Effects of the storage conditions on the stability of natural and synthetic cannabis in biological matrices for forensic toxicology analysis: An update from the literature
Contents
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Country | United Kingdom |
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Broadcast area |
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Headquarters | 3 Queen Caroline Street, Hammersmith, London W6 9PE |
Programming | |
Language(s) |
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Picture format |
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Ownership | |
Owner | |
Sister channels | List
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History | |
Launched |
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Closed | 1 April 2024 | (distribution in the Nordics)
Links | |
Website |
Disney Channel is a children's pay television channel owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company Limited, the international business division of the Walt Disney Company serving television markets across the Middle East (except Iran, Israel, Syria, and Turkey), North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Greece, Cyprus, the Baltics, and most of the Balkans[1] (excluding Albania, Bulgaria, Romania and Moldova).
Originally launched on 2 April 1997 as a channel in the Middle East and North Africa; exclusively for Orbit TV (now OSN) subscribers,[2][3] it began expanding to markets in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2006[4] and the Balkans.
The channel previously used to cover Poland[5] and Turkey,[6] with respective audio tracks for the two markets, until 2010[7] and 2012[8] respectively when two fully-localized feeds were launched for the two countries. In Albania, the EMEA feed was previously available from 2012 to 2018, with Albanian subtitles available for programs.[9]
Majority of programming from Disney Channel are also available on Disney+ throughout the regions and South Africa.
History
Disney Channel, then known as The Disney Channel began broadcasting on 2 April 1997 on satellite provider Orbit (now OSN) in the Middle East and North Africa region.[2][3][10] At first, the channel was only available in English, but on 1 April 1998, a separate Arabic sub-feed was added. Animated films and series were dubbed in Arabic,[11] while live-action films and series were subtitled. Disney Channel Middle East was then picked up by satellite provider Showtime in fall 2001. The channel featured the logos (resembling Mickey Mouse head) in two versions (the one with the channel's name written in English and the other in Arabic for each feed), until June 2003 when it adopted the 2002 US Disney Channel logo.
Somewhere at that time, both the Arabic and English feeds of the channel were merged. In consequence, on 3 January 2005 Disney Channel Middle East started to simulcast Disney Channel Scandinavia, including its schedule and the prints of the series and movies for this feed (which were modified to also include Arabic dubbing credits). Then somewhere between November and December 2005, Disney Channel Scandinavia and Middle East started to add dubbing credits to its programming through subtitles.
Disney Channel Scandinavia and Middle East started gradually becoming individual feeds in 2006, starting with a different rotation of films (that gradually got more different), though this did not stop Arab satellite provider Orbit from adding a Swedish audio track to the Middle Eastern feed on 16 April 2007 (which was subsequently removed years later).
The Middle Eastern feed became a pan-regional network, as the channel was launched in Sub-Saharan Africa on 25 September 2006,[12][4][13] Poland on 2 December 2006,[5][4] Turkey on 29 April 2007;[6][14] and Greece along with Cyprus on 8 November 2009.
In September 2009, when the feed separation from Disney Channel Scandinavia was complete, the Middle East feed (now broadcasting in most of the EMEA region) started to share promotions and events with the CEE feed.
On 1 August 2010, the EMEA feed in Poland was separated and replaced with a fully localized Polish feed.
On 12 January 2012, Disney Channel EMEA in Turkey was replaced by an independent Turkish feed,[8] and became a free-to-air network.[15]
Between 2009 and 2012, Disney Channel EMEA began broadcasting in the former Yugoslavia (Serbia, Croatia,[16] Montenegro, North Macedonia,[17] Bosnia, Slovenia) and Albania.[9]
The channel adopted a new logo and underwent a rebrand on 21 July 2014.[18] In 2015, Disney Channel EMEA switched its aspect ratio from 4:3 to 16:9.
In 2017, a high-definition feed of the channel was launched. It includes Arabic subtitles for live-action films and TV series. Also in that year, Disney Channel EMEA rebranded using the 2017 European branding package. And in August 2018, the Albanian transmission ceased.[19]
On 24 June 2022, Disney Channel EMEA, Israel, Spain and Portugal rebranded with a new graphics,[20] with the customized wordmark logo; designed by Flopicco from Rome, Italy.[21]
Availability
Middle East and North Africa
The Middle East sub-feed is the oldest sub-feed, and began broadcasting in the Middle East and North Africa on 2 April 1997.[2][3][10] The feed is currently available in both English and Arabic. The vast majority of all animated series can be watched with Arabic dubbing, but live-action programs are almost always aired in English only with Arabic subtitles instead. It also has its own website, which is offered with English and Arabic versions. On 31 December 2023, Disney Channel was removed off the OSN cable provider because OSN did not renew its contract with Disney to offer its channels in its catalog, and was replaced by Cartoon Network later that night.[22]
Sub-Saharan Africa
Launched on 25 September 2006 on Multichoice's DStv,[12] it later went 24 hours since 2007.[13] Broadcasting in most of Sub-Saharan Africa. This feed airs programs in English only, without foreign-language subtitles.
Greece & Cyprus
Launched in Greece and Cyprus on 8 November 2009 on NOVA. The feed is currently available in both English and Greek. Most programs, whether animated or live-action, are generally dubbed into Greek on this sub-feed, although some programs are aired with Greek subtitles instead. It also has a Greek-language website.
Other countries
Expanded between 2009 and 2012 with multiple distributors through Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia (including the disputed Kosovo) and Slovenia. All programs are exclusively aired with English audio, with Serbian, Croatian and Slovene subtitles. On February 28, 2023, the feed launched in the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), replacing the Scandinavian feed (which was distributed on television provider Allente). The Scandinavian feed was itself replaced in the Nordics by the EMEA feed on 5 June 2023. The Scandinavian feed would relaunch on 2 April 2024 replacing the EMEA feed.
Sister channels
Disney Jr.
Disney Jr. is a pan-regional and sister channel; focused on toddlers and preschoolers, aged 2–6 years old. It launched on September 1, 2010, in MENA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Greece & Cyprus as Playhouse Disney. On June 1, 2011, Disney Junior was launched, replacing Playhouse Disney.[23]
On 31 May 2016, Disney Junior was launched in a full Arabic language counterpart; exclusively on OSN.[24]
Disney XD (closed)
Disney XD was a pan-regional and sister channel; focused on older kids and teenagers (mostly boys). It was launched in the MENA, Greece, Serbia, Bosnia, Montenegro, Croatia, North Macedonia and Slovenia[25] in 2009;[26] and in Sub-Saharan Africa in May 2011.[27]
In South Africa in June 2014, Multichoice fined R5000 (around $300) after failing to provide a warning before airing an advertisement for the fantasy drama series WolfBlood, containing horror scenes on the morning of 31 December 2013.[28]
In 2018, an Arabic language counterpart launched.[29]
The channel was later closed in Sub-Saharan Africa on 1 October 2020;[30] the MENA region and in the Balkans, on 31 December 2020;[31][32] and Greece on 31 January 2021.[33]
Programming
Current programming
- Big City Greens[36]
- Chip 'n' Dale: Park Life
- Descendants: Wicked World
- The Ghost and Molly McGee
- Kiff
- Klik Klub
- Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir
- Phineas and Ferb
- Pretty Freekin Scary
- Raven's Home
- The Villains of Valley View
- Walk the Prank
- Wandi & Kabz
Note: Some programs are available on Disney+.
Former programming
- Adventures of the Gummi Bears
- A Kind of Magic
- Aladdin
- Alex & Co.
- American Dragon: Jake Long
- Amphibia[37]
- A.N.T. Farm
- Art Attack
- Austin & Ally
- Avengers Assemble
- Best Friends Whenever
- Binny and the Ghost
- Bizaardvark
- Brandy & Mr. Whiskers
- Bunk'd
- Chip and Dale: Rescue Rangers
- Cookabout
- Coop & Cami Ask the World
- Cory in the House
- Darkwing Duck
- Disney 11
- Disney Fam Jam
- Disney Tsum Tsum
- Dog with a Blog
- Doug (Disney version)
- DuckTales (1987)
- DuckTales
- Elena of Avalor (Originally on Disney Junior)
- Even Stevens
- The Evermoor Chronicles
- The Fairly OddParents (Seasons 1–5)
- Fish Hooks
- Gabby Duran & the Unsittables[38] (27 July 2020-Present)[39]
- Gargoyles
- Ghostforce[40]
- Gigantosaurus (Now on Disney Junior)
- Girl Meets World
- Go Away, Unicorn!
- Goof Troop
- Good Luck Charlie
- Gravity Falls
- Guardians of the Galaxy
- H2O: Just Add Water
- Hank Zipzer
- Hannah Montana
- Home Improvement
- House of Mouse
- Hotel Transylvania: The Series
- Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H.
- I Didn't Do It
- Jonas
- Jessie
- Just Roll with It
- K.C. Undercover
- Kim Possible
- Kitty Is Not a Cat
- Lab Rats
- Legend of the Three Caballeros
- Lilo & Stitch: The Series
- Liv and Maddie
- Lizzie McGuire
- Lloyd in Space
- LoliRock
- Mako Mermaids
- Marvel's Spider-Man
- Mickey Mouse
- Mickey Mouse Clubhouse (Now on Disney Junior)
- Marvel Rising: Secret Warriors
- My Babysitter's a Vampire
- The Next Step
- The Owl House
- Penny on M.A.R.S.
- Phil of the Future
- Quack Pack
- Rapunzel's Tangled Adventure (Originally on Disney Junior)
- The Legend of Tarzan
- Recess
- The Rocketeer (Originally also on Disney Junior)
- Rolling with the Ronks!
- Sabrina: The Animated Series
- Sabrina: Secrets of a Teenage Witch
- Sadie Sparks
- Secrets of Sulphur Springs
- Shake It Up
- Sofia the First (Now on Disney Junior)
- Sonny with a Chance
- So Random!
- So Weird
- Soy Luna
- Star Wars Forces of Destiny
- Stuck in the Middle
- The Suite Life of Zack & Cody
- The Suite Life on Deck
- Supa Strikas
- Sydney to the Max
- Teacher's Pet
- Team Sayari[41]
- Timon and Pumbaa
- That's So Raven
- Totally Spies!
- Ultimate Spider-Man
- Ultra Violet & Black Scorpion
- The Unstoppable Yellow Yeti[42]
- Vikingskool[43][44][45]
- Violetta
- The Weekenders
- Win, Lose or Draw
- Wizards of Waverly Place
- The ZhuZhus
Disney Channel Original Movie premieres
2015
- Teen Beach Movie (26 June 2015)
- Descendants (18 September 2015)
2016
- Adventures in Babysitting (23 September 2016)
2017
- Descendants 2 (6 October 2017)
2018
- Zombies (12 May 2018)
- Freaky Friday (9 November 2018)
2019
- Kim Possible (3 May 2019)
- Descendants 3 (11 October 2019)
2020
2021
- Upside-Down Magic (29 January 2021)
- Under Wraps (29 October 2021)
- Spin (12 November 2021)[47]
- Christmas... Again?! (24 December 2021)[48]
2022
- Zombies 3 (14 October 2022)
References
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- ^ a b c Disney Channel - Arabic VHS Trailer, 4 August 2012, archived from the original on 1 May 2022, retrieved 1 May 2022
- ^ a b c "A Salute to Disney Channel: International: Vive le Mickey". Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
- ^ a b c "Disney Factbook 2008" (PDF). p. 32. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
- ^ a b "Disney Channel przyciąga widzów". Media2.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 31 July 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ^ a b Kemp, Stuart (4 April 2007). "Disney Channel preps Turkey launch". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
- ^ Disney Channel - Scandinavia/MENA/Poland - Promos + Idents (2008), 21 August 2021, archived from the original on 11 January 2022, retrieved 1 May 2022
- ^ a b "Walt Disney şifresiz yayına başlayacak - CNN TÜRK". 24 October 2011. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
- ^ a b "Disney Channel në Digitalb". Telekomanda. 17 May 2012. Archived from the original on 15 September 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
- ^ a b "Disney Factbook 1997 - Disney Through the Decades" (PDF). The Walt Disney Company. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2006. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
- ^ Disney in Arabic! [90's Disney Channel Middle East], 13 July 2013, archived from the original on 1 May 2022, retrieved 1 May 2022
- ^ a b "Disney Channel expands to South Africa". C21Media. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
- ^ a b "Disney channel Africa goes 24/7". Broadband TV News. 5 March 2007. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
- ^ "Walt Disney launching cable channel in Turkey". Reuters. 3 April 2007. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
- ^ "New landmark for Disney Channel". Broadband TV News. 12 January 2012. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
- ^ "TV Channel: Disney Channel (version in Croatian)". MAVISE. Archived from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
- ^ "Kanali". Total TV (in Macedonian). 10 March 2020. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
- ^ "Disney Channel unveils its new logo and on-air branding across Africa". mediaupdate.co.za. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
- ^ "Change Log - KingOfSat". Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ Disney Channel EMEA changed logo (24.06.2022. @ 05:00 CET), 25 June 2022, archived from the original on 22 August 2022, retrieved 22 August 2022
- ^ Flopicco (17 August 2022), Disney Channel Brand System 2022, archived from the original on 22 August 2022, retrieved 22 August 2022
- ^ Disney Channel Arabia | Continuity - Channel Shutdown from OSN | December 2023, January 2024, retrieved 2 January 2024
- ^ "Disney Junior launches in SA". Channel24. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
- ^ "Disney Junior launches in Arabic on OSN". BroadcastPro ME. 31 May 2016. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
- ^ "Program Disney XD bo odslej na voljo tudi v Sloveniji". Dnevnik. Archived from the original on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ "Disney lansira novi kanal za Srbiju". Marcon AG. DISNEY XD 3. OKTOBRA. Archived from the original on 19 December 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ "Multichoice fined for Disney 'horror' - South Africa | IOL News". IOL News. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
- ^ "OSN to host Disney XD in Arabic". BroadcastPro ME. 9 August 2018. Archived from the original on 2 January 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ Ferreira, Thinus. "FOX Life and Disney XD going dark on DStv". Channel 24. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
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