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Ayaba
berry (en) , tropical and subtropical fruit (en) , 'ya'yan itace da tropical fruit (en)
Tarihi
Mai tsarawa	Agada, Musa (en) , Musa acuminata (en) , Musa balbisiana (en) da banana tree (en)

Ayaba abinci ne mai dan tsawo wanda ake kiransa a kimiyyance da berry.^[1][2] Sunan dangin waɗannan shuke-shuke a kimiyyance genus Musa.^[3]

A wasu kasashen, nau'in ayaba da ake amfani dashi wajen girki, ana kiran sa da suna" plantain" a maimakon ayaba na marmari. Kuma ana noman ayaba a yankuna masu zafin yanayi na duniya.^[4] Haka kuma ayaba suna girma a dunkule da junansu, wanda ke zanzarowa zuwa kasa. Wasu suna girma kamar shuke-shuke na ado, ko don zarensu.

Akwai kusan nau'ikan ayaba 110 daban-daban. A cikin al'adun gargajiya da kasuwanci, "ayaba" galibi tana nufin nau'in mai laushi da daɗi, wanda aka fi sani da ayaba mai zaki. Sauran nau'ikan, ko nau'ikan girbi, na ayaba suna da ƙarfi, 'ya'yan itacen da ba za su iya bayarwa ba. Wadancan galibi ana kiransu plantain. Ana amfani da furotin galibi don girki ko fiber.

Akanyi amfani da bawon ayaba don yin sabulu. A nahiyar Asiya, ana shuka ayaba don samar da inuwa ga shuke-shuke da suke bukatar inuwa, misali kofi, koko, namijin goro ko barkono baƙi. Saboda wannan, galibi ana iya samun shuke-shuken ayaba a cikin gonan wasu albarkatu.

Ayaba ita ce mafi yawan shuke-shuke daga nau'in shukar herbaceous masu furanni.^[5] Duka sassan dake tsirowa daga saman kasa suna girma ne a bisa sifar da ake kira "corm".^[6] Shukan ayaba kanyi tsawo kuma da rassa masu karfi wanda wasu ke kuskuresu da bishiya amma ba bishiya bace sai dai ana kiranta da suna pseudostem. Ayaba na iya tsirowa a wurare (kasa) daban-daban musamman idan kasa tana da zurfin akalla centimeter 60cm (2.0ft) sannan akwai hanyoyin ruwa kuma ba a cushe suke ba.^[7] Ganyen yana da sassa kamar stalk "petiole" da faifan ganye wato blade wanda ake kira "lamina". Shukokin ayaba suna da nasabobin girma daban-daban musamman ya danganta da yanayin wajen da aka shukasu. Mafi yawancinsu suna kai tsawon 5m (16ft), sai kuma gajerunsu wato 'Dwarf Carvendish' masu tsawon mita 3m (10ft) zuwa dogayensu 'Gros Michel' masu tsayin mita 7m (23ft) ko fiye da hakan.^[8][9] Ganyensa yana girma a kaikaice kuma yakan kai 2.7 metres (8.9 ft) a tsayi kuma 60 centimetres (2.0 ft) a fadi. Iska ka iya zubar dasu cikin sauki, wanda ke haifar da sifar shukan.^[10]

'Ya'yan Ayaba suna girma daga abunda ake kira zuciyar ayaba (Banana heart) wanda ke rataye a gungu (bunch of banana), wanda kanyi 'yaya fiye da 20 a dunkule da ake kira yatsu (wato hand a turance). Gungu daya kan kai nauyin awo tsakanin kilo 30 zuwa 50 (65 zuwa fam 110).

Ƴaƴan tace ɗaya yana da nauyin gram 125 (oce 4.4) a kan matsakaici; kimanin kashi uku cikin uku na wannan ruwa ne.

Kowane ayaba (ko yatsa ) yana da bawo dake kare ainihin dan marmarin (wanda ake kira ɓawo ko fata ). Akwai ɓangaren tsoka a ciki wanda ke sauƙaƙe zuwa sassa uku. Shine kawai sanannen 'ya'yan itace mai rarrafe a duniya.^{[ana buƙatar hujja] ]} Za a iya cin fata da ɓangaren ciki. Al'adun Yammacin Turai gabaɗaya suna cin ɗanyen cikin kuma zubar da fata. Wasu al'adun Asiya suna cin fata da ciki da dafaffe. Kowane ƴaƴan itace yana da igiyoyi masu yawa waɗanda suke gudana tsakanin fata da ɓangaren ciki.

Ayaba suna dauke da sinadarin bitamin B₆ da yawa, bitamin C, da potassium.

Ana noman ayaba aƙalla ƙasashe 107. Nau'oin ayaba da ke girma a cikin daji suna da yawa masu yawa, manyan iri, amma kusan duk ayaba da aka shuka don a ci tana da ' ya'yan itatuwa marasa 'ya'ya . Ayaba ana rarraba ta azaman kayan zaki ko kuma ayaba mai dafa abinci. Kusan dukkan ayaba na fitarwa nau'ikan kayan zaki ne. Kusan kusan kashi goma zuwa goma sha biyar na duk samarwar don fitarwa ne . Ayaba mai zaki za ta canza launinta kuma galibi ta zama rawaya, idan sun nuna; ayaba da ayaba gabaɗaya da ake amfani da su wajen dafa abinci suna zama kore. Wasu ayaba suna da wasu launuka idan sun girma.

Ƙasashen da suka fi samar da ayaba sun hada da India, Brazil, China, Ecuador da Philippines . Manyan ƙasashe biyar da suka fitar da ayaba sun haɗa da Ecuador, Costa Rica, Philippines, Colombia da Guatemala . Amurka, Tarayyar Turai da Japan sun fi sayen ayaba. Ayaba na daga cikin kayayyakin amfanin gona masu matuƙar daraja; Sun bayar da kusan kashi sittin cikin ɗari na kuɗaɗen fitarwa na Saint Lucia da kusan kashi goma sha biyu na Babban Haɗin Cikin Gida na ƙasar, tsakanin 1994 da 1996.

Wasu mutane basu san ayaba mussamman masu matsalar latex allergy ka iya cutuwa sanadiyyar cin ayaba.

Fiber da aka samo daga tsiron ayaba an yi amfani da shi don yin kayan masaka na dogon lokaci. A Japan, ana shuka ayaba don amfani dashi don sutura da cikin gida tun aƙalla ƙarni na 13 . A cikin tsarin Jafanawa, ana yanka ganye da harbe daga tsire-tsire lokaci-lokaci don tabbatar sun yi laushi. A girbe harbe dole ne na farko da za a Boiled a lye shirya zaruruwa ga yin na yarn . Wadannan harbewar banana suna samar da zaruruwa na bambancin digiri na laushi. Ana iya amfani dasu don yadudduka da yadudduka na ƙwarewa daban-daban, kuma don takamaiman amfani. Misali, zaren mafi ban tsoro na harbe sune mafi tsananin - suna da kyau ga kayan tebur . Fibobi mafi taushi mafi kyau kyawawa ne don kimono da kamishimo. Wannan tsari na yin kyallen Ayaba na gargajiya yana da matakai da yawa, duk ana yinsu da hannu.

Ana amfani da wani tsarin a Nepal . Akwai da akwati daga cikin banana shuka da aka girbe maimakon. Piecesananan guntun wannan akwatin sai a yi laushi. A zaruruwa ake cirewa mechanically, bleached, da kuma bushe . Daga nan sai a tura su zuwa Kathmandu Valley, inda ake ƙera manyan katifu. Waɗannan rutuna suna da laushi da halaye na gama gari kamar na siliki . Waɗannan zaren zaren na ayaba ana saka su ta hanyoyin gargajiyar gargajiyar ƙasar Nepalese.

Matsakaiciyar ayaba zata samar da kusan 320-400 MG na potassium, wanda ya sadu da kusan kashi 10% na bukatun potassium na yau da kullun. Potassium yana taimakawa jikinka dan kiyaye lafiyayyar zuciya da hawan jini. Bugu da kari, ayaba suna da karancin sinadarin sodium. Soarancin sodium da babban hadewar potassium yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa hawan jini.

Ana kuma amfani da fiber na ayaba don yin takardar ayaba . Akwai takardar ayaba iri biyu: takarda da aka yi daga bawo, da takarda da aka yi daga zare da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa da ba a amfani da su.

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  Flower na a banana plant.This Hoton da aka dauka a jihar Botanical gidãjen Aljanna a kan tsibirin na La zumunci
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  Bakin ayaba a Kew Gardens a Landan
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  Ayaba a kan shuka a Morocco
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  'Ya'yan ayaba irin na daji suna da manya-manyan tsaba.

• Media related to Bananas at Wikimedia Commons</img>

• Ibn al-'Awwam, Yaḥyá (1864). Le livre de l'agriculture d'Ibn-al-Awam (kitab-al-felahah) (in French). Translated by J.-J. Clement-Mullet. Paris: A. Franck. OCLC 780050566.

• Nelson, S.C.; Ploetz, R.C. & Kepler, A.K. (2006). "Musa species (bananas and plantains)" (PDF). In Elevitch, C.R (ed.). Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry. Hōlualoa, Hawai'i: Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 28, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2013.

• Office of the Gene Technology Regulator (2008). The Biology of Musa L. (banana) (PDF). Australian Government. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 3, 2012. Retrieved January 30, 2013.

• Ploetz, R.C.; Kepler, A.K.; Daniells, J. & Nelson, S.C. (2007). "Banana and Plantain: An Overview with Emphasis on Pacific Island Cultivars" (PDF). In Elevitch, C.R (ed.). Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry. Hōlualoa, Hawai'i: Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR). Archived (PDF) from the original on January 1, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2013.

• Stover, R.H. & Simmonds, N.W. (1987). Bananas (3rd ed.). Harlow, England: Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-46357-8.

• Valmayor, Ramón V.; Jamaluddin, S.H.; Silayoi, B.; Kusumo, S.; Danh, L.D.; Pascua, O.C. & Espino, R.R.C. (2000). Banana cultivar names and synonyms in Southeast Asia (PDF). Los Baños, Philippines: International Network for Improvement of Banana and Plantain – Asia and the Pacific Office. ISBN 978-971-91751-2-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 30, 2013. Retrieved January 8, 2013.

1. ↑ "Banana from 'Fruits of Warm Climates' by Julia Morton". Hort.purdue.edu. Archived from the originalon April 15, 2009. Retrieved April 16, 2009.
2. ↑ Armstrong, Wayne P. "Identification Of Major Fruit Types". Wayne's Word: An On-Line Textbook of Natural History. Archived from the original on November 20, 2011. Retrieved August 17, 2013
3. ↑ Banana". Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Archived from the original on March 9, 2013. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
4. ↑ agroforestry.net
5. ↑ Picq, Claudine & INIBAP, eds. (2000). Bananas (PDF)(English ed.). Montpellier: International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantains/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. ISBN 978-2-910810-37-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 11, 2013. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
6. ↑ Stover & Simmonds 1987, pp. 5–9.
7. ↑ Stover & Simmonds 1987, p. 212.
8. ↑ Nelson, Ploetz & Kepler 2006, p. 26.
9. ↑ Ploetz et al. 2007, p. 12.
10. ↑ See Greenearth, Inc., Banana Plant Growing Info. Retrieved 2008.12.20.