases, an agent, mixture, or exposure circumstance with inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but limited evidence in experimental animals, combined with supporting evidence from other relevant data, may be included in this group.
This list focuses on the hazard linked to the agents. This means that the carcinogenic agents are capable of causing cancer, but this does not take their risk into account, which is the probability of causing a cancer given the level of exposure to this carcinogenic agent.[ 2] [ 3]
Agents and groups of agents
A
B
C
D
Dacarbazine Dantron (Chrysazin, 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone)Daunomycin DDT (p ,p' -DDT)N,N'-Diacetylbenzidine 2,4-Diaminoanisole 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether 2,4-Diaminotoluene Dibenz[a,h ]acridine
Dibenz[c,h ]acridine
7H -Dibenzo[c,g ]carbazole
Dibenzo[a,h ]pyrene
Dibenzo[a,i ]pyrene
Dibromoacetic acid Dibromoacetonitrile 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 2,3-Dibromopropan-1-ol 1,4-Dichloro-2-nitrobenzene Dichloroacetic acid para-Dichlorobenzene 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine 3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether 1,2-Dichloroethane 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)1,3-Dichloropropene (technical grade)1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol Dichlorvos Diethanolamine Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1,2-Diethylhydrazine Diglycidyl resorcinol ether Digoxin Dihydrosafrole Diisopropyl sulfate 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine (o -Dianisidine)N,N-Dimethylacetamide para-Dimethylaminoazobenzene trans -2-[(Dimethylamino)methylimino]-5-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-vinyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole2,6-Xylidine (2,6-Dimethylaniline)Dimethylarsinic acid 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine (o -Tolidine)1,1-Dimethylhydrazine Dimethyl hydrogen phosphite Dimethyl-p-toluidine 3,7-Dinitrofluoranthene 3,9-Dinitrofluoranthene 1,3-Dinitropyrene 1,6-Dinitropyrene 1,8-Dinitropyrene 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 2,6-Dinitrotoluene 1,4-Dioxane 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine Diphenylamine Disperse Blue 1
E
F
Foreign bodies, implanted in tissues Polymeric, prepared as thin smooth films (with the exception of poly(glycolic acid))
Metallic, prepared as thin smooth films
Metallic cobalt, metallic nickel and an alloy powder containing 66-67% nickel, 13-16% chromium and 7% iron
G
H
HC Blue No. 1 Heptachlor Hexachlorobenzene Hexachloroethane Hexachlorocyclohexanes Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA)2,4-Hexadienal Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (infection with)Human papillomavirus types 26, 53, 66, 67, 70, 73, 82Human papillomavirus types 30, 34, 69, 85, 97Human papillomavirus types 5 and 8 (in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis )Hydrochlorothiazide 1-Hydroxyanthraquinone
I
J
K
L
M
Magnetic fields (extremely low frequency )Malachite green MeA-α-C (2-Amino-3-methyl-9H -pyrido[2,3-b ]indole)
Medroxyprogesterone acetate MeIQ (2-Amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f ]quinoline)
MeIQx (2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f ]quinoxaline)
Melamine Merphalan Methyl acrylate Methyl isobutyl ketone Methylarsonic acid 2-Methylaziridine (Propyleneimine)Methylazoxymethanol acetate 5-Methylchrysene 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-methylaniline)
4,4'-Methylenedianiline Methyleugenol 2-Methylimidazole 4-Methylimidazole Methylmercury compoundsN-Methylolacrylamide 1 2-Methyl-1-nitroanthraquinone (uncertain purity)N-Methyl-N-nitrosourethane Methylthiouracil α-Methylstyrene Metronidazole Michler's base (4,4'-methylene-bis(N ,N -dimethyl)benzenamine)Michler's ketone (4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone)Microcystin-LR Mirex Mitomycin C Mitoxantrone Molybdenum trioxide 3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD)Monocrotaline 5-(Morpholinomethyl)-3-[(5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-2-oxazolidinone
β-Myrcene
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Tetrachlorvinphos Tetrahydrofuran Tetranitromethane Thioacetamide 4,4'-Thiodianiline 2-Thiouracil Titanium dioxide Toluene diisocyanates Toxaphene (Polychlorinated camphenes)Triamterene Trichlormethine (Trimustine hydrochloride)Trichloroacetic acid 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol Trp-P-1 (3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H -pyrido[4,3-b ]indole)
Trp-P-2 (3-Amino-1-methyl-5H -pyrido[4,3-b ]indole)
Tungsten weapons-grade (with nickel and cobalt) alloyTrypan blue
U
V
Z
Mixtures
Aloe vera Bitumens , occupational exposure to straight-run bitumens and their emissions during road pavingBitumens , occupational exposure to hard bitumens and their emissions during mastic asphalt workCarrageenan , degraded (Poligeenan )Chlorinated paraffins of average carbon chain length C12 and average degree of chlorination approximately 60%Diesel fuel , marineEngine exhaust , gasoline Fuel oils , residual (heavy)Fusarium moniliforme fumonisin B1 , fumonisin B2 , and fusarin C )Gasoline Goldenseal root powderMagenta dyes (CI Basic Red and fuchins )
Pickled vegetables (traditional in Asia)
Toxaphene (Polychlorinated camphenes)Welding fumes
Exposure circumstances
Notes
See also
References
^ "List of Classifications, Agents classified by the IARC Monographs, Volumes 1–124" . IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Risk to Humans . IARC. July 7, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2019 .^ "IARC monographs preamble (as amended in 2019)" (PDF) . International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Retrieved August 18, 2023 . A cancer hazard is an agent that is capable of causing cancer, whereas a cancer risk is an estimate of the probability that cancer will occur given some level of exposure to a cancer hazard. ^ "List of Classifications – IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans" . monographs.iarc.who.int . Retrieved 2024-02-01 .^ Press release No 208, 31 May 2011 , IARC classifies Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans^ "Printing Processes and Printing Inks, Carbon Black and Some Nitro Compounds" . IARC Publications Website . Retrieved 2023-10-31 .^ J, Wilbourn; C, Partensky; WG., Morgan (1996). "Printing Processes and Printing Inks, Carbon Black and Some Nitro Compounds" . International Agency for Research on Cancer. PMID 9148039 . Retrieved 2023-10-31 .
External links
Prominent human carcinogens IARC lists
