Histopathology image classification: Highlighting the gap between manual analysis and AI automation

PX-1
Legal status
Legal status	CA: Schedule II; DE: NpSG (Industrial and scientific use only); UK: Class B;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (S)-N-(1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide;
CAS Number	2221100-71-4 ;
PubChem CID	125181260;
ChemSpider	32055575;
UNII	BJ7SBQ2H5I;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C23H26FN3O2
Molar mass	395.478 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES O=C(N[C@H](C(N)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CN(CCCCCF)C3=C2C=CC=C3;
	InChI InChI=1S/C23H26FN3O2/c24-13-7-2-8-14-27-16-19(18-11-5-6-12-21(18)27)23(29)26-20(22(25)28)15-17-9-3-1-4-10-17/h1,3-6,9-12,16,20H,2,7-8,13-15H2,(H2,25,28)(H,26,29)/t20-/m0/s1; Key:DDVANTXQCRMRFF-FQEVSTJZSA-N;

PX-1 (also known as 5F-APP-PICA and SRF-30) is an indole-based synthetic cannabinoid that has been sold online as a designer drug.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Legality

Sweden's public health agency suggested classifying PX-1 as hazardous substance on November 10, 2014.^[4]

PX-1 is listed in the Fifth Schedule of the Misuse of Drugs Act (MDA) and therefore illegal in Singapore as of May 2015.^[5]

^ "PX 1". Cayman Chemical. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
^ Presley BC, Logan BK, Jansen-Varnum SA (March 2020). "Phase I metabolism of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist PX-1 (5F-APP-PICA) via incubation with human liver microsomes and UHPLC-HRMS". Biomedical Chromatography. 34 (3): e4786. doi:10.1002/bmc.4786. PMID 31863591. S2CID 209435138.
^ Dahm P, Thomas A, Rothschild MA, Thevis M, Mercer-Chalmers-Bender K (July 2022). "Phase I-metabolism studies of the synthetic cannabinoids PX-1 and PX-2 using three different in vitro models". Forensic Toxicology. 40 (2): 244–262. doi:10.1007/s11419-021-00606-6. PMC 9715525. PMID 36454402. S2CID 245540105.
^ "Cannabinoider föreslås bli klassade som hälsofarlig vara" [Cannabinoids are proposed to be classified as dangerous to health] (in Swedish). Folkhälsomyndigheten. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
^ "Misuse of Drugs Act". Singapore Government. 30 April 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.

Legal status

Legal status	CA: Schedule II DE: NpSG (Industrial and scientific use only) UK: Class B
Identifiers
IUPAC name (S)-N-(1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide
CAS Number	2221100-71-4^Y
PubChem CID	125181260
ChemSpider	32055575
UNII	BJ7SBQ2H5I
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₃H₂₆FN₃O₂
Molar mass	395.478 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=C(N[C@H](C(N)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CN(CCCCCF)C3=C2C=CC=C3
InChI InChI=1S/C23H26FN3O2/c24-13-7-2-8-14-27-16-19(18-11-5-6-12-21(18)27)23(29)26-20(22(25)28)15-17-9-3-1-4-10-17/h1,3-6,9-12,16,20H,2,7-8,13-15H2,(H2,25,28)(H,26,29)/t20-/m0/s1 Key:DDVANTXQCRMRFF-FQEVSTJZSA-N