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| Yabula-Yabula | |
|---|---|
| Jabulajabula, Ngarimoro | |
| Native to | Australia |
| Region | Victoria, New South Wales |
| Ethnicity | Ngarrimouro/Ngarrimowro |
| Extinct | (date missing) |
Pama–Nyungan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | yxy |
| Glottolog | yabu1234 |
| AIATSIS[1] | S38 |
| ELP | Yabula-Yabula |
Yabula-Yabula (Jabulajabula) in an extinct language of Australia, located in Victoria and New South Wales. Dixon listed it an isolate, but Glottolog evaluates it as a dialect of Yotayota.[2] It shares only 44% of its vocabulary with Yorta Yorta, so is best considered a separate language. This may due to the rapid lexical change involved after a person's death, as their name cannot be uttered.[3]
Phonology
Consonants
The consonants of Yabula-Yabula are likely the same as those in Yorta-Yorta, based on analysis of wordlists.[3]
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Retroflex | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | b | d̪ | d | ɟ | (ɖ) | ɡ |
| Nasal | m | n̪ | n | ɲ | (ɳ) | ŋ |
| Lateral | l | (ʎ) | (ɭ) | |||
| Rhotic | ɾ~r | (ɽ) | ||||
| Approximant | w | j |
Vowels
Vowels in Yabula-Yabula were likely also identical to those in Yorta-Yorta.[3]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
[e] is the rarest vowel. There are no vowel-initial words in Yabula-Yabula, but there are some in Yorta-Yorta, due to the deletion of [j] or sometimes [ŋ] before [a].
References
- ^ S38 Yabula-Yabula at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Heather Bowe and Stephen Morey. 1999. The Yorta Yorta (Bangerang) Language of the Murray Goulborn including Yabula Yabula. (Pacific Linguistics: Series C, 154.) Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.
- ^ a b c Bowe, Heather J.; Morey, Stephen (1999). The Yorta Yorta (Bangerang) language of the Murray Goulburn: including Yabula Yabula (PDF). Pacific linguistics, Series C (in eng-aus). Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, the Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-85883-513-9. OCLC 40792250.
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