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Kolkata
কলকাতা
Calcutta
Kolkata; কলকাতা; Calcutta
Megacity
	Saarah jarum jam saka ndhuwur: Victoria Memorial, St. Paul's Cathedral, central business district, Howrah Bridge, jalur trèm kutha, Vidyasagar Bridge
	Peparab: City of Joy; City of Palaces; Cultural Capital of India
Negara	India
Negara pérangan	West Bengal
Divisi	Presidency
District	Kolkata
Pamaréntahan
• Jinis	Mayor–Council
• Body	KMC
• Mayor	Sovan Chatterjee
• Sheriff	Ranjit Mallik
• Police commissioner	Rajeev Kumar
Laladan
• Megacity	185 km2 (79,151 sq mi)
• Métro	1.886,67 km2 (728,45 sq mi)
Élepasi	9 m (30 ft)
Cacah warga (2011)
• Megacity	4,496,694
• Urut pepadhet	7th
• Pepadhet	0,024/km2 (0/sq mi)
• Métro	14.112.536; 14,617,882 (Extended UA)
• Metropolitan rank	3rd
Demonym(s)	Kolkatan
Zona wektu	IST (UTC+05:30)
ZIP code(s)	700 001 to 700 162
Kodhe laladan	+91-33
Plat montor	WB 01 to WB 10, WB 19 to WB 22
UN/LOCODE	IN CCU
Basa resmi	Bengali lan Inggris
Situs wèb	www.kmcgov.in
	↑ The Kolkata metropolitan area also includes portions of North 24 Parganas, South 24 Parganas, Howrah, Nadia, and Hooghly districts. See: Urban structure. ;

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Kalkuta, Kalkutah^[14] utawa Kolkata /koʊlˈkɑːtɑː/ (biyèn Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/) iku kutha krajan saka praja India West Bengal. Dumunung ing pinggiran wétan Kali Hooghly, iku pusat komersial, budaya, lan pendidikan utama ing India Wétan, lan Plabuhan Kolkata ya iku plabuhan kang isih operasi tuwa dhéwé ing India lan plabuhan tunggal utama kali. Ing 2011, kutha iki nduwé populasi 4,5 yuta, sawatara populasi ing kutha lan pinggiran ana 14.1 yuta, nggawe tlatah metropolitan paling akèh kang ndunungi kaping telu ing India. Ing 2008 prodhuk dhomèstik brutoné (diatur kanggo paritas daya tuku) dikira-kira dadi US$104 milyar, kang paling dhuwur katelu antarané kutha India, sakngisoré Mumbai lan Delhi.^[15] Minangka kutha kang tuwuh ing nagara tumuwuh, Kolkata nduwé polusi, kemacetan lalu lintas, kamlaratan, kapadhetan, lan masalah liyané.

Ing pungkasan abad kaping 17, telung désa kang predated Calcutta dipréntah déning Nawab saka Bengal ing suzerainty Mughal. Sawisé Nawab ngwenehi East India Company lisensi dagang ing 1690,^[16] tlatah iki dikembangaké déning Company dadi pos dagang kang saya dibèntèngi. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah nguwasani Calcutta ing taun 1756, lan East India Company ngrebut manèh Calcutta ing taun sawisé. Ing taun 1793 perusahaan East India cukup kuwat kanggo ngilangi Nizamat (aturan lokal), lan wiwit kadhaulatan kebak ing tlatah iki. Ing aturan perusahaan, lan mengko ing British Raj, Calcutta dadi kutha krajan saka tlatah kang dikuwasani Inggris ing India nganti 1911, nalika cacat géografis kang dirasakaké, digabungake karo nasionalisme ing Bengal kang tuwuh, ndadèkaké pindahé kutha krajan menyang New Delhi. Calcutta iku pusat kanggo gerakan kamardikan India; iku tetep dadi hotbed pulitik praja kontemporer. Sawisé kamardikan India ing taun 1947, Kolkata, kang sapisan dadi pusat pendidikan, ngèlmu, budaya, lan pulitik modern India, nandhang sawatara dekade saka stagnasi ékonomi.

Minangka inti saking Bengal Renaissance abad kaping 19 lan 20 awal lan pusat kabudayan kang warna-warna agamané lan ètniké ing Bengal lan India, Kolkata nduwé tradisi lokal ing drama, kagunan, filem, teater, lan sastra. Akeh wong saka Kolkata—sapérangané pamenang Hadhiyah Nobel—nyumbang kanggo kagunan, ing sains, lan tlatah liyané. Budaya Kolkata nduwé idiosyncrasies kang kalebu close-knit neighbourhoods (paras) lan freestyle intellectual exchanges (adda). Bagéyané West Bengal saka indhustri filem Bengali dhedhasar ing kutha iki, kang uga sarwa dumadi institusi budaya kinurmatan saka nasional, kaya ta Academy of Fine Arts, Victoria Memorial, Asiatic Society, Indian Museum lan National Library of India. Antarane institusi ngèlmu profésional, Kolkata nduwé Agri Horticultural Society of India, Geological Survey of India, Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta Mathematical Society, Indian Science Congress Association, Zoological Survey of India, Institution of Engineers, Anthropological Survey of India lan Indian Public Health Association. Sanadyan dadi panggonané ajang lan waralaba cricketing utama, Kolkata bedo saka kutha liya India kanthi mènèhi wigati kanggo bal-balan lan olahraga liyané.

Réferènsi

↑ List of city nicknames in India
↑ "Archive copy". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2013-12-03. Dibukak ing 2016-09-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ Culture of Kolkata
↑ "India: Calcutta, the capital of culture-Telegraph". telegraph.co.uk. Dibukak ing 25 Juli 2016.
↑ Kolkata remains cultural capital of India
↑ India, Press Trust of. "Foundation of Kolkata Museum of Modern Art laid". business-standard.com. Dibukak ing 25 Juli 2016.
↑ "Sovan Chatterjee to be new Kolkata mayor". Hindustan Times. New Delhi. 6 Juni 2010. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 19 Juli 2011. Dibukak ing 26 April 2011.
↑ "Ranjit the sheriff". The Telegraph. 1 Januari 2014. Dibukak ing 17 Januari 2014.
↑ "New CP reaches slain cop's house with job letter". Times of India. 16 Fèbruari 2013. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2013-04-11. Dibukak ing 17 Fèbruari 2013.
↑ ^a ^b "District Census Handbook-Kolkata" (PDF). Census of India. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner. kc. 43. Dibukak ing 13 Mèi 2016.
↑ "Kolkata Municipal Corporation Demographics". Census of India. Dibukak ing 3 Juni 2016.
↑ Masalah sitiran: Tenger <ref> ora trep; ora ana tèks tumrap refs kanthi jeneng kolkatauapop2011
↑ "INDIA STATS : Million plus cities in India as per Census 2011". Press Information Bureau, Mumbai. National Informatics Centre. Dibukak ing 20 Agustus 2015.
↑ "Ebah-ebahan kabangsan ing Indhia Inggris". Kajawèn. No. 358. Balai Pustaka. 1 Mèi 1930. kc. 581. Dibukak ing 25 Dhésèmber 2017.^{[pranala mati permanèn]}
↑ John Hawksworth; Thomas Hoehn; Anmol Tiwari (Novèmber 2009). "Which are the largest city economies in the world and how might this change by 2025?" (PDF). PricewaterhouseCoopers. Diarsip saka sing asli (PDF) ing 18 April 2015. Dibukak ing 17 April 2015.
↑ Dutta, K.; Desai, A. (April 2008). Calcutta: a cultural history. Northampton, Massachusetts, US: Interlink Books. kc. 9–10. ISBN 978-1-56656-721-3.

Pranala njaba

Kolkata Municipal Corporation
Kalkuta ing Curlie
Panuntun plesiran Kalkuta saka Wikiwisata
Kolkata èntri Encyclopædia Britannica

[7] The Kolkata metropolitan area also includes portions of North 24 Parganas, South 24 Parganas, Howrah, Nadia, and Hooghly districts. See: Urban structure.

[1] List of city nicknames in India

[2] "Archive copy". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2013-12-03. Dibukak ing 2016-09-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[3] Culture of Kolkata

[4] "India: Calcutta, the capital of culture-Telegraph". telegraph.co.uk. Dibukak ing 25 Juli 2016.

[5] Kolkata remains cultural capital of India

[6] India, Press Trust of. "Foundation of Kolkata Museum of Modern Art laid". business-standard.com. Dibukak ing 25 Juli 2016.

[Mayor-8] "Sovan Chatterjee to be new Kolkata mayor". Hindustan Times. New Delhi. 6 Juni 2010. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 19 Juli 2011. Dibukak ing 26 April 2011.

[9] "Ranjit the sheriff". The Telegraph. 1 Januari 2014. Dibukak ing 17 Januari 2014.

[10] "New CP reaches slain cop's house with job letter". Times of India. 16 Fèbruari 2013. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2013-04-11. Dibukak ing 17 Fèbruari 2013.

[census1-11] "District Census Handbook-Kolkata" (PDF). Census of India. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner. kc. 43. Dibukak ing 13 Mèi 2016.

[KOL-12] "Kolkata Municipal Corporation Demographics". Census of India. Dibukak ing 3 Juni 2016.

[kolkatauapop2011-13] Masalah sitiran: Tenger <ref> ora trep; ora ana tèks tumrap refs kanthi jeneng kolkatauapop2011

[extended_UA_2011-14] "INDIA STATS : Million plus cities in India as per Census 2011". Press Information Bureau, Mumbai. National Informatics Centre. Dibukak ing 20 Agustus 2015.

[15] "Ebah-ebahan kabangsan ing Indhia Inggris". Kajawèn. No. 358. Balai Pustaka. 1 Mèi 1930. kc. 581. Dibukak ing 25 Dhésèmber 2017.^{[pranala mati permanèn]}

[pricewater-16] John Hawksworth; Thomas Hoehn; Anmol Tiwari (Novèmber 2009). "Which are the largest city economies in the world and how might this change by 2025?" (PDF). PricewaterhouseCoopers. Diarsip saka sing asli (PDF) ing 18 April 2015. Dibukak ing 17 April 2015.

[17] Dutta, K.; Desai, A. (April 2008). Calcutta: a cultural history. Northampton, Massachusetts, US: Interlink Books. kc. 9–10. ISBN 978-1-56656-721-3.

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Kolkata কলকাতা Calcutta
Megacity
Saarah jarum jam saka ndhuwur: Victoria Memorial, St. Paul's Cathedral, central business district, Howrah Bridge, jalur trèm kutha, Vidyasagar Bridge
Peparab: City of Joy City of Palaces^[1] Cultural Capital of India^[2]^[3] ^[4]^[5]^[6]
Negara	India
Negara pérangan	West Bengal
Divisi	Presidency
District	Kolkata^[A]
Pamaréntahan
• Jinis	Mayor–Council
• Body	KMC
• Mayor	Sovan Chatterjee^[7]
• Sheriff	Ranjit Mallik^[8]
• Police commissioner	Rajeev Kumar^[9]
Laladan^[10]
• Megacity	185 km² (79,151 sq mi)
• Métro	1.886,67 km² (728,45 sq mi)
Élepasi	9 m (30 ft)
Cacah warga (2011)^[10]^[11]
• Megacity	4,496,694
• Urut pepadhet	7th
• Pepadhet	0,024/km² (0/sq mi)
• Métro^[12]^[13]	14.112.536 14,617,882 (Extended UA)
• Metropolitan rank	3rd
Demonym(s)	Kolkatan
Zona wektu	IST (UTC+05:30)
ZIP code(s)	700 001 to 700 162
Kodhe laladan	+91-33
Plat montor	WB 01 to WB 10, WB 19 to WB 22
UN/LOCODE	IN CCU
Basa resmi	Bengali lan Inggris
Situs wèb	www.kmcgov.in
↑ The Kolkata metropolitan area also includes portions of North 24 Parganas, South 24 Parganas, Howrah, Nadia, and Hooghly districts. See: Urban structure.