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Ndịna
Zulu isiZulu | ||
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Spoken in: | South Africa, Lesotho | |
Total speakers: | Templeeti:Sigfig million | |
Language family: | Nnijer–Kongo Atlantic–Congo Volta-Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Zulu | |
Language codes | ||
ISO 639-1: | none | |
ISO 639-2: | — | |
ISO 639-3: | zul | |
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. |
/'zuːluː/ (/ˈzuːluː/ ZOO-loo), ma ọ bụ isiZulu dị ka endonym, bụ asụsụ Southern Bantu nke Alaka Nguni nke a na-asụ na Southern Africa. [1] bụ asụsụ nke Ndị Zulu, nke nwere ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 13.56 na-asụ ya, ndị bi na mpaghara KwaZulu-Natal na South Africa. Zulu [1] asụsụ a na-asụkarị na South Africa (24% nke ndị bi na ya), ihe karịrị 50% nke ndị bi ya na-aghọta ya. [2] ghọrọ otu n'ime Asụsụ iri na abụọ nke South Africa na 1994.
Dị ka Ethnologue si kwuo, ọ bụ asụsụ nke abụọ a na-asụkarị n'Asụsụ Bantu, na-esote Swahili.[lower-alpha 1] Dị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Bantu, a na-eji Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Latịn dee ya.
[3]'asụsụ Bekee nke South Africa, a na-akpọkarị asụsụ ahụ n'ụdị ala ya, isiZulu.
Ebe a na-ekesa ya
Ndị Zulu na-akwaga mba ọzọ akpọrọla ya gaa n'ógbè ndị gbara ya gburugburu, ọkachasị Zimbabwe, ebe asụsụ Ndebele nke Northern (isiNdebele) nwere njikọ chiri anya na Zulu.
[4] na-elekarị Xhosa, asụsụ kachasị na Eastern Cape, anya dị ka ihe na-aghọta na Zulu, dị ka Northern Ndebele.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ndị Zulu, dị ka ndị Xhosa na Ndị Nguni ndị ọzọ, ebiela na South Africa ọtụtụ narị afọ. Asụsụ Zulu nwere ọtụtụ ụda click nke asụsụ ndịda Afrịka, nke a na-adịghị ahụ na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke Afrịka. Ndị Nguni na agbụrụ ndị ọzọ dị n'ebe ndịda dị ka San na Khoi ebikọtala.
Zulu, dị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ ndịda Afrịka, abụghị asụsụ edere ede ruo mgbe ndị ozi ala ọzọ si Europe rutere, bụ ndị dere asụsụ ahụ site na iji mkpụrụedemede Latin. E bipụtara akwụkwọ ụtọ asụsụ mbụ nke asụsụ Zulu na Norway na 1850 site n'aka onye ozi ala ọzọ Norwegian Hans Schreuder . [5] Ihe odide mbụ e dere n'asụsụ Zulu bụ nsụgharị Bible nke pụtara na 1883. N'afọ 1901, John Dube (1871-1946), onye Zulu si Natal, mepụtara Ohlange Institute, ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ mbụ na South Africa. Ọ bụkwa onye dere Insila kaShaka, akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ e dere na Zulu (1930). Onye edemede Zulu ọzọ bụ Reginald Dhlomo, onye dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị isi mba Zulu nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu: U-Dingane (1936), U-Shaka (1937), U-Mpande (1938), U-Cetshwayo (1952) na U-Dinizulu (1968). Ndị ọzọ a ma ama nyere aka na akwụkwọ Zulu gụnyere Benedict Wallet Vilakazi na, n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Oswald Mbuyiseni Mtshali.
Ọdịdị nke mgbọrọgwụ Zulu
Enwere ike ijikọta mgbọrọgwụ na ọtụtụ prefixes wee si otú a mepụta okwu ndị ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ebe a bụ tebụl nwere okwu ụfọdụ sitere na mgbọrọgwụ -Zulu na -ntu (mgbọrọgwụ maka onye / ndị mmadụ):
Okwu mbido | -zulu | -Ntinye |
---|---|---|
um (u) | umZulu (onye Zulu) | Onye (onye) |
ama, aba | amaZulu (ndị Zulu) | abantu (ndị mmadụ) |
isi | isiZulu (asụsụ Zulu) | Human (omenala, Isi nketa, ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ) |
ubu | ubuZulu (ọdịdị / ọdịdị yiri nke Zulu) | Ubuntu (mmadụ, ọmịiko) |
kwa | kwaZulu (ebe ndị Zulu bi) | - |
m (li) | izulu (ikuku/Elu/eluigwe) | - |
pha | N'Elu (n'elu) | - |
na | Zulu (n'elu, n'elu, site n'eluigwe) | - |
Nkọwapụta ahịrịokwu na ederede
Ihe na-esonụ bụ ndepụta nke ahịrịokwu ndị a pụrụ iji mee ihe mgbe mmadụ gara mpaghara nke asụsụ ya bụ isi bụ Zulu:
Zulu | Bekee |
---|---|
Sawubona | Hello, nye otu onye |
Sanibonani | Ekele, nye otu ìgwè mmadụ |
Ọ̀ Bụ Onye Ọhụrụ? / Ninjani? | Olee otú ị si abụ? / Olee otú ị si (pl.)? |
Ngiyaphila / Siyaphila | Anọ m mma / Anyị dị mma |
Ngiyabonga (kakhulu) | Ekele (ọtụtụ) |
Ònye ka a na-akpọ gị? | Gịnị bụ aha gị? |
Aha lami ngu... | Aha m bụ... |
Oge Sithini Ọ̀ Bụ? | Olee oge? |
Ngingakusiza? | Enwere m ike inyere gị aka? |
Ọ̀ bụ ebe a ka ọ nọ? | Ebee ka ị ga-anọ? |
Uphumaphi? | Ebee ka ị si? |
Hamba dị mma / Ụlọ dị mma | Gaa nke ọma / Nwee nke ọma, jiri ya mee ihe dị ka nke ọma. Onye nọ n'ebe ahụ na-ekwu "Hamba kahle", onye na-apụkwa na-ekwu ""Sala kahle". Nsụgharị ndị ọzọ gụnyere [6] gently na Walk in peace. |
Hambani nke ọma / Salani nke ọma | Gaa nke ọma / Nwee nke ọma, nye otu ndị mmadụ |
Eish! | Wow! (Enweghị ezigbo ihe yiri ya na Europe, nke a na-eji na Bekee South Africa) (ị nwere ike ịnwale ọkara mkparị, dị ka oh my gosh ma ọ bụ ihe heck. Ọ na-egosipụta echiche nke ihe ijuanya na ihe ijuanya) |
Hhayibo | Mba! / Kwụsị! / Enweghị ụzọ! (nke a na-ejikwa na Bekee South Africa) |
Yebo | Ee |
Cha | Mba |
Angazi | Amaghị m |
Uyasikhuluma isiNgisi na? | Ị na-asụ Bekee? |
Ngisaqala ukufunda isiZulu | Amalitere m ịmụ asụsụ Zulu |
Olee ebe ọ pụtara? | Gịnị ka ị pụtara? |
Ngiyakutọ. | "Ahụrụ m gị n'anya" |
Ihe ndị na-esonụ sitere na mbido iwu South Africa:
Thina, bantu isi nke South Afrika, Siyakukhumbula ukucekelwa phansi kwamalungelo okwenzeka eminyakeni eyadlula; Sibungaza labo abahluphekela ubulungiswa nenkululeko kulo mhlaba wethu; Sihlonipha labo abasebenzela ukwakha nokuthuthukisa izwe anyị; na Sikholelwa ekutheniingizimu iN Afrika ingeyabo bonke abahlala, kuyo sibene nakuba singafani. |
Nsụgharị:
Anyị, ndị South Africa, kweta ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke oge gara aga anyị; sọpụrụ ndị tara ahụhụ maka ikpe ziri ezi na nnwere onwe n'ala anyị; sọọrọ ndị rụrụ ọrụ iji wuo ma melite mba anyị; ma kwere na South Africa bụ nke ndị niile bi na ya, jikọtara n'ụdị dị iche iche anyị. |
Ịgụ ọnụ na isiZulu
Ọnụ ọgụgụ site na 1 ruo 10
Usoro ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ dijitalụ na mkpịsị aka na-amalite site na obere mkpịsị ụkwụ nke aka ekpe gaa na mkpịakọta aka ekpe wee gaa n'ihu na mkpịuko aka nri gaa na obere mkpụsị aka nri. Malite na aka ekpe mechiri emechi, a na-agbatị mkpịsị aka ọ bụla na nọmba ọ bụla na-esote site na otu ruo ise. Ozugbo aka ekpe meghere, mgbe ahụ ịgụta na-aga n'ihu n'aka nri na mkpịsị aka ọ bụla meghere n'otu n'otu. Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche na isiZulu, aha maka nọmba isii ruo itoolu na-egosipụta ma ọ bụ asaa ahụ nke mkpịsị aka (isii, isithupha, pụtara "otu mkpịsị ụkwụ"), omume (asaa, isikhombisa, pụtara "onye na-egosi"), ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ / ọnọdụ (asatọ ma ọ bụ isgalombilibilibilibili, pụtara "abụọ fọdụrụ", na itoolu ma ọ bụ isishiyagalolunye, na-egosi "otu fọdụrụ"). [7]
IsiZulu | Bekee |
---|---|
Kunye | Otu |
Kubili | Abụọ |
Kuthathu | Atọ |
Kune | Anọ |
Isi ọnyà | Ise |
Isithupha | Isii |
Isikhombisa | asaa |
Isishiyagalombili | Asatọ |
Isishiyagalolunye | Iri na Abụọ |
Ishumi | Iri |
Ọnwa
Ọnwa n'asụsụ Zulu
Bekee | Zulu |
---|---|
Jenụwarị | uMasingana |
Febụwarị | Nhlolanja |
Njem | uNdasa |
Eprel | uMbaso |
May | Nkwupụta |
June | N'oge a na-adịghị anya |
Julaị | Ntulikazi |
Ọgọstụ | Nkwupụta |
Septemba | Mandula |
Ọktoba | uMfumfu |
Nọvemba | Lwezi |
Disemba | uZibandlela |
Okwu Zulu n'asụsụ Bekee nke South Africa
Bekee South Africa amịala ọtụtụ okwu site n'asụsụ Zulu. Ndị ọzọ, dị ka aha anụmanụ ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ (impala na mamba bụ aha Zulu) abanyewo n'ime Bekee. Ihe atụ ole na ole nke okwu Zulu eji eme ihe na Bekee South Africa:
- muti (site na umuthi) - ọgwụ
- Donga (site na udonga) - olulu mmiri (udonga pụtara "mgbidi" na Zulu ma bụrụkwa aha maka olulu mmiri kpatara)
- indaba - nzukọ (ọ pụtara "ihe akụkọ"' na Zulu)
- induna - onyeisi ma ọ bụ onye ndú
- songololo (site na isongololo) - millipede
- Ubuntu - ọmịiko / mmadu.
Hụkwa
- Impi
- Shaka kaSenzangakhona
- Tsotsitaal - Asụsụ Creole nke dabeere na Zulu nke a na-asụ na Soweto
- Asụsụ Xhosa
- Asụsụ Ndebele nke Ebe Ugwu
Ihe edeturu
.
Edensibia
Ohlange Institute, ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ mbụ na South Africa. Ọ bụkwa onye dere Insila kaShaka, akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ e dere na Zulu (1930). Onye edemede Zulu ọzọ bụ Reginald Dhlomo, onye dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọOhlange Institute, ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ mbụ na South Africa. Ọ bụkwa onye dere Insila kaShaka, akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ e dere na Zulu (1930). Onye edemede Zulu ọzọ bụ Reginald Dhlomo, onye dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ
- ↑ Ethnologue 2005
- ↑ Carter (2016). Languages In The World: How History, Culture, and Politics Shape Language. Wiley, 139. ISBN 9781118531280.
- ↑ sahoboss. "Zulu", South African History Online, 2011-04-03. Retrieved on 2018-06-17. (in en)
- ↑ NorthernNdebele.blogspot.com NorthernNdebele.blogspot.com
- ↑ Rakkenes, Øystein (2003) Himmelfolket: En Norsk Høvding i Zululand, Oslo: Cappelen Forlag, pp. 63–65
- ↑ Zulu English Dictionary
- ↑ Ayonrinde (2020-06-12). "The salience and symbolism of numbers across cultural beliefs and practice". International Review of Psychiatry 33 (1–2): 179–188. DOI:10.1080/09540261.2020.1769289. ISSN 0954-0261. PMID 32527165.
Ebe e si nweta ya
Akwụkwọ
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
Njikọ mpụga
- Nkwupụta Ụwa Nile Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na Zulu
- Asụsụ South Africa: IsiZulu
- Onye na-ede okwu n'asụsụ Bekee-isiZulu-Japan. faịlụ ụda
- Ndepụta Zulu Swadesh nke okwu ndị bụ isi (site na Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix)
- Ịgụ ọnụ n'asụsụ Zulu
Ihe ọmụmụ
- Kụziere m! Zulu - PDF akwụkwọ ọrụ Zulu
- Zulu na Dingani - Usoro onye mbido n'ịntanetị
- Mahadum nke South Africa, n'efu online course
- Sifunda isiZulu!
Asụsụ
Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu
Akwụkwọ akụkọ
- Isolezwe
- Ilanga
- UmAfrika
- Izindaba News24
Software
- Spell checker maka OpenOffice.org na Mozilla, OpenOffice. org, Mozilla Firefox web-browser, na Mozilla Thunderbird email program na Zulu
- Translate.org.za Project iji sụgharịa Free na Open Source Software n'asụsụ niile nke South Africa gụnyere Zulu
- PanAfrican L10n wiki page on Zulu
Akwụkwọ na ọdịbendị
Templeeti:Languages of LesothoTempleeti:Languages of South AfricaTempleeti:Languages of SwazilandTempleeti:Languages of MozambiqueTempleeti:Narrow Bantu languages