Effects of the storage conditions on the stability of natural and synthetic cannabis in biological matrices for forensic toxicology analysis: An update from the literature

AfroBasket 2009

Tournament details
Host country	Libya
Dates	5–15 August
Teams	16
Venue(s)	2 (in 2 host cities)
Final positions
Champions	Angola (10th title)
Runners-up	Ivory Coast
Third place	Tunisia
Fourth place	Cameroon
Tournament statistics
MVP	Joaquim Gomes
Top scorer	Jeff Xavier (27.2 points per game)
← 2007 2011 →

AfroBasket 2009 was the 25th FIBA Africa Championship, played under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Basketball, the basketball sport governing body, and the African zone thereof. At stake were the three berths allocated to Africa in the 2010 FIBA World Championship. The tournament was hosted by Libya after Nigeria, the original host, withdrew from hosting after not conforming to FIBA Africa guidelines.

Angola won its sixth consecutive African championship and tenth overall by beating Côte d'Ivoire 82-72 in the championship game.^[1] Tunisia won the bronze medal game over Cameroon to earn its first-ever FIBA World Championship berth. Angola, Côte d'Ivoire, and Tunisia move on to represent Africa at the 2010 FIBA World Championship in Turkey. Angola's Joaquim Gomes claimed the tournament's Most Valuable Player award for the second consecutive Afrobasket tournament.^[2]

Widely considered among the most coveted sporting competitions in Africa, AfroBasket 2009 was hosted by Libya from August 5 to August 15, 2009.^[3][4] Games were played in Tripoli and Benghazi, with four groups being equally divided between the country’s two largest cities.

It is estimated that over 70 media channels covered the engagements, with the top three positioned squads automatically qualifying to represent the continent for the 2010 World Championship, to be held from August 28 to September 12, in Turkey. This historic event also coincides with ongoing celebratory activities marking the 40th anniversary of Libya's 1 September Revolution (Great Al-Fatih Revolution) which brought Muammar Gaddafi to power, and the tenth anniversary of the Sirte Declaration establishing the African Union (AU) on September 9, 1999.^[5][6]

Libya's selection as the host country was decided by the Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA) Executive Committee, approved by the Central Board of FIBA Africa, and officially announced in Tripoli on February 7, 2009. The decision favoring Libya to organize the 25th edition, followed the withdrawal of Nigeria who failed to conform to FIBA Africa guidelines. Signing of the official contract was conducted at a ceremony at Tripoli’s Corinthia Bab Africa Hotel on February 4, 2009, in the presence of Libya’s National Olympic Committee president Mohammad Al-Amariy, Dr. Muhammad Gaddafi, and president of the Libyan Arab Basketball Federation (LBF), Omar El Barshushi.

Before reaching the contract signing stage, and after Nigeria’s withdrawal, an organizing committee was formed by FIBA to investigate the facilities Libya had to offer regarding basketball courts and the possibility of refurbishing sites. At the 4th Session of FIBA-Africa Central Committee meeting in Cairo, Egypt on January 25, 2009, the Libyan organizing committee presented plans and the preparation undertaken in order to successfully host the championships. The Central Board members who also made their recommendations approved the LBF presentation, which has been an FIBA Africa affiliate since 1961, and were described as excellent. The president of the Local Organizing Committee (LOC) invited FIBA Africa’s officials in Tripoli to view first hand Libya’s preparations. To this end, before signing the contract between FIBA Africa and LBF, the Secretary General of FIBA Africa, Dr. Alphonse Bilé, the Assistant Secretary General, Adel Tooma and the President of the Commission for Competitions, Raouf Menjour, checked thoroughly the facilities and basketball courts that will serve the event and gave their approval.^[7]

Two Libyan cities, Benghazi and Tripoli hosted games in the tournament. Benghazi hosted games in Groups A, B, and E. Tripoli hosted games in Groups C, D, and F, in addition to the knockout round games.^[8]

Games in Tripoli were held in the African Union Arena, a modern, 7,000 seat arena built in the capital city in 2006.^[9] Games in Benghazi were held in the Suliman Ad-Dharrath Arena, part of the Medina al-Riyadhia (Sports City), the city's largest sporting centre. The 10,000 seat arena was built in 1967 and is therefore quite outdated. However, the stadia has undergone maintenance work in recent years.^[9]

Benghazi	Tripoli Benghazi class=notpageimage| Afrobasket 2009 (Libya)	Tripoli
Suliman Ad-Dharrath Arena		African Union Arena
Capacity: 10,000		Capacity: 7,000

Participants were sixteen national basketball teams among the 53 FIBA Africa members. These teams included the host nation, the top three sides at the FIBA Africa Championship 2007 in Angola, one wild card, and the top eleven sides at the 2009 Zone preliminary basketball competitions.^[10] None of the countries in Qualification Zone 7 registered for the qualifying tournament, so a second wild card was added.^[11] 14 of the 16 teams that competed for the 2007 Championship returned, with host Libya and Congo replacing Liberia and DR Congo. The following national teams competed:

Number	Team	Qualified as	Finals Appearance	Last Appearance
1	Libya	Host	4th	1978
2	Angola	1st place FIBA Africa Championship 2007	16th	2007
3	Cameroon	2nd place FIBA Africa Championship 2007	5th	2007
4	Cape Verde	3rd place FIBA Africa Championship 2007	4th	2007
5	Tunisia	Zone 1 Winner	18th	2007
6	Morocco	Zone 1 Runner-Up	16th	2007
7	Mali	Zone 2 Winner	15th	2007
8	Nigeria	Zone 3 Winner	14th	2007
9	Ivory Coast	Zone 3 Runner-Up	19th	2007
10	Central African Republic	Zone 4 Winner	15th	2007
11	Congo	Zone 4 Runner-Up	5th	1985
12	Egypt	Zone 5 Winner	19th	2007
13	Rwanda	Zone 5 Runner-Up	2nd	2007
14	Mozambique	Zone 6 Winner	10th	2007
15	Senegal	Wild Card	24th	2007
16	South Africa	Wild Card	7th	2007

A revised format will debut in the 2009 championship:

• The teams will be divided into four groups (Groups A-D) for the preliminary round.
• Round robin for the preliminary round; the top three teams from each group advance to the next round.
• The top three teams from Groups A and B qualify to Eighth Final round Group E; the top three teams from Groups C and D qualify to Eighth Final Group F. The final scores of all games played in the preliminary round are valid for the eighth final round, including games against teams that did not advance beyond the preliminary round.
• The top four teams from each of the Eighth final groups advance to the sudden-death quarterfinals. The quarterfinal match-ups will be:
  • QF1: 1E vs. 4F
  • QF2: 2F vs. 3E
  • QF3: 2E vs. 3F
  • QF4: 1F vs. 4E
• The winners in the quarterfinals advance to the semifinals. The match-ups are:
  • SF1: QFW1 vs. QFW2
  • SF2: QFW3 vs. QFW4
  • Winners secure an automatic berth to the 2010 World Championship.
• The semifinal teams will play in the sudden-death finals. The match-ups for the finals are:
  • Bronze medal game: SFL1 vs. SFL2
    • Winner secures an automatic berth to the 2010 World Championship.
  • Gold medal game: SFW1 vs. SFW2
• Top 3 teams will automatically qualify to the 2010 FIBA World Championship which is held in Turkey.

Each of the sixteen teams competing was eligible to field a squad of twelve players for the tournament. Only Cape Verde and host Libya did not take advantage of this limit, as both teams sent an 11-man squad to the competition.^[12][13]

The draw was held on June 26, 2009, in Libya.^[14]

	Qualified for the quarterfinals
	Eliminated in Preliminary round

All times are in local time UTC+2

Group A went according to form, as African powerhouse Nigeria was rarely challenged in the group en route to going undefeated. Côte d'Ivoire grabbed the second eighth final spot out of Group A by winning its last two group games after losing its tournament opener to the Nigerians. Host Libya, making its first tournament appearance since 1978, won its tournament opener over South Africa. This was enough to qualify for the eighth final round as last place South Africa lost its last two games by a combined 85 points.

Team	Pld	W	L	PF	PA	PD	Pts
Nigeria	3	3	0	287	214	+73	6
Ivory Coast	3	2	1	251	214	+37	5
Libya	3	1	2	233	242	-9	4
South Africa	3	0	3	178	279	-101	3

Five-time defending champion Angola surprisingly struggled in its first two games, slipping by Mali by 5 after ending the game on an 8–3 run, and beating Egypt after trailing at the half. Angola again found themselves tied at the half against Mozambique before finally hitting their stride in outscoring their opponents 60–17 in the second half. Mali took control in the second half against Egypt to finish second in the group; both teams advanced by virtue of their victories over last place Mozambique.

Team	Pld	W	L	PF	PA	PD	Pts
Angola	3	3	0	251	193	+58	6
Mali	3	2	1	208	180	+28	5
Egypt	3	1	2	188	208	-20	4
Mozambique	3	0	3	166	232	-66	3

2005 silver medalists Senegal and 2007 silver medalists Cameroon both cruised to victories in their first two games to qualify for the eighth final round. Senegal won a hard-fought two-point victory over Cameroon in the final group game to grab first place in the group. Central African Republic thrashed over-matched Congo 113–61, in what amounted to an elimination game between two 0–2 teams on the last match day, to grab the final eighth final spot out of Group C.

Team	Pld	W	L	PF	PA	PD	Pts
Senegal	3	3	0	244	202	+42	6
Cameroon	3	2	1	214	192	+22	5
Central African Republic	3	1	2	251	222	+29	4
Congo	3	0	3	185	278	-93	3

Group D was the most tightly contested preliminary round group. These games resulted in the most surprising result of this stage of the tournament as defending bronze medalists Cape Verde were eliminated even after their opening victory over Tunisia in spite of the efforts of Jeff Xavier, who would finish as the tournament's leading scorer. Group D also saw one of the best games of the tournament, as Morocco's Mohamad Hachad single-handedly shocked Rwanda when he hit a three-pointer with 29 seconds left, then stole the ball and passed to Yunss Akinocho for a jumper to erase a four-point lead in an 85–84 victory. Tunisia and Morocco both advanced with victories on the final day of group play after no team had clinched a spot in the eighth final coming into the final games. Rwanda also advanced by virtue of its ten-point victory over Cape Verde.

Team	Pld	W	L	PF	PA	PD	Pts	Tie
Tunisia	3	2	1	224	207	+17	5	1-0
Morocco	3	2	1	250	265	-15	5	0-1
Rwanda	3	1	2	218	226	-8	4	1-0
Cape Verde	3	1	2	221	215	+6	4	0-1

Group E went according to form as defending champion Angola continued its undefeated run in the tournament by dismantling Libya and Côte d'Ivoire in its first two games. Nigeria followed suit, albeit in less than dominating fashion, by slipping by Egypt and Mali to set up a showdown in the final group play match with Angola. Nigeria hung with the defending champions in a hard-fought game that was close the whole way, but the Nigerians could not close the deficit below two in the fourth quarter en route to a 93–85 loss.

Mali coasted to two easy victories over Côte d'Ivoire and Libya to finish third in the group. Côte d'Ivoire pulled away from Egypt in the fourth quarter to grab the final quarterfinal spot of the group. Egypt lost all three games, including a humiliating 75–73 loss to Libya on Raed Elhamali's buzzer beater. This was the first time in 19 appearances at the FIBA Africa Championship that the Egyptians failed to qualify for the semifinals.

Team	Pld	W	L	PF	PA	PD	Pts
Angola	6	6	0	523	397	+126	12
Nigeria	6	5	1	533	454	+79	11
Mali	6	4	2	444	385	+61	10
Ivory Coast	6	3	3	450	437	+13	9
Libya	6	2	4	439	501	-62	8
Egypt	6	1	5	402	450	-48	7

Unlike Group E, Group F was filled with back-and-forth matches between all six teams. Day 1 of the group saw plenty of action. Rwanda, making only its second tournament appearance, stunned 24-time participant Senegal, which had been undefeated in group play. Tunisia followed that up with a one-point victory over Central African Republic on Amine Rzig's jumper with four seconds left.

On Day 2, Central African Republic returned to form with a dominating 21-point victory over Rwanda. Senegal was upset yet again when Mouhammad Faye missed two free throws with three seconds left in a 75–73 loss to Morocco. Tunisia again won in dramatic fashion with a 68–66 victory over Cameroon when Parfait Bitee missed a 3-pointer at the buzzer.

Heading into Day 3, only Tunisia had clinched a quarterfinal spot. Senegal rebounded from two consecutive losses to beat Tunisia and steal first place in the group from the Tunisians. Despite losing to Rwanda, Cameroon finished third in the group. Central African Republic beat Morocco to claim the final quarterfinal spot.

Team	Pld	W	L	PF	PA	PD	Pts	Tie
Senegal	6	4	2	449	414	+35	10	1–0
Tunisia	6	4	2	433	421	+12	10	0–1
Cameroon	6	3	3	429	396	+33	9	2–1	1–0
Central African Republic	6	3	3	492	435	+57	9	2–1	0–1
Morocco	6	3	3	452	499	-47	9	1–2	1–0
Rwanda	6	3	3	436	439	-3	9	1–2	0–1

The knockout stage was a single-elimination tournament involving the eight teams that qualified by finishing in the top four of their group in the eighth final stage of the tournament. There were three rounds of matches, with each round eliminating half of the teams entering that round. The successive rounds were: quarter-finals, semi-finals, final. There was also a play-off to decide third/fourth place. Each finalist and the winner of the third place game would qualify for the 2010 FIBA World Championship.

	Quarter-finals				Semi-finals				Final
	Angola	84
	Central African Republic	63
					Angola	79
					Tunisia	69
	Mali	73
	Tunisia	74
									Angola	82
									Ivory Coast	72
	Nigeria	80
	Cameroon	84
					Cameroon	61
					Ivory Coast	68			Third place
	Ivory Coast	84
	Senegal	78
									Tunisia	83
									Cameroon	68

In the first game of the quarterfinals, Angola closed the third quarter on a 23–6 run en route to an 84–63 victory after Central African Republic had tied the game at 43 early in the second half. The Angolans qualified for the semifinals for the 14th consecutive Afrobasket tournament. Tunisia won a thriller over Mali 74-73 when Mali star Amara Sy missed the second of two free throws with one second on the clock. In the third quarterfinal, Cameroon never trailed in the second half to stun Nigeria, whose only previous loss had come at the hands of Angola. Group E fourth-place finisher Côte d'Ivoire followed the previous game with a shocker of their own in beating Group F first place Senegal. The Ivorians dominated the beginning and end of the game after the team jumped out to a 16–2 first half lead and closed the game on a 16–6 run en route to a six-point victory.

In the semifinals, Tunisia hung with the powerhouse Angolans for much of the game. The Tunisians never trailed by more than eleven in the fourth quarter but could not cut the deficit lower than five en route to a ten-point loss. In a match-up between the two teams that pulled quarterfinal upsets, Côte d'Ivoire continued its Cinderella run with a victory over Cameroon. The Ivorians closed the game on an 8–0 run in the final two minutes to turn a 61–60 deficit into a 68–61 victory to qualify for the team's first FIBA Africa Championship final since 1985.

In a game that would decide the third and final African qualifier for the 2010 FIBA World Championship, Tunisia never trailed in winning the bronze medal game over Cameroon in dominating fashion. Tunisian star and All-Tournament First Team selection Amine Rzig scored a game-high 20 points.

Angola won its sixth consecutive African championship after withstanding a valiant challenge from the upstart Côte d'Ivoire team. Côte d'Ivoire took a surprising one-point lead into the half and kept the game close through the second half as the eventual 10-point margin of victory matched Angola's biggest lead in the game.

In the consolation bracket for quarterfinal losers, Central African Republic continued its strong run in the tournament following an 0–2 start in beating Mali 80-74. In a match-up that most expected would take place in the semifinals, Nigeria regained its preliminary round form in dismantling Senegal in the second game.

Nigeria grabbed fifth place over the Central Africans in an uneventful game. Senegal defeated Mali in the seventh place game to end a disappointing tournament with a 5–4 record after starting the tournament 3–0.

	Semi-finals				Fifth place
	Central African Republic	80
	Mali	74
					Central African Republic	71
					Nigeria	80
	Nigeria	76
	Senegal	58
					Seventh place
					Mali	63
					Senegal	74

In the consolation bracket for eighth final losers, surprising Rwanda continued its strong run in its second ever Afrobasket tournament by finishing ninth and improving on last year's twelve place finish. Egypt finished tenth with a 2–6 record, by far its worst performance in a FIBA Africa Championship. The host Libyans finished in a strong eleventh place for a team making its first appearance in an Afrobasket tournament since 1978 on the strength of Hesham Ali Salem's 25-point, 14-rebound performance in the eleventh place game.

	Semi-finals				Ninth place
	Morocco	62
	Egypt	88
					Egypt	75
					Rwanda	78
	Libya	77
	Rwanda	80
					Eleventh place
					Morocco	76
					Libya	80

In the consolation bracket for opening round losers, Cape Verde finally showed the form that won them the bronze medal at the FIBA Africa Championship 2007 in destroying Congo and Mozambique by 37 and 33 points, respectively. Against Congo, Cape Verde star Jeff Xavier scored a tournament-high 38 points. Mozambique slipped by South Africa 69–67 to grab its only win of the tournament en route to a 14th-place finish. In the 15th-place game, South Africa claimed its only victory of the tournament and sent the over-matched Congo team home winless.

	Semi-finals				Thirteenth place
	South Africa	67
	Mozambique	69
					Mozambique	61
					Cape Verde	94
	Congo	63
	Cape Verde	100
					Fifteenth place
					South Africa	81
					Congo	65

Qualified for 2010 FIBA World Championships

Rank	Team	Record
1	Angola	9–0
2	Ivory Coast	5–4
3	Tunisia	6–3
4	Cameroon	4–5
5	Nigeria	7–2
6	Central African Republic	4–5
7	Senegal	5–4
8	Mali	4–5
9	Rwanda	5–3
10	Egypt	2–6
11	Libya	3–5
12	Morocco	3–5
13	Cape Verde	3–2
14	Mozambique	1–4
15	South Africa	1–4
16	Congo	0–5

Angola Olimpio Cipriano Armando Costa Carlos Morais Domingos Bonifacio Luis Costa Leonel Paulo Joaquim Gomes Adolfo Quimbamba Felizardo Ambrosio Carlos Almeida Filipe Abraao Eduardo Mingas Coach: Luís Magalhães	Ivory Coast Pape-Philippe Amagou Errick Craven Charles-Noe Abouo Issife Soumahoro Kinidinnin Konate Mouloukou Diabate Ismael N'Diaye Wilfrid Aka Jonathan Kale Didier Eric Tape Namori Meite Mohamed Kone Coach: Randoald Dessarzin	Tunisia Mokhtar Ghyaza Marouen Lahmar Nizar Knioua Naim Dhifallah Marouan Kechrid Mohamed Hdidane Atef Maoua Makrem Ben Romdhane Anis Hedidane Amine Rzig Hamdi Braa Salah Mejri Coach: Adel Tlatli

FIBA Africa Championship 2009 winners
Angola Tenth title

Most Valuable Player
Joaquim Gomes "Kikas"

Department	Name	Total	Opponent
Points	Jeff Xavier	38	Congo
Rebounds	Robert Thomson	18	Tunisia
Assists	Babacar Cisse	10	Congo
Steals	Mouloukou Diabate Jeff Xavier	7	South Africa  Congo
Blocks	8 tied with 4
Field goal percentage	Joaquim Gomes	100% (12/12)	Mali
3-point field goal percentage	Eduardo Mingas	100% (4/4)	Nigeria
Free throw percentage	Romain Sato	100% (10/10)	Rwanda
Turnovers	Amara Sy	9	Ivory Coast

Department	Name	Total	Opponent
Points	Central African Republic	113	Congo
Rebounds	Senegal	55	Congo
Assists	Central African Republic  Mali	24	Congo  Libya
Steals	Angola  Ivory Coast  Nigeria	18	Libya  South Africa  Cameroon
Blocks	Senegal	9	Congo
Field goal percentage	Egypt	60.9%	Mozambique
3-point field goal percentage	Libya	83.3%	Egypt
Free throw percentage	Cameroon	91.7%	Tunisia
Turnovers	South Africa	31	Ivory Coast

The following players were voted to the All-Tournament teams by journalists and experts in attendance at the tournament:^[2][26]

Pape-Philippe Amagou
DeSagana Diop
Joaquim Gomes (Tournament MVP)
Amine Rzig
Romain Sato

Eduardo Mingas
Carlos Morais
Boniface Ndong
Hesham Ali Salem
Jeff Xavier

Babacar Cisse
Armando Costa
Michael Efevberha
Gaston Essengue
Mouhammad Faye
Robert Thomson

• Official website
• Afrobasket Forum
• Interbasket Afrobasket coverage

• 2009 FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup