Effects of the storage conditions on the stability of natural and synthetic cannabis in biological matrices for forensic toxicology analysis: An update from the literature

Posted on February 13, 2023 By LabLynx Journal articles

This article is about the American TV channel. For other channels, see List of international Turner Classic Movies channels.
Turner Classic Movies
CountryUnited States
Broadcast areaNationwide
HeadquartersAtlanta, Georgia, U.S.
Programming
Language(s)English
(imported feature films are broadcast in their native languages, provided with English subtitling)
Picture format1080i HDTV
(downscaled to 480i letterboxed for the SDTV feed)
Ownership
OwnerWarner Bros. Discovery
ParentWarner Bros. Discovery Networks
History
LaunchedApril 14, 1994; 30 years ago (1994-04-14)
FounderTed Turner
Links
Websitewww.tcm.com
Availability
Streaming media
Affiliated Streaming ServiceMax
TCM.comWatch TCM (U.S. pay-TV subscribers only)
Hulu with Live TV, Sling TV, YouTube TV

Turner Classic Movies (TCM) is an American movie-oriented pay-TV network owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. Launched in 1994, Turner Classic Movies is headquartered at Turner's Techwood broadcasting campus in the Midtown business district of Atlanta, Georgia.

The channel's programming consists mainly of classic theatrically released feature films from the Turner Entertainment Co. film library – which comprises films from Warner Bros. (covering films released before 1950), Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (covering films released before May 1986), and the North American distribution rights to films from RKO Radio Pictures. However, Turner Classic Movies also licenses films from other studios and occasionally shows more recent films.

The channel is available in the United States, Canada, Malta (as Turner Classic Movies), Latin America, France, Greece, Cyprus, Spain, the Middle East & Africa (as TNT)

History

Origins

In 1985, nine years before the launch of Turner Classic Movies, Ted Turner announced plans to acquire the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) film studio for $1.5 billion.[1] On March 25, 1986, the deal was finalized,[2] with Turner renaming the studio MGM Entertainment Co.[3] Furthermore, Turner's purchase of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer separated the studio from United Artists, which remained with Kirk Kerkorian, after they had merged in 1981.[1] However, concerns over MGM and Turner Broadcasting's corporate debt load (totaling $2 billion) resulted in Turner selling the studio back to Kerkorian, from whom Turner had purchased the studio less than a year before.[4]

On August 26, 1986, Turner sold MGM's production and distribution assets for $300 million to United Artists, while MGM's production and film laboratories were sold for $190 million to Lorimar-Telepictures.[5][6] However, Turner Broadcasting still retained the MGM film library, primarily for its cable "superstation" WTBS.[4][7] Following the exchange, Turner rebranded his organization Turner Entertainment Company.[8]

The film library of Turner Entertainment Co. would serve as the base form of programming for Turner Classic Movies upon the network's launch. Before the creation of Turner Classic Movies, films from Turner's library of movies aired on the Turner Broadcasting System's advertiser-supported cable network TNT along with colorized versions of black-and-white classics such as The Maltese Falcon.

Launch and contributions (1994–1996)

Logo used from 2013 to 2021
In May 2009, host Robert Osborne and Charles Tabesh, senior vice president for programming, accepted Turner Classic Movies' Institutional Peabody Award "for a continuing, powerful commitment to a central concept—the place of film in social and cultural experience".[9]

Turner Classic Movies debuted on April 14, 1994, at 6 p.m. Eastern Time, with Ted Turner launching the channel at a ceremony in New York City's Times Square district.[10][11] The date and time were chosen to mark the exact centennial anniversary of the first commercial exhibition of a motion picture in the United States.[12] Gone with the Wind (1939) was the first film broadcast on TCM; it was also the same film that served as the debut broadcast of its sister channel TNT six years earlier on October 3, 1988.[13] At the time of its launch, Turner Classic Movies was available to approximately 1 million cable television subscribers.[14]

The network originally served as a competitor to AMC, which at the time was known as "American Movie Classics" and maintained a virtually identical format to Turner Classic Movies, as both networks largely focused on films released prior to 1970 and aired them in an uncut, uncolorized, and commercial-free format.

Time Warner ownership (1996–2018)

In 1996, Turner Broadcasting System merged with Time Warner which, besides placing Turner Classic Movies and Warner Bros. Entertainment under the same corporate umbrella, also gave Turner Classic Movies access to Warner Bros.' library of films released after 1950 (which itself includes other acquired entities such as the Lorimar, Saul Zaentz and National General Pictures libraries); incidentally, Turner Classic Movies had already been running select Warner Bros. film titles through a licensing agreement with the studio that was signed prior to the launch of the channel.[15]

In the early 2000s, AMC abandoned its commercial-free format, which led to Turner Classic Movies being the only movie-oriented basic cable channel to devote its programming entirely to classic films without commercial interruption or content editing. By 2002, AMC had broadened its film content to feature colorized and more recent films.

TCM Movie Database (2006–2019)

Launched in 2006, Turner Classic Movies maintains its own comprehensive database of actors, actresses, and film crew (listing more than 1.25 million people, with 15,000 written biographies),[16] and motion picture titles (more than 130,000 titles), not limited to the film libraries that Turner Classic Movies owns, and it includes links by which a user can request that Turner Classic Movies schedule any title for viewing.[17][18][19][20] TCM Movie Database has lost some functionality.[21] The portal page is now unavailable, yet database entries are still available and function.[20][22][23][24] Richard B. Steiner was the creator, architect, and supervisor of TCM Movie Database.[25][26] By 2013, the Watch TCM app for iOS, Android, and Blackberry had some TCM Movie Database information.[27][28][29] Leonard Maltin's reviews appear in the TCM Movie Database.[30]

Corporate restructuring (2019–present)

On March 4, 2019, Time Warner's new owner AT&T (who renamed the company WarnerMedia) announced a planned reorganization to effectively dissolve the Turner Broadcasting System division, which involved Cartoon Network, Adult Swim, Turner Classic Movies, and digital media company Otter Media being transferred directly under Warner Bros. Entertainment. Aside from Otter, which was transferred to WarnerMedia Entertainment on May 31, 2019 to oversee development of HBO Max, the newly transferred properties came under a newly formed division, Warner Bros. Global Kids, Young Adults and Classics.[31][32][33][34]

On September 1, 2021, Turner Classic Movies introduced a new logo and slogan, "Where Then Meets Now", in the network's first major rebranding since its launch. The rebranding was intended to give Turner Classic Movies a more modern and energetic presentation while continuing to emphasize its commitment to showcasing classic cinema; new branding elements include Technicolor-inspired color schemes, and a new stylized "C" in its wordmark, which resembles a camera lens and symbolizes themes of "curation", "context", "culture" and "connection".[35][36]

In March 2023, it was announced that TCM was marking the centennial of Warner Bros., in conjunction with The Film Foundation and the TCM Classic Film Festival. This included special airings of newly-restored Warner Bros. films: Rio Bravo (introduced by Martin Scorsese), and East of Eden (introduced by Wes Anderson and Joanna Hogg).[37]

On June 20, 2023, multiple TCM executives (including executive vice president Pola Changnon, who had been with Turner for over 25 years) were released by the channel's current owner, Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), as part of layoffs affecting its U.S. Networks division.[38] The network was to be moved under the oversight of Cartoon Network head Michael Ouweleen, and it was reported that there were plans for more synergies and cross-promotion of TCM with the rest of the networks group.[39] The layoffs led to concerns over the future of the channel, with filmmakers Martin Scorsese, Steven Spielberg, and Paul Thomas Anderson holding a meeting with WBD CEO David Zaslav to discuss them. They later issued a joint statement, explaining that the channel has been a "precious resource of cinema, open 24 hours a day seven days a week", and had "always been a profitable endeavor".[40][41]

On June 23, 2023, WBD appointed the Warner Bros. Motion Picture Group's CEOs Michael De Luca and Pamela Abdy as heads of the network, reporting to head of U.S. Networks Kathleen Finch.[42] The pair stated that "We have each spent time talking to Zaslav, separately and together, and it's clear that TCM and classic cinema are very important to him. Our primary aim is to ensure that TCM's programming is untouched and protected."[40] On June 28, it was announced that Scorsese, Spielberg, and Anderson would actively collaborate with De Luca and Abdy on the network's direction; a spokesperson stated that "TCM is not immune to the very real pressure on the entire linear ecosystem, but we have taken steps to ensure that we stay true to the mission of the network — bringing more titles to the air, driving content investment, and preserving and protecting the culture of cinema."[42]

Programming

Turner Classic Movies essentially operates as a commercial-free service, with breaks between films usually consisting of promos for its programming, advertising for the network's events and merchandising, and interstitial segments profiling classic film actors and actresses. In addition to this, extended breaks between features are filled with theatrically released movie trailers and classic short subjects – from series such as The Passing Parade, Crime Does Not Pay, Pete Smith Specialties, and Robert Benchley – under the banner name TCM Extras (formerly One Reel Wonders). In 2007, some of the short films featured on Turner Classic Movies were made available for streaming on Turner Classic Movies's website. Partly to allow these interstitials, Turner Classic Movies schedules its feature films either at the top of the hour or at :15, :30 or :45 minutes past the hour, instead of in timeslots of varying five-minute increments.

Turner Classic Movies' film content has remained mostly uncut and uncolorized (with films natively filmed or post-produced in the format being those only ones presented in color), depending upon the original content of movies, particularly movies released after the 1968 implementation of the Motion Picture Association of America's ratings system and the concurrent disestablishment of the Motion Picture Production Code. Because of this, Turner Classic Movies is formatted similarly to a premium channel with certain films – particularly those made from the 1960s onward – sometimes featuring nudity, sexual content, violence and/or strong profanity; the network also features rating bumpers prior to the start of a program (most programs on Turner Classic Movies, especially films, are rated for content using the TV Parental Guidelines, in lieu of the MPAA's rating system).

The network's programming season runs from March of one year until the following February of the next when a retrospective of Oscar-winning and Oscar-nominated movies is shown, called 31 Days of Oscar. As a result of its devoted format to classic feature films, viewers who are interested in tracing the career development of actresses such as Barbara Stanwyck or Greta Garbo or actors like Cary Grant or Humphrey Bogart have the unique opportunity to see most of the films that were made during their careers, from beginning to end. Turner Classic Movies presents many of its features in their original aspect ratio (widescreen or full screen) whenever possible – widescreen films broadcast on Turner Classic Movies are letterboxed on the network's standard definition feed. Turner Classic Movies also regularly presents widescreen presentations of films not available in the format on any home video release.

Occasionally, Turner Classic Movies shows restored versions of films, particularly old silent films with newly commissioned musical soundtracks. Turner Classic Movies is also a major backer of the Descriptive Video Service (created by Boston PBS member station WGBH-TV), with many of the films aired on the network offering visual description for the blind and visually impaired, which is accessible through the second audio program option through most television sets, or a cable or satellite receiver.

During the prime time hours, an ident for the "Watch TCM" app is shown after every movie.

Certain titles on Turner Classic Movies are not available to streaming services, due to restrictions through this service platform. During these scheduled times, the movie title is blocked from airing and a visual notice is provided to the viewer.

Now Playing

Turner Classic Movies formerly published Now Playing, a monthly program guide, originally available through a standalone subscription, which provided daily listings and descriptions for films scheduled to air on Turner Classic Movies in the coming month. The digest-size magazine highlighted a featured actor on the cover, and featured essays about the "guest programmer" as well as a movie-and-actor themed crossword puzzle. The May 2017 issue, following the death in March 2017 of host Robert Osborne, contained "Remembering Robert Osborne" by Ben Mankiewicz.[43]

Turner Classic Movies ceased print publication of Now Playing (which had been one of the few channel-specific program guides that remained in print circulation for most of the 2000s and 2010s) with the August 2017 issue, moving it to an electronic format available via email free of charge.[44]

Movie library

Turner Classic Movies' library of films spans several decades of cinema and includes thousands of film titles. Before its launch in April 1994, Turner's film library had included pre-1986 MGM and RKO films, as well as all pre-1948 Warner Bros. films.[45] In August 1993, TCM obtained exclusive rights to 300 films from Paramount Pictures, for a cost of $30 million.[46] In August 1996, TCM obtained an exclusive, three-year licensing deal to 36 films from Sony Pictures Entertainment (primarily film content from Columbia Pictures and TriStar Pictures).[47]

In April 2004, near their 10th anniversary, TCM purchased the television licensing rights to 146 titles from Universal Pictures and Columbia Pictures.[48] In August of the same year, 20th Century Fox agreed to license several classic film titles from their library.[49] In 2014, Walt Disney Studios agreed to license titles from their library, including episodes from their anthology television series. These were aired during their Treasures From the Disney Vault programming block, hosted by film historian Leonard Maltin.[50]

Turner Classic Movies includes movies in the public domain, mostly from the 1900s to 1920s. Although most movies shown are from the 1930s through the 1970s, the channel sometimes shows newer movies.

Hosted and special programming

Regular features

TCM prime time host Robert Osborne at the 73rd Annual Peabody Awards (May 2014)
From left to right: Jacqueline Stewart, Dave Karger, Ben Mankiewicz, Alicia Malone, and Eddie Muller at The Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel (April 2024).

Most feature movies shown during the prime time and early overnight hours (8:00 p.m. to 2:30 a.m. Eastern Time) were presented by film historian Robert Osborne. He was the network's first host since its 1994 launch until 2016, except for a five-month medical leave from July to December 2011, when guest hosts presented each night's films.[51] In September 2003, Ben Mankiewicz was hired as the network's daytime weekend host.[52] In October 2012, Osborne announced he was delegating his on-air appearances over to Mankiewicz, who assumed primetime hosting duties on Fridays by the next year. Osborne nevertheless continued hosting the Private Screenings and The Essentials series.[53]

In January 2014, during his "Noir City" film festival in San Francisco, Eddie Muller announced he had been hired as an on-air host for the network.[54] In May 2016, Tiffany Vasquez, a graduate of NYU Tisch School of the Arts, became the network's first female host, introducing films on Saturday afternoons. She had previously won TCM's 20th Anniversary Ultimate Fan Contest, flying to Atlanta to introduce a film of her choice on-air with Robert Osborne.[55] In January 2018, Vasquez announced on Twitter she had taped her last introductions and her contract was not renewed.[56] That same year, Dave Karger and Alicia Malone were jointly announced as full-time hosts for the network.[57] In September 2019, Jacqueline Stewart was hired and became the network's first African-American host.[58]

Star of the Month

Turner Classic Movies regularly airs a Star of the Month throughout the year in which most, if not all, feature films from a film star are shown during that night's schedule. August is the only month to not have a Star of the Month due to Summer Under the Stars.

Silent Sunday Nights

Silent Sunday Nights is a weekend late-night programming block showcasing silent cinema broadcasting on Sunday midnights Eastern Time.[59] In 2013, Ben Mankiewicz began hosting the block.[60] In September 2019, Jacqueline Stewart became the current host.[58] In September 2021, Sibling Rivalry, a New York City-based independent creative agency, designed the latest bumper intro for the block.[61]

TCM Imports

TCM Imports is a weekend late-night programming block showcasing international cinema. Originally broadcast on Friday nights at 2 a.m. Eastern Time,[59] the block was moved to late Saturday nights. It currently airs on Sunday nights at 2 a.m. Eastern Time. In 2013, Mankiewicz began hosting the block.[60] In March 2019, Alicia Malone became the current host.[62]

The first bumper intro was designed by the animation studio Cuppa Coffee Studios,[63] which featured several stop-motion animated men rolling a giant globe brandishing the programming logo.[64] During the 2010s, the logo design studio Hool & Co. designed a new bumper featuring a customary countdown meant to highlight several international film movements.[65] In September 2021, Sibling Rivalry designed the latest bumper.[61]

Noir Alley

During its early years, TCM devoted a programming block to the film noir genre titled Darkness After Dawn.[59] In March 2017, the program was rebranded as Noir Alley, hosted by Eddie Muller.[66][67] The Maltese Falcon (1941) was its first broadcast.[66] It broadcasts on Saturday nights and repeats on Sunday mornings at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time.

In January 2013, Muller had previously hosted a four-film marathon block titled "Night in Noir City". In June of the same year, he was invited back to host their "Friday Night Spotlight," showcasing 16 noir films with adapted stories by crime fiction writers, including Dashiell Hammett and James M. Cain.[54] He was invited back again for the Summer of Darkness retrospective in 2015, which proved popular with viewers.[66]

Musical Matinee

In October 2022, TCM announced their latest programming block titled Musical Matinee broadcasting musical films, primarily from the Golden Age of Hollywood. The program is hosted by Dave Karger and broadcasts on Saturday afternoons Eastern Time. Singin' in the Rain (1952) was the block's first film broadcast on November 5, 2022.[68]

TCM Guest Programmer

TCM features a monthly programming block called the TCM Guest Programmer, in which one of the hosts is joined by a celebrity guest responsible for choosing that evening's films (examples of such programmers during 2012 include Jules Feiffer, Anthony Bourdain, Debra Winger, Ellen Barkin, Spike Lee, Regis Philbin and Jim Lehrer).[69] Since 2023, the TCM Guest Programmer block has appeared sporadically, with appearances from Martin Scorsese (during his promotional tour of his 2023 film Killers of the Flower Moon),[70] Noah Baumbach,[71] George Miller (during his promotional tour of his 2024 film Furiosa: A Mad Max Saga),[72] Kevin Costner (during his promotional tour of his 2024 film Horizon: An American Saga – Chapter 1),[73] and Ryan Reynolds (during his promotional tour of his 2024 film Deadpool & Wolverine).[74]

Seasonal blocks

Turner Classic Movies suspends its regular schedule twice each year for a special month of film marathons. 31 Days of Oscar is a programming block airing each Oscar season on the network during the month of the Academy Awards.[75] Each feature that TCM airs in this block can be either an Oscar winner or nominee. Each August, TCM airs Summer Under the Stars, featuring an entire daily schedule devoted to the filmographies of a particular actor, with programming pertaining to the star of the day.[76]

Defunct programming blocks

In the summer of 2007, the channel debuted Funday Night at the Movies, a block hosted by actor Tom Kenny (best known as the voice of SpongeBob SquarePants). This summer block featured classic feature films (such as The Wizard of Oz, Sounder, Bringing Up Baby, Singin' in the Rain, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, The Adventures of Robin Hood, and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea) aimed at introducing these movies to new generations of children, and their families.

In 2008, Funday Night at the Movies was replaced by Essentials Jr., a youth-oriented version of its weekly series, The Essentials (originally hosted by actors Abigail Breslin, and Chris O'Donnell, then by John Lithgow from 2009 to 2011, and then by Bill Hader, starting with the 2011 season), which included such family-themed films as National Velvet, Captains Courageous, and Yours, Mine and Ours, as well as more eclectic selections, such as Sherlock Jr., The Music Box, Harvey, Mutiny on the Bounty, and The Man Who Knew Too Much.

In 2014, the channel debuted Treasures from the Disney Vault, hosted by Leonard Maltin. This block showcased a compilation of vintage Disney feature films, cartoons, documentaries, episodes of Disney's anthology television series, and episodes of The Mickey Mouse Club. The last scheduled Treasures from the Disney Vault aired on September 2, 2019 due to the launch of Disney+ in November of that year.[77][78][79][80]

TCM Underground debuted in October 2006 as a Saturday late night block which focused on cult film. The block was originally hosted by rocker/filmmaker Rob Zombie until December 2006; as of 2014, it was the only regular film presentation block on the channel that did not have a host. TCM Underground was discontinued in February 2023 after its programmer, Millie De Chirico, was laid off from the network.[81]

Documentaries

In addition to films, Turner Classic Movies also airs original content, mostly documentaries about classic movie personalities, the world of filmmaking and particularly notable films. An occasional month-long series, Race and Hollywood, showcases films by and about people of non-white races, featuring discussions of how these pictures influenced white people's image of said races, as well as how people of those races viewed themselves. Previous installments have included "Asian Images on Film" in 2008,[82] "Native American Images on Film" in 2010,[83] "Black Images on Film" in 2006[84] "Latino Images on Film" in 2009[85] and "Arab Images on Film" in 2011.[86] The network aired the film series Screened Out (which explored the history and depiction of homosexuality in film) in 2007 and Religion on Film (focusing on the role of religion in cinematic works) in 2005. In 2011, TCM debuted a new series entitled AFI's Master Class: The Art of Collaboration.[87][88]

TCM Remembers

Many films shown on Turner Classic Movies were made during the Golden Age of Hollywood, an era with few survivors. In December 1994, Turner Classic Movies debuted "TCM Remembers", a tribute to recently deceased film personalities (including actors, producers, composers, directors, writers, and cinematographers) which occasionally airs during promotional breaks between films. The segments appear in two forms: individual tributes and a longer end-of-year compilation. Following the recent death of an especially famous film personality (usually an actor or filmmaker), the segment will feature a montage of select shots of the deceased's work.

Every December, a more inclusive TCM Remembers interstitial is produced, featuring a selection of clips interspersed with scenes from settings such as an abandoned drive-in (2012) or a theatre which is closing down (2013). Since 2001, most of the soundtracks for these have been introspective melodies by indie artists such as Badly Drawn Boy (2007) or Steve Earle (2009).[89] 2015's song, "Quickly Now", was written especially for TCM Remembers by Chuck Moore and Reid Hall, and sung by Eryn McHugh.[90]

TCM Remembers soundtracks

Year Artist Song
2002 Rickie Lee Jones "Cycles"
2003 Sarah McLachlan "I Will Remember You"
2004 Ryan Adams "Goodnight, Hollywood Blvd."
2005 Joe Henry "Flesh and Blood"
2006 Robinella "Press On"
2007 Badly Drawn Boy "Promises"
2008 Joe Henry "God Only Knows"
2009 Steve Earle "To Live is To Fly"
2010 Sophie Hunger "Headlights"
2011 OK Sweetheart "Before You Go"
2012 M83 "Wait"
2013 Sleeping at Last "In the Embers"
2014 Kodaline "All I Want"
2015 Eryn McHugh "Quickly Now"
2016 Dan Auerbach "Goin' Home"
2017 The Cardigans "Lead Me Into The Night"
2018 Lord Huron "When the Night is Over"
2019 Alice Boman "Waiting"
2020 Prisca Strother & Tunewelders "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"
2021 Reuben and the Dark & AG
(Originally by R.E.M.)		 "Shiny Happy People"
2022 Lord Huron "The Night We Met"[91]
2023 AG and Christina Perri
(Originally by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers)		 "Learning to Fly"

Accolades

Robert Osborne, Mark Cousins and Charles Tabesh in 2014, with the Peabody Award that Turner Classic Movies received for its presentation of The Story of Film: An Odyssey

Turner Classic Movies received a 2008 Peabody Award for its dedication to film preservation and "a continuing, powerful commitment to a central concept—the place of film in social and cultural experience".[9]

Turner Classic Movies received a 2013 Peabody Award for its presentation of Mark Cousins' The Story of Film: An Odyssey, a 15-episode documentary about the development and advancement of the medium of motion pictures. Drawing on its exhaustive film library, Turner Classic Movies complemented each episode with short films and feature films from the familiar to the little-seen. The Peabody Award praised Turner Classic Movies's The Story of Film "for its inclusive, uniquely annotated survey of world cinema history".[92]

Streaming

In April 2016, TCM announced it had partnered with The Criterion Collection to create a subscription streaming service called FilmStruck. The service included a curated selection of more than 1,000 classic Hollywood, international, arthouse and independent films, including those from the Janus Films and Kino libraries.[93] FilmStruck was launched on November 1, 2016, and included exclusive bonus content such as hosted introductions, interviews and rare media.[94] In November 2018, FilmStruck was shut down by WarnerMedia, under the ownership of AT&T, to streamline business operations.[95]

Since its 2020 launch, TCM has been associated with its parent company Warner Bros. Discovery's Max streaming service.[96] TCM has its own category hub on the service with a curated selection of classic films.[97]

Merchandising and events

TCM Vault Collection

The TCM Vault Collection consists of several different DVD collections of rare classic films that have been licensed, remastered and released by Turner Classic Movies (through corporate sister Warner Bros. Home Entertainment). These boxed set releases are of films by notable actors, directors or studios that were previously unreleased on DVD or VHS. The sets often include bonus discs including documentaries and shorts from the Turner Classic Movies library. The initial batch of DVDs are printed in limited quantities and subsequent batches are made-on-demand (MOD).

TCM Wine Club

In October 2015, Turner Classic Movies announced the launch of the TCM Wine Club, in which they teamed up with Laithwaite to provide a line of mail-order wines from famous vineyards such as famed writer-director-producer Francis Ford Coppola's winery. Wines are available in 3-month subscriptions and can be selected as reds, whites, or a mixture of both. From the wines chosen, Turner Classic Movies also includes recommended movies to watch with each, such as a "True Grit" wine, to be paired with the John Wayne film of the same name.[103]

TCM Young Composers Film Competition

In 2000, Turner Classic Movies started an annual Young Composers Film Competition, inviting aspiring composers to participate in a judged competition that offers the winner of each year's competition the opportunity to score a restored, feature-length silent film as a grand prize, mentored by a well-known composer, with the new work subsequently premiering on the network.[104] As of 2006, films that have been rescored include the 1921 Rudolph Valentino film Camille, two Lon Chaney films: 1921's The Ace of Hearts and 1928's Laugh, Clown, Laugh, and Greta Garbo's 1926 film The Temptress.

TCM Classic Film Festival

In April 2010, Turner Classic Movies launched their first Classic Film Festival, an event—now held annually—at the Grauman's Chinese Theater and the Grauman's Egyptian Theater on Hollywood Boulevard. The Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel serves as the festival's key venue for special events. Initially hosted by Robert Osborne, the four-day long annual festival features celebrity appearances, special events, and screenings of around 50 classic films, including several newly-restored films by The Film Foundation, an organization devoted to preserving Hollywood's classic film legacy.[105][106]

The Classic Film Festival was cancelled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and was moved to a virtual setting, billed as the "Special Home Edition".[107] In 2021, the festival was cancelled again as a live event, and continued its virtual setting.[108] In 2022, the festival returned to its live setting, with its theme being "All Together Now: Back to the Big Screen."[109] A year later, the festival celebrated the centennial anniversary of Warner Bros. launching with the premiere of a newly-restored edition of Rio Bravo (1959).[110]

TCM Classic Cruise

In 2011, TCM launched its inaugural Classic Cruise event, first aboard the Celebrity Millennium cruise ship traveling from Miami to Key West and Cozumel.[111] In 2013, the Classic Cruise held its maiden voyage aboard the Disney Magic for the first time.[112] In 2016, the cruise instead used the Disney Fantasy, which holds 4,000 passengers compared to the Magic's 2,700-passenger accommodation.[113] In 2019, the Classic Cruise returned from a three-year absence aboard the Disney Magic, sailing from New York to Bermuda.[114]

International versions

Main article: List of international Turner Classic Movies channels

Turner Classic Movies is available in many other countries around the world. In Canada, Turner Classic Movies began to be carried on Shaw Cable and satellite provider Shaw Direct in 2005. Rogers Cable started offering Turner Classic Movies in December 2006 as a free preview for subscribers of its digital cable tier, and was added to its analogue tier in February 2007. While the schedule for the Canadian feed is generally the same as that of the U.S. network, some films are replaced for broadcast in Canada due to rights issues and other reasons. Other versions of Turner Classic Movies are available in France, Greece, Canada, Spain, Middle East, Africa, Asia, Latin America, Nordic countries, the United Kingdom,[115] Ireland and Malta. The UK version operated two channels, including a defunct spinoff called Turner Classic Movies 2. TCM UK ceased operations on 6 July 2023.[116]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Turner Acquiring MGM Movie Empire". The New York Times. August 8, 1985. p. 1. Archived from the original on December 18, 2023. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  2. ^ "Turner Control of MGM/UA". The New York Times. March 26, 1986. Archived from the original on May 11, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  3. ^ "Turner May Sell Equity In Company". Chicago Tribune. May 7, 1986. Archived from the original on May 11, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  4. ^ a b Fabrikant, Geraldine (June 7, 1986). "Turner to Sell MGM Assets". The New York Times. p. 35. Archived from the original on February 15, 2017.
  5. ^ "Turner Planning to Sell MGM". Chicago Tribune. June 7, 1986. Archived from the original on May 11, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  6. ^ Elmer-Dewitt, Philip (August 25, 1986). "Sailing Close to the Wind". Time. Archived from the original on May 11, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  7. ^ Delugach, Ali (June 7, 1986). "Turner Sells Fabled MGM but Keeps a Lion's Share". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 22, 2023. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  8. ^ "Turner Unit Gets President". The New York Times. August 21, 1986. Archived from the original on May 11, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  9. ^ a b "The Peabody Awards, Institutional Award: Turner Classic Movies (TCM)". Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Georgia. Archived from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  10. ^ Mitchell, Kim; Granger, Rod (April 18, 1994). "Turner launches TCM". Multichannel News. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012 – via HighBeam Research.
  11. ^ Grahnke, Lon (April 10, 1994). "Classic Films Find New Cable Outlet In Turner Empire". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012 – via HighBeam Research.
  12. ^ Littleton, Cynthia (April 9, 2019). "How Turner Classic Movies Built a Marquee Brand by Catering to Film Fans". Variety. Archived from the original on April 9, 2019. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  13. ^ Gerard, Jeremy (October 3, 1988). "TV Notes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 19, 2019. Retrieved January 18, 2019.
  14. ^ Brown, Rich (April 18, 1994). "Few tickets for Turner Classic Movies" (PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. p. 17. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 9, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  15. ^ "Turner picks up Warner films" (PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. December 6, 1993. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved May 10, 2024.
  16. ^ McKenzie, Gina (March 7, 2006). "Turner Classic Movies to Kick Off Its New Interactive Movie Database, TCMdb, with the Ultimate Movie Lover's Sweepstakes Share Article New Database for Classic Movie Information Launched". Turner Classic Movies. Atlanta, Georgia: PRWeb. Archived from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  17. ^ Stropoli, Rebecca (February 22, 2006). "TCM To Launch Movie Database". Broadcasting & Cable. Future US. Archived from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  18. ^ Harrison, Richard H. II. "Film and Digital Media: Filmographies". Research Guides. Orlando, FL: University of Central Florida. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  19. ^ Panka-Bryman, Sheryl (March 21, 2022). "LibGuides: Film Research: Websites". Connelly Library, La Salle University. Archived from the original on April 1, 2022. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  20. ^ a b "TCM Movie Database". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on March 28, 2020. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  21. ^ Canote, Terence Towles (October 1, 2020). "Turner Classic Movies' Website Revamp". A Shroud of Thoughts. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022. Retrieved April 10, 2022. On the new version of the TCMDB entries for movies do not display when they are scheduled to air on TCM.
  22. ^ *"Broadway Love". TCM Movie Database. Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on April 12, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  23. ^ "Stepin Fetchit". tcm.com/tcmdb/person/. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  24. ^ James, Emily St (October 19, 2016). "The age of streaming is killing classic film. Can Turner Classic Movies be its salvation?". Vox. Archived from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  25. ^ Steiner, Richard. "Movie Database". Portfolio Site. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022. Retrieved April 10, 2022. As head of Turner Classic Movies's digital team, I envisioned, created and supervised the launch of countless digital products and services across multiple digital platforms while running teams both large and small building the most creative and engaging web, mobile, streaming, and connected device applications of any national network.
  26. ^ Harnick, Chris. "TCM turns to mobile for brand definition, extension". Mobile Marketer. Marketing Dive. Archived from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved April 10, 2022. 'The idea is to keep fans connected and engaged with Turner Classic Movies and to create a useful, meaningful companion to the network', said Richard Steiner, vice president of new media and TCM Digital, Atlanta
  27. ^ Staff Writer (November 11, 2013). "A Turner Classic Movies app promises live feeds, on-demand films". Akron Beacon Journal. Gannett. Archived from the original on October 4, 2022. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  28. ^ Dougherty, Lynn Powell (November 11, 2013). "TCM announces Watch TCM App: Stream Classic Movies". classicmoviefavorites.com. Archived from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved April 11, 2022. To view their live stream and on-demand movies, users must log in with their TV provider user-name and password.
  29. ^ weComm Ltd (September 12, 2010). "weComm deliver multi-platform mobile application offering for Turner Classic Movies". RealWire. Archived from the original on August 22, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  30. ^ Emily (September 29, 2015). "Leonard Maltin's 2015 Classic Movie Guide". The Vintage Cameo. Archived from the original on June 28, 2022. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  31. ^ Lauren Feiner (March 4, 2019). "WarnerMedia reorganizes its leadership team after AT&T acquisition". CNBC. Archived from the original on March 4, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
  32. ^ "AT&T to HBO, Turner: No More Fiefdoms". The Wall Street Journal. News Corp. March 1, 2019. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  33. ^ Michael Schneider (March 12, 2019). "What the End of the Turner Brand Could Mean for Its Channels". Variety. Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  34. ^ Littleton, Cynthia (March 4, 2019). "Warner Bros. Wants to Rev Up Kid's Content With Looney Tunes, Hanna-Barbera". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on March 5, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
  35. ^ Itzkoff, Dave (September 1, 2021). "Turner Classic Movies Is Changing. And Trying to Stay the Same". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2021.
  36. ^ Cahillane, Mollie (September 2021). "TCM Sets Brand Refresh, Tagline to Reframe Its Focus on Film". Archived from the original on September 1, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2021.
  37. ^ Gilchrist, Todd (March 22, 2023). "TCM Sets Warner Bros. 100th Anniversary Program Slate Including 10 Restored Classic Films". Variety. Archived from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
  38. ^ Littleton, Cynthia (June 20, 2023). "Warner Bros. Discovery Layoffs Hit Domestic Cable Group; TCM Sees Leadership Shuffle". Variety. Archived from the original on June 22, 2023. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  39. ^ Weprin, Alex (June 20, 2023). "TCM Chief Pola Changnon to Exit Warner Bros. Discovery Amid Further Cuts in TV Division". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on June 22, 2023. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  40. ^ a b Grobar, Matt (June 23, 2023). "Turner Classic Movies Now To Be Overseen By Warner Bros' Michael De Luca & Pamela Abdy". Deadline. Archived from the original on June 23, 2023. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  41. ^ Jackson, Angelique (June 21, 2023). "Steven Spielberg, Martin Scorsese, Paul Thomas Anderson Meet With WBD Chief David Zaslav Following TCM Layoffs". Variety. Archived from the original on June 22, 2023. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  42. ^ a b Hipes, Patrick (June 28, 2023). "TCM Creative Structure Set: Steven Spielberg, Martin Scorsese & Paul Thomas Anderson Taking Active Role; Exec Charles Tabesh To Remain". Deadline. Archived from the original on June 30, 2023. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  43. ^ "Turner Classic Movies:NOW PLAYING: A Viewer's Guide to Turner Classic Movies". Palm Coast, Florida: Turner Classic Movies. May 2017. p. 46.
  44. ^ Canote, Terence Towles (April 22, 2017). "A Shroud of Thoughts: Turner Classic Movies To Cease Printing the Now Playing Guide". A Shroud of Thoughts. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  45. ^ "It's classic, it's cable, it's Turner". Tampa Bay Times. April 17, 1994. Archived from the original on May 12, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  46. ^ Brown, Rich (August 16, 1993). "Turner signs Paramount titles for $30M: new classic movie channel seeks additional packages to supplement MGM/RKO library" (PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 22, 2023.
  47. ^ McConville, Jim (August 19, 1996). "TCM gets rights to Sony-owned Columbia classic pictures" (PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. p. 61. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  48. ^ Dempsey, John (April 5, 2004). "Turner's title wave". Daily Variety. Archived from the original on May 12, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  49. ^ Dempsey, John (August 13, 2004). "Fox classics land at TCM". Daily Variety. Archived from the original on May 11, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  50. ^ Elliot, Stuart (November 25, 2014). "Disney Pairs Up With Turner to Promote TCM and Great Movie Ride". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
  51. ^ "Robert Osborne Takes a Short Break". Turner Classic Movies. July 13, 2011. Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  52. ^ "Interview With Ben Mankiewicz, TCM's Daytime Weekend Host". Turner Classic Movies (Interview). Archived from the original on December 14, 2003. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
  53. ^ Osborne, Robert (October 1, 2012). "A Note from Robert Osborne to his fans". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on October 4, 2012. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
  54. ^ a b Brody, Meredith (January 26, 2014). "Turner Classic Movies Adds Film Noir Programmer Eddie Muller as On-Air Host (EXCLUSIVE)". IndieWire. Archived from the original on January 20, 2024. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
  55. ^ "Alum Joins Turner Classic Movies As Host" (Press release). New York University Tisch School of the Arts. May 25, 2016. Archived from the original on April 25, 2024. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
  56. ^ Vasquez, Tiffany [@filmiliarface] (January 27, 2018). "I don't want to not address the questions that will come so I should just say: the intros today are the last I filmed as Saturday Daytime host on TCM. My contract was not renewed. This experience has changed my life and I'm forever thankful for it" (Tweet). Archived from the original on December 9, 2022. Retrieved April 25, 2024 – via Twitter.
  57. ^ Gardner, Chris (March 2, 2018). "Alicia Malone, Dave Karger Join TCM as Full-Time Hosts". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on August 9, 2022. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
  58. ^ a b Coyle, Jack (September 9, 2019). "Turner Classic Movies hires its first African American host". Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 25, 2024. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
  59. ^ a b c "TCM's Weekly Showcases". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on December 5, 1998. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
  60. ^ a b Lumenick, Lou (October 1, 2012). "New movie maven". New York. Archived from the original on January 19, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2024. He will also host three films on Saturday evenings following The Essentials with Osborne and Drew Barrymore, as well as taking over showcases for silent and foreign films late Saturday nights.
  61. ^ a b Scrivo, Elettra (September 2, 2021). "Sibling Rivalry crafts new visual identity for Turner Classic Movies". Transform Magazine. Archived from the original on January 26, 2022. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
  62. ^ @TCM (March 9, 2019). "We're excited to announce TCM Imports will now be hosted by @aliciamalone! Tune in Sunday nights for cinematic treasures from around the world" (Tweet). Archived from the original on December 6, 2022. Retrieved April 25, 2024 – via Twitter.
  63. ^ "TCM Inventors". Cuppa Coffee Studios. Archived from the original on March 17, 2024. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
  64. ^ "TCM Imports". Retrieved February 13, 2024 – via Internet Archive.
  65. ^ "TCM Imports". Hool & Co. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
  66. ^ a b c Bubbeo, Daniel (March 2, 2017). "'Noir Alley' on TCM to feature film noir movies weekly". Newsday. Archived from the original on April 25, 2024. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
  67. ^ Littleton, Cynthia (April 9, 2019). "TCM at 25: Ben Mankiewicz on How to Make the Perfect Introduction". Variety. Archived from the original on April 9, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
  68. ^ "TCM To Launch New Franchise Musical Matinee Hosted by Dave Karger" (Press release). Warner Bros. Discovery. October 20, 2022. Archived from the original on April 9, 2024. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
  69. ^ Bibel, Sara (February 22, 2012). "TCM Announces Guest Programmers for 2012, Including Jules Feiffer, Anthony Bourdain, Debra Winger, Ellen Barkin, Spike Lee, Regis Philbin and Jim Lehrer". Archived from the original on February 27, 2012. Retrieved March 16, 2012.
  70. ^ Bobbin, Jay (October 19, 2023). "Martin Scorsese plays TCM 'Guest Programmer' for a night". The Journal Gazette. Archived from the original on August 1, 2024. Retrieved August 1, 2024.
  71. ^ @tcm (January 20, 2024). "Filmmaker Noah Baumbach joins us tomorrow night as a Guest Programmer. The evening begins with TWENTIETH CENTURY at 8pm ET followed by THE HEIRESS at 10pm ET" (Tweet). Archived from the original on August 1, 2024. Retrieved August 1, 2024 – via Twitter.
  72. ^ @tcm (May 23, 2024). "Filmmaker George Miller joins us tonight to introduce several films that inspired him, as he shares some of the cinematic influences behind his latest film, FURIOSA: A MAD MAX SAGA" (Tweet). Archived from the original on August 1, 2024. Retrieved August 1, 2024 – via Twitter.
  73. ^ @tcm (June 22, 2024). "Tomorrow night actor and filmmaker Kevin Costner (@modernwest) joins us to share two of his favorite classics as we celebrate his latest project, HORIZON (@Horizonsaga) which he directed, produced, cowrote, and stars in" (Tweet). Archived from the original on August 1, 2024. Retrieved August 1, 2024 – via Twitter.
  74. ^ Turner Classic Movies (July 20, 2024). "Actor & producer Ryan Reynolds shares his classic film takes—from the movie that made him fall in love with the Golden Age of Cinema, to dynamic duo doppelgängers, and so much more! See his full conversation as Guest Programmer tonight with @BenMank77, starting at 8pm ET". Archived from the original on August 1, 2024. Retrieved August 1, 2024 – via Facebook.
  75. ^ Lais, C. J. (February 1, 2019). "31 Days of Oscar begins ... NOW!". Times Union. Archived from the original on August 13, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
  76. ^ "Summer Under the Stars". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on August 1, 2024. Retrieved August 1, 2024.
  77. ^ "Disney". TCM.com. Archived from the original on December 17, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  78. ^ "Treasures from The Disney Vault" (PDF). Turner Communications Group. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 12, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  79. ^ "Disney Ride". TCM.com. Archived from the original on July 25, 2016. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
  80. ^ McKenzie, Gina (November 26, 2014). "Turner Classic Movies, Walt Disney World Resort and The Walt Disney Studios Team Up to Share Stories Centered on Classic Film" (PDF). Turner Communications Group. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 12, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  81. ^ De Chirico, Millie [@milliedechirico] (December 22, 2022). "Well, it's been a great 18 1/2 years, but my job was cut in a company restructure recently which means tomorrow is my last day at TCM. Very grateful to anyone who supported my programming work over the years, including @TCMUnderground. Means a lot!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on December 24, 2022. Retrieved February 22, 2023 – via Twitter.
  82. ^ "Asian Images on Film Introduction". TCM website. Archived from the original on December 14, 2016. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  83. ^ "Native American Images on Film Introduction". TCM website. Archived from the original on October 25, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  84. ^ "Race & Hollywood: Black Images on Film - TCM Special in May". TCM website. Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  85. ^ "Latino Images in Film -- (TCM Original) Latin, Non-Latin". TCM. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved March 11, 2019. Hispanic actors talk about casting
  86. ^ "Reca & Hollywood: Arab Images on Film Tuesdays & Thursdays in July". TCM website. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  87. ^ Hinckley, David (November 14, 2011). "Steven Spielberg and John Williams tell stories by the score about 'Jaws' & 'E.T.' in 'AFI Master Class'". Daily News. Archived from the original on September 15, 2016. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  88. ^ Maçek, J.C. III (January 14, 2013). "'AFI Master Class': Zemeckis and Burgess Break It Down". PopMatters. Archived from the original on May 17, 2013. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  89. ^ "TCM Remembers 2009". TCM Website. 2009. Archived from the original on August 22, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  90. ^ 'Quickly Now' at Apple Podcasts, with songwriting credit information Archived 2020-09-14 at the Wayback Machine. An interview with Moore Archived 2017-07-22 at the Wayback Machine about the song was published by Turner Classic Movies December 29, 2015 on their tumblr blog.
  91. ^ "TCM Remembers 2022" Archived 2022-12-21 at the Wayback Machine on YouTube (accessed 12/20/2022)
  92. ^ "The Peabody Awards, The Story of Film: An Odyssey (TCM)". Grady College of Journalism and Mass Media, University of Georgia. Archived from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  93. ^ Spangler, Todd (April 26, 2016). "Turner to Launch Movie-Streaming Subscription Service With 1,000-Plus Titles". Archived from the original on April 27, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2024.
  94. ^ Spangler, Todd (November 1, 2016). "After Delay, Turner Launches Netflix-Style FilmStruck Service With Classic, Indie and Foreign Movies". Variety. Archived from the original on November 2, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2024.
  95. ^ Spangler, Todd (October 26, 2018). "WarnerMedia's FilmStruck Subscription-Streaming Service to Shut Down". Variety. Archived from the original on October 26, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2024.
  96. ^ Haselton, Todd (July 9, 2019). "AT&T rolls out a new, super-charged streaming service with HBO shows, 'Friends' and more". CNBC. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved August 15, 2024.
  97. ^ Framke, Caroline; D'Addario, Daniel (May 27, 2020). "HBO Max Launch Reveals Impressive Library, Potential Netflix Challenge (Analysis)". Variety. Archived from the original on May 27, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2024.
  98. ^ "Universal, TCM partner for DVD deal". Variety. October 28, 2009. Archived from the original on May 12, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  99. ^ King, Susan (April 1, 2007). "Back in the RKO fold". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 9, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  100. ^ King, Susan (August 5, 2007). "DVD set spotlights Myrna Loy and William Powell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 12, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  101. ^ "'TCM Spotlight: Doris Day Collection' Available April 7 From Warner Home Video" (Press release). Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. December 15, 2008. Archived from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  102. ^ "'TCM Spotlight: Charlie Chan Collection' - Four Remastered Treasures Debut Together On DVD June 8 From Warner Home Video" (Press release). Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. February 9, 2010. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  103. ^ "About—TCM Wine Club". TCM Wine Club. Archived from the original on September 29, 2023. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
  104. ^ Olson, Catherine Applefeld (March 11, 2000). "Soundtracks and Film Score News". Billboard. p. 20. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on June 22, 2024. Retrieved June 22, 2024 – via Google Books.
  105. ^ Littlejohn, Cynthia (November 4, 2009). "TCM to host classic pic film festival". Variety. Archived from the original on June 27, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  106. ^ Littlejohn, Cynthia (April 9, 2010). "TCM Fest draws sea of cineastes to Hollywood". Variety. Archived from the original on January 7, 2015. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  107. ^ Pedersen, Erik (March 24, 2020). "TCM Classic Film Festival Sets Online Edition After Cancellation Due To Coronavirus – Update". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on March 12, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  108. ^ Hammond, Pete (October 4, 2020). "TCM Classic Film Festival Cancels 2021 Live Hollywood Event, Moves To Virtual Format Over Pandemic Fears". Archived from the original on October 4, 2020. Retrieved October 4, 2020.
  109. ^ Barnes, Mike (October 6, 2021). "TCM Classic Film Festival Plans a Return With Fans in April". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  110. ^ Hammond, Pete (March 15, 2023). "Warner Bros' 100th To Be Celebrated At TCM Classic Film Festival With Steven Spielberg & Paul Thomas Anderson; 'Rio Bravo' Restoration With Angie Dickinson Set For Opening Night". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on March 15, 2023. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  111. ^ Littlejohn, Cynthia (May 1, 2011). "TCM sets sail with fans". Variety. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  112. ^ Sloan, Gene (May 31, 2013). "Film stars of old to sail on movie-themed cruise". USA Today. Archived from the original on June 1, 2013. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  113. ^ Tribou, Richard (March 1, 2016). "TCM Classic Cruise upgrades to Disney Fantasy". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on June 7, 2023. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  114. ^ Roberts, Madison (September 27, 2018). "The Turner Classic Movie-Themed Cruise Returns to Sea in 2019 After Three Years". People. Archived from the original on September 28, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  115. ^ "Listings from TCM Movies". TCM Movies | Turner Entertainment. tcmuk.tv. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  116. ^ Lincoln, Ross A. (June 24, 2023). "TCM's UK Channel to Be Shut Down in July". Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved July 4, 2023.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCMDB

    by LabLynx

    Website

    Related Posts