Effects of the storage conditions on the stability of natural and synthetic cannabis in biological matrices for forensic toxicology analysis: An update from the literature
| PASARS-16 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | self-propelled air defense system |
| Place of origin | Serbia |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Military Technical Institute |
| Manufacturer | PPT Namenska, FAP, Zastava TERVO |
| No. built | 5 batteries (+2 prototypes)[1] |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 17 tonnes |
| Length | 8000 ± 100 mm |
| Width | 2500 ± 100 mm |
| Height | 3200 ± 100 mm - 3900 ± 100 mm |
| Crew | 3 |
| Rate of fire | 240÷330 rounds/min for gun |
| Maximum firing range | 4 km for gun 12 km depending on the type of missile |
| Armor | STANAG 4569 Level I |
Main armament | 40 mm/70-calibre gun and 2 missiles |
Secondary armament | Smoke grenades |
| Engine | Turbo diesel 280-340 hp |
| Suspension | 6×6 off-road wheels |
Operational range | 800 km (500 mi), at a speed of 80 km/h (50 mph) |
| Maximum speed | On-road: 100 km/h (62 mph) Macadam country road: 25 km/h (16 mph) Off-road: 15 km/h (9.3 mph). |
PASARS-16 (Serbian: ПАСАРС-16) is a Serbian mobile hybrid short range air defence system intended for the protection of infantry, armoured mechanized and artillery-missile units from low flying aircraft, cruise missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles and other projectiles.[2] Based on the FAP 2026BS/AV six-wheel drive general purpose off-road military chassis, the armoured rotary turret mounted at the rear of the vehicle is armed with a single barrel Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft gun and one or more surface-to-air missiles linked to a modernized M85 Žirafa radar.[3][4][5][6]
Development
PASARS-16 is designed by the Military Technical Institute. Serial production started in 2019, with armoured turret being constructed by Zastava TERVO, hydraulics and integration of the armaments being done by FAP and PPT Namenska, and final assembly being carried out by Srboauto.[7][8][9][10]
Gun
The PASARS-16 main armament is the Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft autocannon. Designed in the 1930s by the Swedish arms manufacturer Bofors, during the 1970s Serbian arms manufacturer Zastava Arms acquired a license from Bofors to produce the L/70 version.[11] Ammunition for the autocannon is produced by Serbian company Sloboda.[12] In 2020 a new programmable airburst ammunition containing 1100 tungsten pellets was reportedly developed for use by the PASARS-16.[13] The PASARS has been spotted with a laser rangefinder and day/night sighting system.
| Length | 6.3 m (20 ft 8 in) |
|---|---|
| Barrel length | 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in) |
| Width | 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in) |
| Height | L2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) |
| Shell | Complete round: 40×365mmR |
| Standard Shell weight | 0.9 kg (2 lb 0 oz) |
| Caliber | 40 mm L/70 |
| Barrels | 1 |
| Carriage | about 500 kg |
| Elevation | −4°/+90° |
| Rate of fire | 240-330 round/min |
| Muzzle velocity | 1,021 metres per second (3,350 ft/s) |
| Maximum firing range | 12,500 m (41,000 ft) |
Missiles
Mistral
Total of 18 sets with 50 French Mistral 3 missiles were procured by the Serbian Armed Forces in 2021 and planned to be integrated on PASARS-16.[14][15][16]
RLN-1C and RLN-1C/170
The PASARS-16 uses RLN-1C missiles i.e. modified Vympel K-13 (R-13M) short-range, infrared homing air-to-air missile.[17][18] Modifications by the Military Technical Institute were made to improve the rocket's propulsion block, in order to effectively launch the missile from the ground along with integration of a more powerful warhead with a modern proximity fuse and a modernized infrared homing system that directs the missile to the target.[19][20]
| Length | (R-13M) 2,830 mm (9 ft 3 in) |
|---|---|
| Wingspan | (R-13M) 530 mm (21 in) |
| Diameter | (R-13M) 127 mm (5.0 in) |
| Launch Weight | (R-13M) 75 kg (165 lb) |
| Speed | (R-13M) Mach 2.5 |
| Range | (RLN-1C) (RLN-1C/170) 12 km max |
| Guidance | (R-13M, RLN-1C, RLN-1C/170) Infrared homing |
| Warhead | (R-13M) SB03 11.3 kg (25 lb) blast-fragmentation |
| Explosive Content | (R-13M) 5.3 kg of TGAF-5 (40% TNT, 40% RDX, 20% Aluminium powder) |
| Fuze | (R-13M) Type 428 proximity fuze |
9K38 Igla
Operators
Serbia: 5 batteries in service with the Serbian Army.
References
- ^ "Novi i dorađeni domaći ali i inostrani sistemi za PVO". tangosix.rs (in Bosnian). 2023-09-28. Retrieved 2024-07-12.
- ^ "Pasars". PPT Namenska. Retrieved 2022-01-11.
- ^ "Ministar Vulin: U Vojsku Srbije uvedeno 29 novih sredstava naoružanja i vojne opreme u 2018. Godini".
- ^ "Lazanski: Gde nestade "žirafa"". Novi Standard (in Serbian). 2018-10-07. Retrieved 2019-11-13.
- ^ "TANJUG | Vučić: Jačamo namensku da ne bismo morali da kupujemo".
- ^ "Vulin: Vojska ulaganjima čuva Priboj, ne sme da se zapusti". 7 September 2018.
- ^ Serbia, RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of. "Saznajte koje su karakteristike raketa "mistral" i PASARS-a". www.rts.rs. Retrieved 2019-11-13.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "- YouTube". YouTube.
- ^ "Beginning of serial production of Pasars system announced".
- ^ "PASARS-16, idejni projekat srpskog protivvazduhoplovnog artiljerijsko-raketnog sistema". Tango Six (in Serbian). 2016-11-03. Retrieved 2019-11-13.
- ^ "1970-1992 - Zastava-arms". www.zastava-arms.rs. Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^ "AMMUNITION 40mm x 365 FOR ANTI-AIRCRAFT GUN 40mm L/70 BOFORS - SDPR - Yugoimport". www.yugoimport.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^ "Izvršeno gađanje tempirnom municijom u okviru ispitivanja protivavionskog topa L-70 Bofors".
- ^ "[PARTNER 2021] Sve o oklopnim premijerama, modernizacijama i modifikacijama". 22 October 2021.
- ^ "Vučić: Kupili smo 18 sistema Mistral sa 50 raketa". 16 July 2019.
- ^ "[PARTNER 2021] Novi i unapređeni PVO sistemi". October 28, 2021.
- ^ "PASARS L/70 Bofors cannon RLN-1C air defense missile Partner 2017 12806171". www.armyrecognition.com. 2017-06-28. Retrieved 2019-11-13.
- ^ Lazanski, Miroslav. "Terminator iz Srboauta". Politika Online. Retrieved 2019-11-13.
- ^ "Naša vojska dobija raketni štit".
- ^ Србија (2019-01-13). "Совјетска ракета за српски "Терминатор": Хибридни ПВО систем ПАСАРС-16 привукао пажњу министра". rs.rbth.com (in Serbian). Retrieved 2019-11-19.
External links
