Histopathology image classification: Highlighting the gap between manual analysis and AI automation
Contents
Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Oxivent, Tersigan, Tersigat, Ventilat |
Other names | N-Ethylscopolammonium bromide; Ba 253; Ba 253BR-L; Ba 253Br; Hyoscine ethobromide; N-Ethylnorscopolamine methyl bromide; Scopolamine ethobromide |
AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
ATC code | |
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CAS Number | |
ChemSpider | |
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ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.045.543 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C19H26BrNO4 |
Molar mass | 412.324 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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Oxitropium bromide (trade names Oxivent, Tersigan) is an anticholinergic used as a bronchodilator for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.[1]
It was patented in 1966 and approved for medical use in 1983.[2]
Synthesis
The natural product, norscopolamine (1),[3] is converted by two alkylation reactions into oxitropium bromide. The first, with bromoethane, gives the N-ethyl intermediate (2), which is treated with bromomethane.[4] [5][6]
References
- ^ Restrepo RD (July 2007). "Use of inhaled anticholinergic agents in obstructive airway disease". Respiratory Care. 52 (7): 833–51. PMID 17594728.
- ^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 447. ISBN 9783527607495.
- ^ Ripperger, H (1995). "(S)-scopolamine and (S)-norscopolamine from Atropanthe sinensis". Planta Med. 61 (3): 292–3. doi:10.1055/s-2006-958082. PMID 7617778.
- ^ Rolf Banholzer, Werner Schulz, Gerhard Walther, Helmut Wick, Karl Zeile, U.S. patent 3,472,861 (1969 to Boehringer Sohn Ingelheim).
- ^ Rolf Banholzer, Werner Schulz, & Karl Zeile, U.S. patent 3,538,102 (1970 to CH Boehringer Sohn AG and Co KG, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH).
- ^ "Oxitropium bromide". Thieme. Retrieved 2024-07-01.