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Global Greens
AbbreviationGG
Formation12 April 2001; 23 years ago (2001-04-12)
TypeInternational non-governmental organization
Legal statusAssociation
PurposeWorld network of green political parties and organizations
HeadquartersRue Wiertz 31, 1050 Brussels, Belgium[1]
Region served
Worldwide
Membership
87 political parties and 9 organizations[2]
Convenors
Bob Hale and Gloria Polanco
Main organ
Global Greens Congress
SubsidiariesGlobal Young Greens
Websitewww.globalgreens.org Edit this at Wikidata
Part of a series on
Green politics
Sunflower symbol
Core topics
Four pillars
Perspectives
Organizations
Related topics

The Global Greens (GG) is an international network of political parties and movements which work to implement the Global Greens Charter. It consists of various national green political parties, partner networks, and other organizations associated with green politics.

Formed in 2001 at the First Global Greens Congress, the network has grown to include 76 full member parties and 11 observers and associate parties as of May 2022, so a total of 87 members.[2] It is governed by a 12-member steering committee called the Global Greens Coordination, and each member party falls under the umbrella of one of four affiliated regional green federations. The day-to-day operations of the Global Greens are managed by the Secretariat, led by Global Greens Convenors Bob Hale and Gloria Polanco since 2020.

History

The world's first green parties were founded in 1972. These were in the Australian state of Tasmania (the United Tasmania Group) and in New Zealand (the Values Party). Others followed quickly: in 1973, PEOPLE (later the Ecology Party) was set up in the UK, and in other European countries Green and radical parties sprang up in the following years.[3]

Petra Kelly, a German ecofeminist activist, is often cited as one of the first thinkers and leaders of the green politics movement. Her work in founding the German Green Party in West Germany in 1980 was instrumental in bringing prominence to green political parties on both the national and international stages.

The first Planetary Meeting of the Greens was held in Rio de Janeiro on May 30–31, 1992 in conjunction with the Rio Earth Summit being concurrently held in Brazil.[4] It was here that the first ever Global Greens statement was issued, beginning with this preface:

Petra Kelly, a German ecofeminist and green politics thinker who founded the German Green Party in 1980

"Experience teaches us that governments are only moved to take environmental problems seriously when people vote for environmental political parties."[5]

The first Global Greens Congress was held in Canberra, Australia, in 2001. The official Global Greens Charter was issued here, and the Congress delegates set up the framework and organizational structures that would build the Global Greens into an ongoing international network and movement, including the Global Greens Coordination. In 2010, the first Global Greens Secretary was appointed.[3]

Global Greens Charter

The Global Greens Charter is the guiding document that establishes the principles and "core values" to which member parties and associated organizations should attempt to adhere.[6] It sets out global principles that cross boundaries to bind Greens from around the world together:

  1. Participatory Democracy
  2. Nonviolence
  3. Social Justice
  4. Sustainability
  5. Respect for Diversity
  6. Ecological Wisdom

Priorities outlined in the Charter include reforming the dominant economic model, tackling climate change, ending the hunger crisis, promoting vibrant democracy, working for peace, protecting biodiversity.

The Global Greens Charter has been reviewed and updated twice during Global Greens Congresses since its original publishing in 2001: once in Dakar, Senegal in 2012, and again in Liverpool, UK, in 2017. The updated 2017 version is offered in English, and past versions can be accessed in 11 various languages.[7]

Regional Federations of the Global Greens

The Global Greens are organized into four regional federations across the world:

Global Greens Coordination

The Global Greens has a 12-member steering committee called the Global Greens Coordination.[8] The makeup of this committee stems from three elected members from each of the four regional federations, supported by three alternates who can stand in when needed.

Global Greens Congress

The Global Greens have held five Congresses since 2001 in various locations around the world:

  1. 2001 - Canberra, Australia
  2. 2008 - São Paulo, Brazil
  3. 2012 - Dakar, Senegal
  4. 2017 - Liverpool, UK[9]
  5. 2023 - Songdo, Korea[10]

The Global Greens strives to achieve regional diversity and representation, encouraging Congress locations to represent the wide geographical spread of the organization's member parties and organizations. The latest Global Greens Congress was held in 2023 and was hosted by the Green Party Korea.[10][11]

Networks

Federation of Young European Greens demonstration in Copenhagen, during the Climate Summit 2009.

The Global Greens have five networks designed to enable global collaboration, communication and community among member parties and organizations:

  • Friends of Global Greens
    • This network is composed of Green parties, parliamentarians and activists who make recurring donations of any amount to the Global Greens.[12]
  • Global Greens LGBT+ Network
    • This network aims to:
      1. "Support LGBT+ groups within Green Parties around the world to work together and support each other;
      2. Support Green Parties looking to set up LGBT+ groups, and;
      3. Promote LGBT+ equality as outlined in the Global Greens Charter."[13]
  • Global Greens Parliamentarians Network
    • This network is composed of Green Members of Parliament from Global Greens member parties and works to fulfil the following objectives:
      1. "To be active, in a coordinated manner, in our parliaments on issues of identified global concern, in order to influence the governments of our countries, and the public whom we represent, to the goals specifically identified by the Global Greens;
      2. To develop a mutually-reinforcing and mutually-supportive network of MPs, as individuals, to help us each to become most effective in our parliamentary action, and realise our potential as movers of positive global change, and;
      3. To achieve positive change for Green goals at the global and regional levels through the strengthening of international institutions, including more parliamentarian representation and decision-making influence in those bodies."[14]
  • Global Greens Women's Network
    • This network supports the participation of Green women worldwide in democratic political processes, by focusing on:
      1. "Capacity building and empowerment: training and developing skills, such as public speaking and leadership;
      2. Governance and participation: confronting inequalities at the organizational level and exchanging best practices to tackle them and promote participation;
      3. Campaigning about major topics relevant to women: such as gender justice and climate change, and;
      4. Carrying out formal functions as part of global Greens governance: e.g. nominating women to the Asia-Pacific Greens Federation (APGF) Council."[15]
  • Global Young Greens
    • This network is a "youth-led organization supporting and uniting the efforts of young people from a green-alternative spectrum around the world. It works towards (1) ecological sustainability, (2) social justice, (3) grassroots democracy and (4) peace."[16]

Global Greens Ambassadors

The Global Greens Coordination appointed Christine Milne AO as the first Global Greens Ambassador in 2015. Milne was appointed as Global Greens Ambassador in recognition of her considerable expertise in climate change and as an elected member of state and federal parliaments, including as Leader of the Australian Greens.

Member parties

  At least one full member party supports or participates in national government.
  At least one full member party is present in the national legislature.
  At least one full member party is present.
  At least one associate member party is present.

Member parties in the Americas

Waist high portrait of three middle aged people in the library of what could be a boat or other confined space.
Marina Silva with Thomas Lovejoy and Stephen Schneider in April 2010

Affiliated members in North, Central and South America form the Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas.[17]

Jill Stein and Ajamu Baraka in August 2016.
Country Name National/Federal Government State/Municipal Government Notes
 Argentina Partido Verde Extraparliamentary opposition In opposition in Tierra del Fuego
 Bolivia Partido Verde de Bolivia
 Brazil Partido Verde Junior party in coalition The party is represented in several state legislatures. in coalition 2003–2008
 Canada Green Party of Canada/Parti vert du Canada Non-official party House of Commons: (2). Provincial: British Columbia (2 members), New Brunswick (3), Ontario (2), Prince Edward Island (2). Municipal: Vancouver City Council (2).
 Chile Partido Ecologista Verde de Chile in opposition Two seats on regional boards. One seat in the Chamber of Deputies.
 Colombia Alianza Verde Junior party in coalition Claudia López Hernández, a green, is mayor of Bogota. The party also has 3 regional governors and several mayors.
 Dominican Republic Partido Verde Dominicano
 Guatemala Movimiento Verde
 Mexico Partido Ecologista Verde de México Supporting coalition Represented in several regional parliaments The party is criticized for its alleged corruption.[18]
 Peru Partido Verde Peru
 Venezuela Movimiento Ecológico de Venezuela Extraparliamentary opposition

The Green Party of the United States, while previously a full member, is no longer associated with the Global Greens.[19]

Member parties in Asia and Oceania

Bob Brown at a climate change rally in Melbourne on 5 July 2008

Affiliated members in Asia, Pacific and Oceania form the Asia Pacific Greens Federation.[20]

James Shaw, Minister for Climate Change (New Zealand), 2019.
Country Name National/Federal Government State/Municipal Government Notes
 Australia Australian Greens In opposition (crossbench) In coalition government in A.C.T., represented in all state and territory Parliaments, as well as in numerous local/city governments Formerly in coalition in Tasmania from 2010–14
 Bangladesh Green Party of Bangladesh Extraparliamentary opposition unknown
 India India Greens Party Extraparliamentary opposition
Uttarakhand Parivartan Party (UKPP) Extraparliamentary opposition
 Iraq Green Party of Iraq Extraparliamentary opposition
 Japan Greens Japan Extraparliamentary opposition Kazumi Inamura, a green, is mayor of Amagasaki
 South Korea Green Party of Korea Extraparliamentary opposition unknown
 Lebanon Green Party of Lebanon Extraparliamentary opposition
 Mongolia Mongolian Green Party Extraparliamentary opposition
 Nepal Hariyali Nepal Party

Extraparliamentary opposition

 Nepal Hariyo Party

Extraparliamentary opposition

 New Zealand Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand In opposition The party endorsed the current mayor of Wellington Tory Whanau, and is represented on local councils in its own right in Wellington, Dunedin, and Palmerston North, and in Auckland through the City Vision joint ticket. Formerly in coalition/Cooperation agreement/Confidence and supply in New Zealand from 1999–2002, 2005–2008, 2017–2023
 Pakistan Pakistan Green Party unknown unknown
 Republic of China (Taiwan) Green Party Taiwan Extraparliamentary opposition Represented in Hsinchu County[21]
Trees Party Extraparliamentary opposition

Member parties in Africa

Wangari Maathai, Kenya.
Frank Habineza, Leader of the African Greens Federation since 2008.

Affiliated parties in Africa form the Federation of Green Parties of Africa.

Country Name National/Federal Government State/Municipal Government Notes
 Angola Partido Nacional Ecológico de Angola unknown unknown
 Benin Les Verts du Benin Extraparliamentary Opposition
 Burkina Faso Parti Ecologiste pour le Développement du Burkina unknown
Rally of the Ecologists of Burkina
 Burundi Burundi Green Movement
 Central African Republic Mouvement des Verts de Centrafique
 Chad Union des Ecologistes Tchadiens - LES VERTS
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Rassemblement des écologistes congolais Extraparliamentary Opposition Represented in parliament 2006–11
 Egypt Egyptian Greens unknown
 Gabon Parti Vert Gabonais/Gabon Green Party
 Ghana Ghana Green Movement
 Guinea Parti des Ecologistes Guineens
 Ivory Coast Parti Ecologique Ivoirien
 Kenya Mazingira Green Party Extraparliamentary opposition
 Madagascar Madagascar Green Party unknown
 Mali Parti Ecologiste du Mali
 Mauritius Les Verts Fraternels Extraparliamentary opposition In coalition 2005–10.
 Morocco Les Verts unknown
 Mozambique Ecological Party of Mozambique Extraparliamentary opposition Extraparliamentary opposition
 Niger Rassemblement pour un Sahel Vert unknown unknown
 Nigeria Green Party of Nigeria
 Rwanda Democratic Green Party of Rwanda In opposition
 Senegal Les Verts Extraparliamentary opposition Represented in parliament between 2007 and 2012
 Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Green Party unknown
 Somalia Democratic Green Party of Somalia
 South Africa South African Green Alliance
 Togo Afrique Togo Ecologie
 Tunisia Tunisie Verte Extraparliamentary opposition
 Uganda Ecological Party of Uganda unknown
 Zambia National Revolution Green Party Zambia

Member parties in Europe

Affiliated members in Europe form the European Green Party.

Femke Halsema, 2010; mayor of Amsterdam since 2018
Country Name National/Federal Government State/Municipal Government European Parliament Notes
 Albania Green Party of Albania Extraparliamentary opposition in opposition 34 local councillors, 8 in urban municipalities and 26 in rural municipalities[22] Not an EU member
 Andorra Partit Verds d'Andorra Extraparliamentary opposition The party hasn't participated in recent local elections Not an EU member
 Austria Die Grünen Junior party in coalition in coalition in Upper Austria, Carinthia, Tyrol, Salzburg and Vorarlberg In opposition
 Belgium Ecolo Junior party in coalition Senior party in coalition in Wallonia and Brussels-Capital Region In opposition Form one Parliamentary group in the Federal Parliament
Groen Junior party in coalition In opposition in Flanders In opposition
 Bulgaria Zelena Partija Extraparliamentary opposition unknown Extraparliamentary opposition
 Cyprus Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation In opposition Extraparliamentary opposition
 Czech Republic Strana zelených Extraparliamentary opposition Extraparliamentary opposition In coalition 2006–10
 Estonia Estonian Greens Extraparliamentary opposition 2 local government seats out of the nationwide 1717, both in Antsla. Extraparliamentary opposition
 Finland Vihreä liitto/Gröna förbundet/Ruoná lihttu In opposition Represented in several municipalities. It has the second largest group of councillors in Helsinki In opposition In coalition 1995–2003, 2007–2014, 2019-2023
 France Europe Écologie–Les Verts In opposition Senior coalition partner in Grenoble, Lyon, Bordeaux, Strasbourg, Marseille and Besançon. Also in coalition in Occitanie, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Centre-Val de Loire and Paris, Nantes, Rennes. In opposition In coalition 1997–2002, 2012–14, represented in parliament 1997-2017
 Georgia Sakartvelo's Mtsvaneta Partia/Green Party of Georgia unknown unknown Not an EU member
 Germany Bündnis '90/Die Grünen Junior party in coalition Senior coalition partner in the Landtag of Baden-Württemberg, also junior coalition party in 10 of 16 states. Senior coalition partner in the cities of Stuttgart, Darmstadt, Freiburg im Breisgau and Heidelberg in opposition in coalition 1998–2005
 Greece Ecologoi Prasinoi/Ecologist Greens Extraparliamentary opposition Represented in 4/13 Regional Councils Extraparliamentary opposition
 Hungary Lehet Más a Politika In opposition 54 seats in local city councils In opposition
 Ireland
 United Kingdom (NI)		 Green Party/Comhaontas Glas Junior party in coalition 44 councillors in ROI local government, 7 in NI local government 2 MEPs In coalition in ROI 2007–2011, 2020–present
 Italy Green Europe In opposition Junior member of the governing coalition in Emilia-Romagna, Campania and Sardinia Extraparliamentary opposition
Verdi–Grüne–Vërc Extraparliamentary opposition The party has 3 members in the Landtag of South Tyrol. Extraparliamentary opposition Part of the Federazione dei Verdi before 2013
 Luxembourg Déi Gréng In opposition Christiane Brassel-Rausch, a green, is mayor of Differdange In opposition
 Malta AD+PD Extraparliamentary opposition Extraparliamentary opposition
 Moldova Partidul Ecologist "Alianța Verde" din Moldova unknown unknown Not an EU member
 Netherlands De Groenen Extraparliamentary opposition 1 of 26 seats in the water board of Amstel, Gooi en Vecht Extraparliamentary opposition
 Netherlands GroenLinks In opposition Senior coalition partner in North Holland, Groningen and Utrecht; junior partner in five other provinces. It is represented in most municipalities, it has the largest group of councillors in Nijmegen, Utrecht, Groningen and Amsterdam and is the senior government party there. It has 9 of 316 mayors,[23] including Femke Halsema of Amsterdam. in opposition
 North Macedonia Demokratska Obnova na Makedonija Junior party in coalition unknown Not an EU member
 Norway Miljøpartiet De Grønne In opposition In coalition in Oslo and Trondheim, represented in other big cities in opposition
 Poland Partia Zieloni Junior party in coalition Represented in the regional parliaments of Silesia and West Pomerania, and the city councils of Warsaw and Opole Extraparliamentary opposition
 Portugal Partido Ecologista Os Verdes Extraparliamentary opposition in coalition in some municipalities (with Portuguese Communist Party) Extraparliamentary opposition
 Romania Green Party of Romania Extraparliamentary opposition 2 mayor, 5 deputy-mayor, 117 local council member Extraparliamentary opposition
 Russia Zelenaya Alternativa (GROZA) unknown unknown Not an EU member
 Scotland Scottish Green Party In opposition The party has 35 councillors across Scotland most notably 10 in Edinburgh and 11 in Glasgow Not an EU member
 Slovakia Strana Zelených Extraparliamentary opposition unknown Extraparliamentary opposition Represented in parliament between 1990 and 2002
 Slovenia Stranka mladih Slovenije/Youth Party of Slovenia Extraparliamentary opposition Extraparliamentary opposition
 Spain Equo 1 deputy elected under the banner of Más País In coalition in Valencia and Barcelona In opposition
 Sweden Miljöpartiet de Gröna In opposition Represented in 168 of 290 municipalities, especially those in urban areas. In opposition
 Switzerland Green Party of Switzerland In opposition Junior party in coalition cabinet in 7 cantons. Also in coalition in Bern, Geneva, Zurich, or Basel-City. Not an EU member
 Turkey Green Left Party Extraparliamentary opposition unknown Not an EU member The party works inside HDP
 Ukraine Partija Zelenych Ukrajiny/Party of Greens of Ukraine Extraparliamentary opposition unknown Not an EU member
 United Kingdom (EnglandWalesEngland and Wales) Green Party of England and Wales The party is represented in parliament by four MPs and two life peers The party has 766 councillors in English and Welsh councils, and has majority control in Mid Suffolk, as well as being in coalition in several other councils. It also has 3 London AMs Not an EU member The party dominated the Brighton and Hove City Council between 2011 and 2015.

Observers and associate member parties

Tim Jackson, author of Prosperity Without Growth.
Country Name Government Notes
 Australia Federation for a Democratic China[citation needed] Extraparliamentary Opposition
 Belarus Belarusian Party "The Greens"
 Bulgaria Zelenite/The Greens
 Costa Rica Cartago Green Party Represented at the local level
 Denmark Socialistisk Folkeparti Parliamentary support In coalition 2011–14
 Dominican Republic Partido Verde Dominicano Extraparliamentary Opposition
 French Guiana Les Verts de Guyane
 Guatemala Partido Los Verdes de Guatemala unknown
 Indonesia Atjeh Green Party Extraparliamentary Opposition
Indonesian Green Party
 Nepal Hariyali Nepal Party
 Nicaragua Verdes en Alianza unknown
 Philippines Philippines Greens
 Russia Green Russia Extraparliamentary Opposition
 Serbia Zeleni Srbije/Greens of Serbia Junior party in coalition
 Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Green Alliance Extraparliamentary Opposition

See also

References

  1. ^ "Global Greens Secretariat established in Brussels, Europe". globalgreens.org. 25 March 2013. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  2. ^ a b "Green Parties around the world | Global Greens". Archived from the original on 2014-10-20. Retrieved 2014-10-15.
  3. ^ a b "WHO WE ARE". Global Greens. 2011-04-20. Archived from the original on 2019-07-07. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
  4. ^ "Global Green Party History Chronology - 1992". Global Greens. 2008-08-02. Archived from the original on 2019-07-14. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
  5. ^ "Final Statement of the First Planetary Meeting of Greens in Rio de Janeiro, 31 May 1992". Global Greens. 1992-05-31. Archived from the original on 2019-04-29. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
  6. ^ "Global Greens Charter". globalgreens.org. 15 December 2007. Archived from the original on 14 May 2008. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  7. ^ "Global Greens Charter". Global Greens. 2007-12-15. Archived from the original on 2019-10-23. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
  8. ^ "Global Greens Coordination". Global Greens. 2009-05-28. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
  9. ^ "Previous congresses". Global Greens. 2016-10-10. Archived from the original on 2019-02-13. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
  10. ^ a b Global Greens website, Korea 2023
  11. ^ "Korea 2022". Global Greens. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
  12. ^ "Friends of the Global Greens (FRoGG)". Global Greens. 2014-02-06. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
  13. ^ "Global Greens LGBT+ Network". Global Greens LGBT+ Network. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
  14. ^ "Parliamentarians Association (GGPA)". Global Greens. 2016-01-29. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
  15. ^ "Women's Network (GGWN)". Global Greens. 2016-01-29. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
  16. ^ "Global Young Greens (GYG)". Global Greens. 2016-01-29. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
  17. ^ "GG Member". Global Greens. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  18. ^ Tim Johnson, For Mexico's Ecologist Green Party, 'green' mostly means money, not environment, McClatchy Newspapers (June 18, 2012).
  19. ^ Niranjan, Ajit (1 November 2024). "European Greens ask Jill Stein to stand down and endorse Kamala Harris". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  20. ^ "Members of APGF". Asia Pacific Greens. 2013-09-12. Retrieved 2020-09-25.
  21. ^ "18年來首次！綠黨攻下兩席市議員 – 政治 – 自由時報電子報". ltn.com.tw. 30 November 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  22. ^ "Partia e Gjelbër është e përfaqësuar me këshilltarë lokal në 8 Bashki dhe 26 Komuna". Archived from the original on 2013-01-14. Retrieved 2012-11-04.
  23. ^ "Landelijk overzicht burgemeestersposten (Kroonbenoemde burgemeesters)". Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations (in Dutch). May 4, 2022.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Greens