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In Greek mythology, Moros /ˈmɔːrɒs/ or Morus /ˈmɔːrəs/ (Ancient Greek: Μόρος means 'doom, fate'[1]) is the personified spirit of impending doom,[2] who drives mortals to their deadly fate. It was also said that Moros gave people the ability to foresee their death. His Roman equivalent was Fatum.
Family
Moros is the offspring of Nyx, the primordial goddess of the night. It is suggested by Roman authors that Moros was sired by Erebus, primordial god of darkness.[3] However, in Hesiod's Theogony it is suggested that Nyx bore him by herself, along with several of her other children.
Regardless of the presence or absence of Moros' father, this would make him the brother of the Moirai, or the Fates. Among his other siblings are Thanatos and the Keres, death spirits who represented the physical aspects of death—Keres being the bringers of violent death and terminal sickness, while Thanatos represents a more peaceful passing.
Mythology
In Prometheus Bound, the titular Titan suggests that he gave humanity the spirit Elpis, the personification of hope, in order to help them ignore the inevitability of Moros.[4] He is also referred to as "the all-destroying god, who, even in the realm of Death, does not set his victim free,"[5] further supporting his image as representative of the inevitability of death and suffering.
Aeschylus' account
Aeschylus, Fragment 199 (from Plutarch, Life and Poety of Homer 157) (trans. Weir Smyth):
"A man dies not for the many wounds that pierce his breast, unless it be that life's end keep pace with death, nor by sitting on his hearth at home doth he the more escape his appointed doom (peprômenon moros)."[6]
The word moros is not personified here but the passage provides a clear picture of the concept.
Christianity
Along with Thanatos, he is associated as the rider of the pale horse in the Apocalypse.[7][8]
Notes
- ^ μόρος. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
- ^ Hesiod, Theogony 211
- ^ Hyginus, Fabulae Preface; Cicero, De Natura Deorum 3.17
- ^ "Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound, line 244". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
- ^ "Aeschylus, Suppliant Women, line 407". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
- ^ Perrin, Bernadotte (1959–67). Plutarch's Lives. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
- ^ "Apocalypse of John", The King James Bible, retrieved 2023-11-05
- ^ Rev 6:8
References
- Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Hesiod, Theogony from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
- Marcus Tullius Cicero, Nature of the Gods from the Treatises of M.T. Cicero translated by Charles Duke Yonge (1812-1891), Bohn edition of 1878. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Marcus Tullius Cicero, De Natura Deorum. O. Plasberg. Leipzig. Teubner. 1917. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
