Effects of the storage conditions on the stability of natural and synthetic cannabis in biological matrices for forensic toxicology analysis: An update from the literature
| Aphodius | |
|---|---|
| |
| Aphodius pedellus, Canada | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Scarabaeidae |
| Subfamily: | Aphodiinae |
| Tribe: | Aphodiini |
| Genus: | Aphodius Illiger, 1798 |
Aphodius is a genus of beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. In most species both the adults and larvae are coprophagous (dung feeding)[1] although some species have herbivorous or saprophagous larvae.[2] Aphodius species typically dominate dung beetle communities in north temperate ecosystems.[3] Most species are functionally classified as endocoprids, also known as dwellers, because the larvae live and feed within the dung pat itself.[4]
With a discovery of an earlier published version by Hellwig, the correct citation for this genus is now: Aphodius Hellwig, 1798 (p. 101; 24 January). Type species by subsequent designation by Latreille (1810): Scarabaeus fimetarius Linnaeus, 1758.[5]
Species
These 44 species belong to the genus Aphodius, including 21 extinct species.[6]
- Aphodius beloni Mulsant & Godart, 1879
- Aphodius calichromus Balthasar, 1932
- Aphodius cardinalis Reitter, 1892
- Aphodius clypeatus Fischer von Waldheim, 1821
- Aphodius coniugatus (Panzer, 1795)
- Aphodius corallifer Koshantschikov, 1913
- Aphodius crux Wiedemann, 1823
- Aphodius elegans Allibert, 1847
- Aphodius fasciger Harold, 1881
- Aphodius fimetarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Aphodius foetidus (Herbst, 1783)
- Aphodius guangdongensis Maté, 2008
- Aphodius irregularis Westwood, 1839
- Aphodius marginatus Fischer von Waldheim, 1842
- Aphodius micros Walker, 1871
- Aphodius minatorius Péringuey, 1908
- Aphodius pedellus (Degeer, 1774)
- Aphodius pedrosi Wollaston, 1854
- Aphodius plasoni Käufel, 1914
- Aphodius reginae Král, 1997
- Aphodius spadix Schmidt, 1916
- Aphodius swaneticus Reitter, 1892
- Aphodius thoracicus Fischer von Waldheim, 1842
- † Aphodius aboriginalis Wickham, 1912
- † Aphodius anteactus Krell, 2000
- † Aphodius bosniaskii Handlirsch, 1907
- † Aphodius brevipennis Heer, 1862
- † Aphodius charauxi Piton, 1940
- † Aphodius cretaceous Nikolajev, 2008
- † Aphodius florissantensis Wickham, 1911
- † Aphodius granarioides Wickham, 1913
- † Aphodius helvolus Statz, 1952
- † Aphodius inundatus Wickham, 1914
- † Aphodius krantzi Heyden & Heyden, 1866
- † Aphodius laminicola Wickham, 1910
- † Aphodius mediaevus Wickham, 1914
- † Aphodius meyeri Heer, 1847
- † Aphodius praeemptor Wickham, 1913
- † Aphodius precursor Horn, 1876
- † Aphodius schlickumi Statz, 1952
- † Aphodius senex Wickham, 1914
- † Aphodius shoshonis Wickham, 1912
- † Aphodius theobaldi Krell, 2000
- † Aphodius vectis Krell, 2019
The species of the following genera were formerly classified in Aphodius:[7][8]
- Acrossus Mulsant, 1842
- Agoliinus Schmidt, 1913
- Alloblackburneus Bordat, 2009
- Ballucus Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Blackburneus Schmidt, 1913
- Calamosternus Motschulsky, 1859
- Caligodorus Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Cephalocyclus Dellacasa et al., 1998
- Chilothorax Motschulsky, 1859
- Cinacanthus Schmidt, 1913
- Coelotrachelus Schmidt, 1913
- Colobopterus Mulsant, 1842
- Cryptoscatomaseter Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Dellacasiellus Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Dialytodius Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Drepanocanthoides Schmidt, 1913
- Eupleurus Mulsant, 1842
- Flaviellus Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Geomyphilus Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Haroldiellus Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Hornosus Dellacasa, Dellacasa & Gordon, 2015
- Irrasinus Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Labarrus Mulsant & Rey, 1869
- Lechorodius Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Liothorax Motschulsky, 1859
- Luxolinus Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Maculaphodius Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Melinopterus Mulsant, 1842
- Mendidius Harold, 1868
- Merogyrus Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Neotrichonotulus Dellacasa et al., 2004
- Nialaphodius Kolbe, 1908
- Orodaliscoides Schmidt, 1913
- Oscarinus Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Otophorus Mulsant, 1842
- Oxyomoides Dellacasa et al., 2016
- Pardalosus Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Phaeaphodius Reitter, 1892
- Planolinellus Dellacasa & Dellacasa, 2005
- Planolinoides Dellacasa & Dellacasa, 2005
- Planolinus Mulsant & Rey, 1869
- Pseudagolius Schmidt, 1913
- Rugaphodius Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Scabrostomus Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Schaefferellus Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Setodius Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Stenotothorax Schmidt, 1913
- Strigodius Gordon & Skelley, 2007
- Tetraclipeoides Schmidt, 1913
- Teuchestes Mulsant, 1842
- Trichaphodioides Paulian, 1942
- Trichonotulus Bedel, 1911
References
- ^ Valiela, Ivan (1974). "Composition, food webs, and population limitation in dung arthropod communities during invasion and succession". American Midland Naturalist. 92: 370–385 [380]. doi:10.2307/2424302. JSTOR 2424302.
- ^ Hanski and Cambefort (1991), p. 83.
- ^ Hanski and Cambefort (1991), p. 75.
- ^ Finn, J. A.; Gittings, T. (2003). "A review of competition in north temperate dung beetle communities". Ecological Entomology. 28 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2311.2002.00487.x.
- ^ ALONSO-ZARAZAGA, M.A. & KRELL, F.T. 2011. Change of authorship of Aphodius and Oryctes to Hellwig, 1798 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Zootaxa 3060: 67–68. https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.3060.1.5/20827
- ^ "Aphodius Hellwig, 1798". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2021-12-25.
- ^ Gordon, Robert D. & Skelley, Paul E. (2007). "A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiini)". Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 79: 1–580. ISBN 978-1-887988-23-0.
- ^ "Aphodius Genus information". Bugguide. Retrieved 2021-12-25.
- Hanski, Ilkka & Cambefort, Yves, eds. (1991). Dung Beetle Ecology. Princeton University Press. doi:10.1515/9781400862092. ISBN 9781400862092.
