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Crossover thrash | |
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Stylistic origins | |
Cultural origins | Early 1980s, United States (Greater Los Angeles Area, New York City, San Francisco, Bay Area, Houston). Mid-1980s, Australia (Sydney). |
Typical instruments |
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Derivative forms | |
Fusion genres | |
Regional scenes | |
Local scenes | |
Other topics | |
Crossover thrash (often abbreviated to crossover) is a fusion genre of thrash metal and hardcore punk. The genre lies on a continuum between heavy metal and hardcore punk. Other genres on the same continuum, such as metalcore and grindcore, may overlap with crossover thrash.
Terminological ambiguity
The genre is often confused with thrashcore, which is essentially a faster hardcore punk rather than a more punk-oriented form of metal.[1][2] Throughout the early and mid 1980s, the term "thrash" was often used as a synonym for hardcore punk (as in the New York Thrash compilation of 1982). The term "thrashcore" to distinguish acts of the genre from others was not coined until at least 1993.[3] Many crossover bands, such as D.R.I.,[4] began as influential thrashcore bands.[1] The "-core" suffix of "thrashcore" is sometimes used to distinguish it from crossover thrash and thrash metal, the latter of which is often referred to simply as "thrash", which in turn is rarely used to refer to crossover thrash or thrashcore. Thrashcore is occasionally used by the music press to refer to thrash metal-inflected metalcore.[5]
History
Crossover thrash evolved when performers in metal began borrowing elements of hardcore punk's music. Void and their 1982 Split LP with fellow D.C. band The Faith are hailed as one of the earliest examples of hardcore/heavy metal crossover and their chaotic musical approach is often cited as particularly influential.[6][7][8] Punk-based metal bands generally evolved into the genre by developing a more technically advanced approach than the average hardcore outfit (which focused on very fast tempos and very brief songs);[9] these bands were more metal-sounding and aggressive than traditional hardcore punk and thrashcore.[10] The initial contact between punk rock and heavy metal involved a "fair amount of mutual loathing. Despite their shared devotion to speed, spite, shredded attire and stomping on distortion pedals, their relationship seemed, at first, unlikely."[11]
While Motörhead explored punk in the late '70s, it was UK hardcore that drew "...inspiration from metal's volcanic heart" to create a "bludgeoning tonality and cataclysmic narratives" that "bridged the gulf" between metal and punk; the key band is "UK hardcore's most crucial band: Discharge", which from 1980 to 1983 "challenged prevailing notions of what punk was supposed to sound like, and in doing so revolutionized the prospects of metal."[11]
Especially early on, crossover thrash had a strong affinity with skate punk, but gradually became more and more the province of metal audiences. The scene gestated at a Berkeley club called Ruthie's, in 1984.[12] The term "metalcore" was originally used to refer to these crossover groups.[1]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Mike_Muir.jpg/220px-Mike_Muir.jpg)
As Steven Blush said,
It was natural. The most intense music, after Black Flag and Dead Kennedys, was Slayer and Metallica. Therefore, that's where everybody was going. That turned into a culture war, basically."[13]
Hardcore punk groups Corrosion of Conformity,[14][15][16][17] D.R.I.,[18] Ludichrist,[19] and Suicidal Tendencies toured heavily.[20][21] This scene influenced the skinhead wing of New York hardcore, including crossover groups such as Cro-Mags,[22] Murphy's Law, Agnostic Front,[23] and Warzone.[24]
In the October 1984 issue of Maximum Rocknroll, famed Metallica LP cover artist Brian "Pushead" Schroeder wrote "You ain't heard this! Blisters with speedcore franticness, mean with whining licks as it kicks into a maniac pace. Well organized melodies that cry out in terrorizing metallic thrash. While some bands are trying to be metal, English Dogs are just the dawning of speedcore!", referring to the EP To the End's of the Earth. Other prominent crossover thrash groups include Crumbsuckers,[4] Cryptic Slaughter,[4] Discharge, Ludichrist,[25] Municipal Waste and Stormtroopers of Death.[18][26][4]
See also
References
- ^ a b c Felix von Havoc. "Maximum Rock'n'Roll #198". Archived from the original on June 5, 2008. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
- ^ "Powerviolence: The Dysfunctional Family of Bllleeeeaaauuurrrgghhh!!". Terrorizer no. 172. July 2008. p. 36-37.
- ^ As Max Ward writes, "625 started in 1993 in order to help out the local Bay Area thrashcore scene." Ward, Max (2000). "About 625". 625 Thrashcore. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
- ^ a b c d DiStefano, Alex (February 23, 2015). "The 10 Best Crossover Thrash Bands". LA Weekly. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
- ^ Stewart Voegtlin, "Soulfly Cranks Up the Thrash and Triggers a Debacle", Village Voice, July 29, 2008. [1] Access date: July 31, 2008.
- ^ Burton, Brent (August 30, 2011). "Two classic D.C. hardcore bands empty their vaults". Washington City Paper. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
- ^ "Faith/Void Split". Sputnikmusic. June 5, 2011. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
- ^ "The Faith/Void Split LP". Allmusic. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
- ^ "Fast, Cheap and Out of Control/Director Paul Rachman retraces the history of punk rock". Filmmaker Magazine. September 22, 2006.
- ^ "Hardcore And Crust". Metal Music Archives. June 5, 2011. Archived from the original on September 29, 2014. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
- ^ a b Hayes, Craig (May 29, 2012). "Love, and Other Indelible Stains". www.popmatters.com. Pop Matters. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
- ^ Blush, p. 115
- ^ Reed, Bryan C. "Corrosion of Conformity: An oral history of 30 years | Music Essay". Indy Week. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
- ^ Blush, p. 193
- ^ "Mywire.com". Mywire.com. Archived from the original on January 13, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
- ^ "Welcome to ActivePaper". Digitalnewspapers.libraries.psu.edu. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
- ^ "Pickups.(guitar playing and recording techniques of artists and music groups)". Guitar Player. February 1, 2001.
- ^ a b Peter Jandreus, The Encyclopedia of Swedish Punk 1977-1987, Stockholm: Premium Publishing, 2008, p. 11.
- ^ "Thrash Producers: The Sound and the Fury". August 17, 2010.
- ^ Christe, Ian: Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal (2003), p. 184
- ^ "Rockpages.gr interview with Suicidal Tendencies". Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
- ^ "1986's Best Heavy Metal Albums". Archived from the original on February 5, 2009. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
- ^ Blush, p. 186
- ^ Blush, p. 188
- ^ Alexandros Anesiadis, Crossover The Edge: Where Hardcore, Punk and Metal Collide, London: PCherry Red Books, 2019, p. 36.
- ^ "Anthrax Trying To Find Their Voice; Plus Danzig, Children Of Bodom & More News That Rules, In Metal File". MTV. Archived from the original on December 5, 2008. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
Bibliography
- Blush, Steven and Petros, George (2001). American Hardcore: A Tribal History. Los Angeles: Feral House. ISBN 0-922915-71-7.
- Waksman, Steve (2009). This Ain't the Summer of Love: Conflict and Crossover in Heavy Metal and Punk. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25310-0.