Calendar year
1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV ) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar , the 1884th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini 2nd millennium , the 84th year of the 19th century , and the 5th year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1884, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
March 13 : Siege of Khartoum .
November 15 : Berlin Conference
Events
January 4 – The Fabian Society is founded in London.January 5 – Gilbert and Sullivan 's Princess Ida Savoy Theatre , London.January 7 – German microbiologist Robert Koch isolates Vibrio cholerae cholera bacillus , working in India.[ 1] January 18 – William Price attempts to cremate his dead baby son, Iesu Grist, in Wales. Later tried and acquitted on the grounds that cremation is not contrary to English law , he is thus able to carry out the ceremony (the first in the United Kingdom in modern times) on March 14 , setting a legal precedent.[ 2] February 1 – A New English Dictionary on historical principles, part 1 (edited by James A. H. Murray ), the first fascicle of what will become The Oxford English Dictionary , is published in England.[ 3] February 5 – Derby County Football Club is founded in England.March 13 – The siege of Khartoum , Sudan , begins (ends on January 26 , 1885).March 23 – Bolivia becomes a landlocked country March 28 – Prince Leopold , the youngest son and the eighth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert , dies, aged 30 in Cannes , France .March – John Joseph Montgomery conducts the first manned glider flights in the United States near Otay, California.
August 5 : Statue of Liberty erection begun July 1 – First International Forestry Exhibition opens in Edinburgh , Scotland.[ 5] July 3 – The Dow Jones Transportation Average , consisting of eleven transportation-related companies (nine railroads and two non-rail companies, Western Union and Pacific Mail), is created. The index is the oldest stock index still in use.July 5 – Germany takes possession of Togoland .July 7 – Nagasaki Shipyard, predecessor of the Japanese aircraft and shipbuilding business Mitsubishi , is founded on the island of Kyushu .[ 6] July 14 – German administration is established in Cameroon .July 23 – The first tennis tournaments, held in the grounds of Shrubland Hall, Leamington Spa , England, are recorded in today's Courier .August 5 – The cornerstone for the Statue of Liberty is laid on Bedloe's Island in New York Harbor .August 10 – An earthquake measuring 5.5 Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong ). Chimneys are toppled in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. Property damage is severe in Jamaica, Queens and Amityville, New York .[ 7] August 22 – The Sino-French War (for control of Tonkin ) breaks out (continues to April 1885 ).August 23 – Sino-French War – Battle of Fuzhou : French Admiral Amédée Courbet 's Far East Squadron virtually destroys China's Fujian Fleet .September 5 – Staten Island Academy is founded.September 15 – The invention of local anesthesia by Karl Koller is made public at a medical congress in Heidelberg , Germany.September 23 –24 (night) – Steamship Arctique runs aground near Cape Virgenes , leading to the discovery of nearby placer gold and beginning the Tierra del Fuego gold rush .[ 8]
October 6 : US Naval War College founded. October 6 – The United States Naval War College is established in Newport, Rhode Island .October 18 – The University of Wales, Bangor (UK), is founded.October 22
October 30 – The Hosay massacre in Trinidad.November 1
November 2 – Timișoara , Romania, is the first town in Europe with streets illuminated by electric light.[ 9] November 4 – 1884 United States presidential election : Democratic governor of New York Grover Cleveland defeats Republican James G. Blaine in a very close contest, to win the first of his non-consecutive terms.November 15 – The Berlin Conference , which regulates European colonisation and trade in Africa, begins (ends February 26, 1885).December 1
December 4 – Reformers in Korea who admire the Meiji Restoration in Japan stage the Gapsin Coup , with Japan's help. China intervenes to rescue the king and help suppress the rebels.December 6 – The Washington Monument is completed in Washington, D.C., becoming the tallest structure in the world at this date.December 10
December 16 – The World Cotton Centennial world's fair opens in New Orleans .
Date unknown
Births
January
Auguste Piccard Rickard Sandler Pedro Pablo Ramírez Theodor Heuss January 1
January 2 – Ben-Zion Dinur , Russian-born Israeli educator, historian and politician (d. 1973 )January 12 – Texas Guinan , American vaudeville performer (d. 1933 )January 20 – Charles W. Whittlesey , United States Army officer, commander of the Lost Battalion 1921 )January 21 – Roger Nash Baldwin , American social activist (d. 1981 )January 23 – Ralph DePalma , Italian-born American race car driver (d. 1956 )January 24 – Thomas Blamey , Australian field marshal (d. 1951 )January 26
January 28 – Auguste Piccard , Swiss physicist, balloonist, and inventor (d. 1962 )January 29 – Rickard Sandler , 20th prime minister of Sweden (d. 1964 )January 30
January 31 – Theodor Heuss , German politician, 1st president of West Germany (d. 1963 )
February
February 1 – Bradbury Robinson , American football player, who threw the first forward pass in American football history (d. 1949 )February 8 – Burt Mustin , American actor (d. 1977 )February 12
February 13 – Alfred Carlton Gilbert , American athlete, inventor (d. 1961 )February 15 – Mieczysław Norwid-Neugebauer , Polish general and politician (d. 1954 )February 16 – Robert J. Flaherty , American filmmaker (d. 1951 )February 17 – María Beatriz del Rosario Arroyo , Filipino Roman Catholic nun and servant of God (d. 1957 )February 20 – Constantin Constantinescu-Claps , Romanian general (d. 1961 )February 22 – Lew Cody , American actor (d. 1934 )February 26 – John Cyril Porte , Irish-born British flying boat pioneer (d. 1919 )February 28 – Ants Piip , Prime Minister of Estonia (d. 1942 )
March
April
May
Harry S. Truman May 2 – John Boland , American politician (d. 1958 )[ 11] May 5 – Jean Decoux , French admiral, Governor-General of French Indochina (1940–1945) (d. 1963 )May 8 – Harry S. Truman , 33rd president of the United States (d. 1972 )May 10 – Olga Petrova , English-born American actress (d. 1977 )May 14 – Claude Dornier , German aircraft designer (d. 1969 )May 20 – Leon Schlesinger , American producer, filmmaker (d. 1949 )May 22 – Cordelia Camp , American educator (d. 1973 )[ 12] May 23 – Corrado Gini , Italian statistician, demographer and sociologist (d. 1965 )May 27 – Max Brod , Austrian author (d. 1968 )May 28 – Edvard Beneš , Czechoslovak politician, prime minister and president of Czechoslovakia (d. 1948 )May 30 – Robert Alfred Theobald , American admiral (d. 1957 )
June
Édouard Daladier Empress Teimei Gaston Bachelard
July
Amedeo Modigliani July 11 – Howard Estabrook , American actor, film director and producer, and screenwriter (d. 1978 )July 12 – Amedeo Modigliani , Italian painter, sculptor (d. 1920 )July 15 – Phraya Manopakorn Nititada , Thailand's first prime minister (d. 1948 )July 17 – Prince George Bagration , Georgian nobleman (d. 1957 )July 18 – Alberto di Jorio , Italian cardinal, secretary of the 1958 conclave (d. 1979 )July 19 – Maurice Nicoll , British psychiatrist (d. 1953 )July 23 – Emil Jannings , Swiss-born German actor (d. 1950 )July 25 – Rafael Arévalo Martínez , Guatemalan writer (d. 1975 )July 26 – Joseph Sweeney , American actor (d. 1963 )July 27 – Kathleen Howard , Canadian-born American opera singer, character actress (d. 1956 )
August
Rómulo Gallegos John S. McCain Sr. Vincent Auriol August 2 – Rómulo Gallegos , 48th president of Venezuela (d. 1969 )August 7 – Billie Burke , American actress (d. 1970 )August 8 – Sara Teasdale , American poet (d. 1933 )August 9 – John S. McCain Sr. , American admiral (d. 1945 )August 10
August 15 – Mary Nash , American actress (d. 1976 )August 20 – Rudolf Bultmann , German Lutheran theologian (d. 1976 )August 23 – Will Cuppy , American humorist (d. 1949 )August 27 – Vincent Auriol , President of France (d. 1966 )[ 13] August 28 – Peter Fraser , 24th prime minister of New Zealand (d. 1950 )August 30 – Theodor Svedberg , Swedish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971 )
September
İsmet İnönü
October
Eleanor Roosevelt
November
December
Rajendra Prasad Petru Groza Hideki Tojo December 3
December 4 – R. C. Majumdar , Indian historian (d. 1980 )December 7 – Petru Groza , Romanian politician, 46th prime minister of Romania (d. 1958 )December 14 – Nicholas Charnetsky , Soviet Orthodox priest, bishop, martyr and blessed (d. 1959 )December 17 – Alison Uttley , English writer of children's books (d. 1976 )December 19 – Antonín Zápotocký , 6th president and 15th prime minister of Czechoslovakia (d. 1957 )December 25
December 29 – Ted Theodore , Australian politician, Premier of Queensland (d. 1950 )December 30
December 31 – Stanley Forman Reed , Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1980 )
Date unknown
Deaths
Gregor Mendel Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt Bedřich Smetana January 6 – Gregor Mendel , Czech geneticist (b. 1822 )January 25 – Johann Gottfried Piefke , German conductor, composer (b. 1815 )February 8 – Cetshwayo kaMpande , Zulu king (b. 1826 )February 13 – Wilhelm von Tümpling , Prussian general (b. 1809 )February 14
February 26 – Emmanuel Félix de Wimpffen , French general (b. 1811 )March 1 – Isaac Todhunter , English mathematician (b. 1820 )March 8 – Sydney Dacres , British admiral (b. 1804 )March 13 – Leland Stanford Jr. , son of Governor Leland Stanford of California , in whose memory Stanford University was founded (b. 1868 )March 19 – Elias Lönnrot , Finnish philologist, collector of traditional Finnish oral poetry (b. 1802 )March 21
March 23 – Henry C. Lord , American railroad executive (b. 1824 )March 28 – Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany , youngest son of Queen Victoria (b. 1853 )April 1 – Marie Litton , English stage actress (b. 1847 )April 4 – Marie Bashkirtseff , Russian artist (b. 1858 )April 6 – Emanuel Geibel , German poet, dramatist (b. 1815 )April 24 – Marie Taglioni , Swedish-Italian ballerina (b. 1804 )May 6 – Judah P. Benjamin , American politician, US senator from Louisiana, Cabinet officer of the Confederate States (b. 1811 )May 12 – Bedřich Smetana , Czech composer (b. 1824 )May 13 – Cyrus McCormick , American inventor (b. 1809 )May 29 – Sir Henry Bartle Frere , British colonial administrator (b. 1815 )June 19
June 21 – Alexander, Prince of Orange , heir apparent to the Dutch throne (b. 1851 )June 25 – Hans Rott , Austrian composer (b. 1858 )
Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe Leona Florentino July 1 – Allan Pinkerton , American detective (b. 1819 )July 10 – Paul Morphy , American chess player (b. 1837 )July 15
August 9 – Annestine Beyer , Danish reform pedagogue (b. 1795 )August 18 – Mary C. Ames , American writer (b. 1831 )September 2 – Karl Eberhard Herwarth von Bittenfeld , Prussian field marshal (b. 1796 )September 10 – George Bentham , English botanist (b. 1800 )October 4 – Leona Florentino , Filipina poet (b. 1849 )October 7 – Bernard Petitjean , French Roman Catholic missionary to Japan (b. 1829 )October 16 – Bernice Pauahi Bishop , Hawaiian ali‘i (b. 1831 )October 18 – William VIII, Duke of Brunswick (b. 1806 )November 3 – Menyhért Lónyay , 5th prime minister of Hungary (b. 1822 )November 11 – Alfred Brehm , German zoologist (b. 1829 )November 16 – František Chvostek , Moravian physician (b. 1835 )November 25 – Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe , German chemist (b. 1818 )December 1 – William Swainson , second, and last, Attorney-General of the Crown Colony of New Zealand (b. 1809 )December 3 – Jane C. Bonar , Scottish hymnwriter (b. 1821 )December 20 – Domenico Consolini , Italian Catholic Cardinal (b. 1806 )
References
^ Koch, R. (1884-03-20). "Sechster Bericht der deutschen wissenschaftlichen Commission zur Erforschung der Cholera ". Deutsche medizinische Wochenscrift 10 (12): 191–2.
^ Hutton, Ronald (2009). Blood and Mistletoe: The History of the Druids in Britain . New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-14485-7 .^ Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0 .^ "Patent #33/256". Bollettino delle Privative Industriali del Regno d'Italia . 2nd Series. 15 : 635–655. 1884. ^ "The Forestry Exhibition". The Morning Post ^ ja:三菱重工長崎造船所#沿革 (Japanese language edition) Retrieved on June 28, 2020.^ Stover, C. W.; Coffman, J. L., Seismicity of the United States, 1568–1989 United States Government Printing Office , pp. 314–316 [permanent dead link ] ^ Martinic Beros, Mateo (2003). "La minería aurífera en la región austral americana (1869-1950)" . Historia 36 . doi :10.4067/S0717-71942003003600009 (inactive November 1, 2024).{{cite journal }}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link )^ Treptow, Kurt W. (1996). A History of Romania . Iasi: Center for Romania Studies. p. 590. ISBN 978-0-88033-345-0 . ^ "Porfirio Díaz" . Busca Biografias (in Spanish). Retrieved June 8, 2019 .^ "John Boland, Local Pioneer, Dies At 74" . Rapid City Daily Journal 1 , 2 . Retrieved June 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com .^ Stephens, George Myers (1979). "Camp, Cordelia" . NCpedia . Retrieved May 19, 2024 . ^ Jessup, John E. (1998). An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996 ISBN 978-0-313-28112-9 .
Further reading and year books
1884 Annual Cyclopedia (1885)
