Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNGT1 gene .[ 5] [ 6] GNGT2 is the gamma subunit (Gγ ) of the Gβγ part of transducin (written G(T) or Gt ), a heterotrimeric G-protein naturally expressed in vertebrate retina rod and cone cells . GNGT1 only occurs in rod cells, and GNGT2 only occurs in cone cells, with a different alpha (Gα ) subunit .[ 7] [ 8]
References
^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000127928 – Ensembl , May 2017^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029663 – Ensembl , May 2017^ "Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ Scherer SW, Feinstein DS, Oliveira L, Tsui LC, Pittler SJ (Sep 1996). "Gene structure and chromosome localization to 7q21.3 of the human rod photoreceptor transducin gamma-subunit gene (GNGT1)". Genomics . 35 (1): 241–3. doi :10.1006/geno.1996.0346 . PMID 8661128 . ^ "Entrez Gene: GNGT1 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 1" .^ Lagman D, Sundström G, Ocampo Daza D, Abalo XM, Larhammar D (2012). "Expansion of transducin subunit gene families in early vertebrate tetraploidizations" . Genomics . 100 (4): 203–211. doi :10.1016/j.ygeno.2012.07.005 . PMID 22814267 . ^ Lerea CL, Somers DE, Hurley JB, Klock IB, Bunt-Milam AH (October 1986). "Identification of specific transducin alpha subunits in retinal rod and cone photoreceptors". Science . 234 (4772): 77–80. Bibcode :1986Sci...234...77L . doi :10.1126/science.3529395 . PMID 3529395 .
Further reading
Simonds WF, Butrynski JE, Gautam N, et al. (1991). "G-protein beta gamma dimers. Membrane targeting requires subunit coexpression and intact gamma C-A-A-X domain" . J. Biol. Chem . 266 (9): 5363–6. doi :10.1016/S0021-9258(19)67601-5 PMID 1706334 . Ray K, Kunsch C, Bonner LM, Robishaw JD (1995). "Isolation of cDNA clones encoding eight different human G protein gamma subunits, including three novel forms designated the gamma 4, gamma 10, and gamma 11 subunits" . J. Biol. Chem . 270 (37): 21765–71. doi :10.1074/jbc.270.37.21765 PMID 7665596 . Tao L, Pandey S, Simon MI, Fong HK (1993). "Structure of the bovine transducin gamma subunit gene and analysis of promoter function in transgenic mice". Exp. Eye Res . 56 (4): 497–507. doi :10.1006/exer.1993.1063 . PMID 8500562 . Yan K, Kalyanaraman V, Gautam N (1996). "Differential ability to form the G protein betagamma complex among members of the beta and gamma subunit families" . J. Biol. Chem . 271 (12): 7141–6. doi :10.1074/jbc.271.12.7141 PMID 8636150 . Gaudet R, Savage JR, McLaughlin JN, et al. (1999). "A molecular mechanism for the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of heterotrimeric G proteins by phosducin" . Mol. Cell . 3 (5): 649–60. doi :10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80358-5 PMID 10360181 . Xu S, Ladak R, Swanson DA, et al. (2000). "PHR1 encodes an abundant, pleckstrin homology domain-containing integral membrane protein in the photoreceptor outer segments" . J. Biol. Chem . 274 (50): 35676–85. doi :10.1074/jbc.274.50.35676 PMID 10585447 . Marin EP, Krishna AG, Zvyaga TA, et al. (2000). "The amino terminus of the fourth cytoplasmic loop of rhodopsin modulates rhodopsin-transducin interaction" . J. Biol. Chem . 275 (3): 1930–6. doi :10.1074/jbc.275.3.1930 PMID 10636894 . Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode :2002PNAS...9916899M . doi :10.1073/pnas.242603899 PMC 139241 PMID 12477932 . Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F, et al. (2003). "Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta" . J. Biol. Chem . 278 (9): 7220–6. doi :10.1074/jbc.M210304200 PMID 12486123 . Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, et al. (2003). "Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology" . Science . 300 (5620): 767–72. Bibcode :2003Sci...300..767S . doi :10.1126/science.1083423 . PMC 2882961 PMID 12690205 . Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7" . Nature . 424 (6945): 157–64. Bibcode :2003Natur.424..157H . doi :10.1038/nature01782 PMID 12853948 . Hinrichs MV, Montecino M, Bunster M, Olate J (2005). "Mutation of the highly conserved Arg165 and Glu168 residues of human Gsalpha disrupts the alphaD-alphaE loop and enhances basal GDP/GTP exchange rate". J. Cell. Biochem . 93 (2): 409–17. doi :10.1002/jcb.20193 . PMID 15368366 . S2CID 85626429 . Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)" . Genome Res . 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi :10.1101/gr.2596504 . PMC 528928 PMID 15489334 . Gao X, Sadana R, Dessauer CW, Patel TB (2007). "Conditional stimulation of type V and VI adenylyl cyclases by G protein betagamma subunits" . J. Biol. Chem . 282 (1): 294–302. doi :10.1074/jbc.M607522200 PMID 17110384 . Seo M, Lee MJ, Heo JH, et al. (2007). "G Protein betagamma subunits augment UVB-induced apoptosis by stimulating the release of soluble heparin-binding epidermal growth factor from human keratinocytes" . J. Biol. Chem . 282 (34): 24720–30. doi :10.1074/jbc.M702343200 PMID 17548351 .
External links
Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt : P02698 PDBe-KB .
PDB gallery
1a0r : HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA
1b9x : STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN
1b9y : STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA
1got : HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF A GT-ALPHA/GI-ALPHA CHIMERA AND THE GT-BETA-GAMMA SUBUNITS
1tbg : BETA-GAMMA DIMER OF THE HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN TRANSDUCIN
2trc : PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA COMPLEX
