Cybersecurity and privacy risk assessment of point-of-care systems in healthcare: A use case approach

HMS Victory at Portsmouth Historic Dockyard
History
United Kingdom
Name	HMS Victory
Ordered	14 July 1758
Builder	Chatham Dockyard
Laid down	23 July 1759
Launched	7 May 1765; 259 years ago (1765-05-07)
Commissioned	1778
In service	246 years
Homeport	Portsmouth Historic Dockyard, England 50°48′07″N 1°06′35″W / 50.80194°N 1.10972°W / 50.80194; -1.10972
Honours and awards	Participated in: First Battle of Ushant (1778) Second Battle of Ushant (1781) Battle of Cape Spartel (1782) Battle of the Hyères Islands (1795) Battle of Cape St Vincent (1797) Battle of Trafalgar (1805)
Status	Active Flagship of the First Sea Lord
General characteristics [1]
Class and type	104-gun first-rate ship of the line
Displacement	3,500 Long ton (3,556 tonnes)[2]
Tons burthen	2,142 bm
Length	186 ft (57 m) (gundeck), 227 ft 6 in (69.34 m) (overall)
Beam	51 ft 10 in (15.80 m)
Draught	28 ft 9 in (8.76 m)
Depth of hold	21 ft 6 in (6.55 m)
Propulsion	Sails—6,510 sq yd (5,440 m2)
Sail plan	Full-rigged ship
Speed	up to 11 knots (20 km/h)
Complement	Approximately 850
Armament	Trafalgar: Gundeck: 30 × 2.75-ton long pattern Blomefield 32-pounders (15 kg) Middle gundeck: 28 × 2.5-ton long 24-pounders (11 kg) Upper gundeck: 30 × 1.7-ton short 12-pounders (5 kg) Quarterdeck: 12 × 1.7-ton short 12-pounder (5 kg) Forecastle: 2 × medium 12-pounder (5 kg), 2 × 68-pounder (31 kg) carronade
Notes	Height from waterline to top of mainmast: 205 ft (62.5 m)

HMS Victory is a 104-gun first-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. She was ordered in 1758, laid down in 1759, and launched in 1765. With 246 years of service as of 2024, she is the world's oldest naval vessel still in commission.

Victory is best known for her role as Horatio Nelson's flagship at the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October 1805. She had previously served as Keppel's flagship at Ushant, Howe's flagship at Cape Spartel and Jervis's flagship at Cape St Vincent. After 1824, she was relegated to the role of harbour ship. In 1922, she was moved to a dry dock at Portsmouth, England, and preserved as a museum ship. She has been the flagship of the First Sea Lord since October 2012.

In December 1758, William Pitt the Elder, as head of the British government, placed an order for the building of 12 ships, including a first-rate ship that would become Victory.^[3] During the 18th century, Victory was one of ten first-rate ships to be constructed.^[4] The outline plans were based on HMS Royal George, which had been launched at Woolwich Dockyard in 1756, and the naval architect chosen to design the ship was Sir Thomas Slade, the Surveyor of the Navy.^[5] She was designed to carry at least 100 guns. The commissioner of Chatham Dockyard was instructed to prepare a dry dock for the construction.^[6] The master shipwright in charge of construction was initially John Lock who died in 1762 and was replaced by Edward Allin, son of Sir Joseph Allin, former Surveyor of the Navy.^[7] The keel was laid on 23 July 1759 in the Old Single Dock (since renamed No. 2 Dock and now Victory Dock), and the name Victory was chosen in October 1760.^[8] In 1759, the Seven Years' War was going well for Britain; land victories had been won at Quebec and Minden and naval battles had been won at Lagos and Quiberon Bay. It was the Annus Mirabilis, or Wonderful Year, and the ship's name may have been chosen to commemorate the victories^[9][10] or it may have been chosen simply because out of the seven names shortlisted, Victory was the only one not in use.^[11][12] There were some doubts whether this was a suitable name, since the previous Victory had been lost with all hands in 1744.^[12]

A team of 150 workmen was assigned to construct Victory's frame.^[13] Around 6,000 trees were used in her construction, of which 90% were oak and the remainder elm, pine and fir, together with a small quantity of lignum vitae.^[14] The wood of the hull was held in place by six-foot copper bolts, supported by treenails for the smaller fittings.^[13] Once the ship's frame had been built, it was normal to cover it up and leave it for several months to allow the wood to dry out or "season". French naval power had been severely weakened by the events in Quiberon Bay and there was no immediate need for Victory which remained in this condition for nearly three years. This additional seasoning in the frame helped her subsequent longevity.^[15][16][17] Work restarted in autumn 1763 and she was floated on 7 May 1765,^[18] having cost £63,176 and 3 shillings,^[19] the equivalent of £10.9 million today.^{[Note 1]}

On the day of the launch, shipwright Hartly Larkin, designated "foreman afloat" for the event, suddenly realised that the ship might not fit through the dock gates. Measurements at first light confirmed his fears: the gates were at least 9½ inches too narrow. He told his superior, master shipwright John Allin, who considered abandoning the launch. Larkin asked for the assistance of every available shipwright, and they hewed away enough wood from the gates with their adzes for the ship to pass safely through.^[20] However, the launch itself revealed significant problems in the ship's design, including a distinct list to starboard and a tendency to sit heavily in the water such that her lower deck gunports were only 4 ft 6 in (1.4 m) above the waterline. The first of these problems was rectified after launch by increasing the ship's ballast to settle her upright on the keel. The second problem, regarding the siting of the lower gunports, could not be rectified. Instead it was noted in Victory's sailing instructions that these gunports would have to remain closed and unusable in rough weather. This had potential to limit Victory's firepower, though in practice none of her subsequent actions would be fought in rough seas.^[21]

Because there was no immediate use for her, she was placed in ordinary and moored in the River Medway.^[22] Internal fitting out continued over the next four years, and sea trials were completed in 1769, after which she was returned to her Medway berth. She remained there until France joined the American War of Independence in 1778.^[23] Victory was now placed in active service as part of a general mobilisation against the French threat. This included arming her with a full complement of smoothbore, cast iron cannon. Her weaponry was intended to be thirty 42-pounders (19 kg) on her lower deck, twenty-eight 24-pounder long guns (11 kg) on her middle deck, and thirty 12-pounders (5 kg) on her upper deck, together with twelve 6-pounders on her quarterdeck and forecastle. In May 1778, the 42-pounders were replaced by 32-pounders (15 kg), but the 42-pounders were reinstated in April 1779; however, there were insufficient 42-pounders available and these were replaced with 32-pounder cannon once again.^[21]

Victory was commissioned (put on active duty) in March 1778 under Captain Sir John Lindsay. He held that position until May 1778, when Admiral Augustus Keppel made her his flagship, and appointed Rear Admiral John Campbell (1st Captain) and Captain Jonathan Faulknor (2nd Captain).^[19] Keppel put to sea from Spithead on 9 July 1778 with a force of around twenty-nine ships of the line and, on 23 July, sighted a French fleet of roughly equal force 100 miles (160 km) west of Ushant.^[24][25] The French admiral, Louis Guillouet, comte d'Orvilliers, who had orders to avoid battle, was cut off from Brest, but retained the weather gage. Manoeuvring was made difficult by changing winds and driving rain, but eventually a battle became inevitable, with the British more or less in column and the French in some confusion. However, the French managed to pass along the British line with their most advanced ships. At about a quarter to twelve, Victory opened fire on Bretagne of 110 guns, which was being followed by Ville de Paris of 90 guns.^[26] The British van escaped with little loss, but Sir Hugh Palliser's rear division suffered considerably. Keppel made the signal to follow the French, but Palliser did not conform, and the action was not resumed.^[26] Keppel was court martialed and cleared, and Palliser criticized by an inquiry before the affair turned into a political argument.^[26]

In March 1780, Victory's hull was sheathed with 3,923 sheets of copper below the waterline to protect it against shipworm.^[14] On 2 December 1781, the ship, now commanded by Captain Henry Cromwell and bearing the flag of Rear Admiral Richard Kempenfelt, sailed with eleven other ships of the line, a 50-gun fourth-rate, and five frigates,^[27] to intercept a French convoy that had sailed from Brest on 10 December. Not knowing that the convoy was protected by twenty-one ships of the line under the command of Luc Urbain de Bouexic, comte de Guichen, Kempenfelt ordered a chase when they were sighted on 12 December and began the battle.^[27] When he noted the French superiority, he contented himself with capturing fifteen sail of the convoy. The French were dispersed in a gale and forced to return home.^[27]

Victory's armament was slightly upgraded in 1782 with the replacement of all of her 6-pounders with 12-pounder cannon. Later, she also carried two carronade guns, firing 68-lb (31 kg) round shot.^[28]

In October 1782, Victory under Admiral Richard Howe was the fleet flagship of a powerful escort flotilla for a convoy of transports which resupplied Gibraltar in the event of a blockade by the French and Spanish navies. No resistance was encountered on entering the straits and the supplies were successfully unloaded. There was a minor engagement at the time of departure, in which Victory did not fire a shot. The British ships were under orders to return home and did so without major incident.^[29][30]

In July 1795. Victory sunk a French rowboat in this battle and suffered minimum damage.

In 1796, Captain Robert Calder (First Captain) and Captain George Grey (Second Captain), commanded Victory under Admiral Sir John Jervis's flag.^[19][31] By the end of 1796, the British position in the Mediterranean had become untenable. Jervis had stationed his fleet off Cape St Vincent to prevent the Spanish from sailing north, whilst Horatio Nelson was to oversee the evacuation of Elba.^[32][33] Once the evacuation had been accomplished, Nelson, in HMS Minerve, sailed for Gibraltar. On learning that the Spanish fleet had passed by some days previous, Nelson left to rendezvous with Jervis on 11 February.^[34] The Spanish fleet, which had been blown off course by easterly gales, was that night working its way to Cadiz.^[33] The darkness and a dense fog meant Nelson was able to pass through the enemy fleet without being spotted and join Jervis on 13 February.^[35] Jervis, whose fleet had been reinforced on 5 February by five ships from Britain under Rear-Admiral William Parker, now had 15 ships of the line.^[36] The following morning, having drawn up his fleet into two columns, Jervis impressed upon the officers on Victory's quarterdeck how, "A victory to England is very essential at the moment". Jervis was not aware of the size of the fleet he was facing, but at around 0630 hours, received word that five Spanish warships were to the south-east.^[31] By 0900 hours, the first enemy ships were visible from Victory's masthead, and at 1100 hours, Jervis gave the order to form line of battle.^[37] As the Spanish ships became visible to him, Calder reported the numbers to Jervis, but when he reached 27, Jervis replied, "Enough, Sir. No more of that. The die is cast and if there are 50 sail, I will go through them".^[38] The Spanish were caught by surprise, sailing in two divisions, with a gap that Jervis aimed to exploit.^[31] The ship's log records how Victory halted the Spanish division, raking ships both ahead and astern, while Jervis' private memoirs recall how Victory's broadside so terrified Principe de Asturias that she "squared her yards, ran clear out of the battle and did not return".^[39] Jervis, realising that the main bulk of the enemy fleet could now cross astern and reunite, ordered his ships to change course, but Sir Charles Thompson, leading the rear division, failed to comply. The following ships were now in a quandary over whether to obey the Admiral's signal or follow their divisional commander. Nelson, who had transferred to HMS Captain, was the first to break off and attack the main fleet as Jervis had wanted, and other ships soon followed his example.^[40][41] The British fleet not only achieved its main objective, that of preventing the Spanish from joining their French and Dutch allies in the channel, but also captured four ships.^[41] The dead and wounded from these four ships alone amounted to 261 and 342, respectively; more than the total number of British casualties of 73 dead and 327 wounded.^[42] There was one fatality aboard Victory; a cannonball narrowly missed Jervis and decapitated a nearby sailor.^[41]

On her return to England, Victory was examined for seaworthiness and found to have significant weaknesses in her stern timbers. She was declared unfit for active service and left anchored off Chatham Dockyard. In December 1798 she was ordered to be converted to a hospital ship to hold wounded French and Spanish prisoners of war.^[19][44]

However, on 8 October 1799, HMS Impregnable was lost off Chichester, having run aground on her way back to Portsmouth after escorting a convoy to Lisbon.^[44] She could not be refloated and so was stripped and dismantled. Now short of a three-decked ship of the line, the Admiralty decided to recondition Victory. Work started in 1800, but as it proceeded, an increasing number of defects were found and the repairs developed into a very extensive reconstruction.^[44] The original estimate was £23,500, but the final cost was £70,933.^[11] Extra gun ports were added, taking her from 100 guns to 104, and her magazine lined with copper. The open galleries along her stern were removed;^[43] her figurehead was replaced along with her masts and the paint scheme changed from red to the black and yellow seen today. Her gun ports were originally yellow to match the hull, but later repainted black, giving a pattern later called the "Nelson chequer", which was adopted by most Royal Navy ships in the decade following the Battle of Trafalgar.^[45][46] The work was completed in April 1803, and the ship left for Portsmouth the following month under her new captain, Samuel Sutton.^[19][47]

Vice-Admiral Nelson hoisted his flag in Victory on 18 May 1803, with Samuel Sutton as his flag captain.^[19] The Dispatches and Letters of Vice Admiral Lord Nelson (Volume 5, page 68) record that "Friday 20 May a.m. ... Nelson ... came on board. Saturday 21st (i.e.the afternoon of the 20th) Unmoored ship and weighed. Made sail out of Spithead ... when H.M. Ship Amphion joined, and proceeded to sea in company with us" – Victory's Log. Victory was under orders to meet up with Cornwallis off Brest, but after 24 hours of searching failed to find him. Nelson, anxious to reach the Mediterranean without delay, decided to transfer to Amphion off Ushant. The Dispatches and Letters (see above) record on page 71 "Tuesday 24 May (i.e. 23 May p.m.) Hove to at 7.40, Out Boats. The Admiral shifted his flag to the Amphion. At 7.50 Lord Nelson came on board the Amphion and hoisted his flag and made sail – Log."

On 28 May, Captain Sutton captured the French Ambuscade of 32 guns, bound for Rochefort.^[48] Victory rejoined Lord Nelson off Toulon, where on 31 July, Captain Sutton exchanged commands with the captain of Amphion, Thomas Masterman Hardy and Nelson raised his flag in Victory once more.^[49]

Victory was passing the island of Toro, near Majorca, on 4 April 1805, when HMS Phoebe brought the news that the French fleet under Pierre-Charles Villeneuve had escaped from Toulon. While Nelson made for Sicily to see if the French were heading for Egypt, Villeneuve was entering Cádiz to link up with the Spanish fleet.^[50] On 9 May, Nelson received news from HMS Orpheus that Villeneuve had left Cadiz a month earlier. The British fleet completed their stores in Lagos Bay, Portugal and, on 11 May, sailed westward with ten ships and three frigates in pursuit of the combined Franco-Spanish fleet of 17 ships.^[51] They arrived in the West Indies to find that the enemy was sailing back to Europe, where Napoleon Bonaparte was waiting for them with his invasion forces at Boulogne.^[52]

The Franco-Spanish fleet was involved in the indecisive Battle of Cape Finisterre in fog off Ferrol with Admiral Sir Robert Calder's squadron on 22 July, before taking refuge in Vigo and Ferrol.^[53] Calder on 14 August and Nelson on 15 August joined Admiral Cornwallis's Channel Fleet off Ushant.^[54] Nelson continued on to England in Victory, leaving his Mediterranean fleet with Cornwallis^[55] who detached twenty of his thirty-three ships of the line and sent them under Calder to find the combined fleet at Ferrol. On 19 August came the worrying news that the enemy had sailed from there, followed by relief when they arrived in Cádiz two days later. On the evening of Saturday, 28 September, Lord Nelson joined Lord Collingwood's fleet off Cádiz, quietly, so that his presence would not be known.^[56]

After learning he was to be removed from command, Villeneuve put to sea on the morning of 19 October and when the last ship had left port, around noon the following day, he set sail for the Mediterranean.^[57] The British frigates, which had been sent to keep track of the enemy fleet throughout the night, were spotted at around 1900 hours and the order was given to form line of battle.^[58] On the morning of 21 October, the main British fleet, which was out of sight and sailing parallel some 10 miles away, turned to intercept.^[59] Nelson had already made his plans: to break the enemy line some two or three ships ahead of their commander-in-chief in the centre and achieve victory before the van could come to their aid.^[60] At 0600 hours, Nelson ordered his fleet into two columns.

Fitful winds made it a slow business, and for more than six hours, the two columns of British ships slowly approached the French line before Royal Sovereign, leading the lee column, was able to open fire on Fougueux. Around 30 minutes later, Victory broke the line between the 80-gun French flagship Bucentaure and 74 gun Redoutable and fired her guns at such close range that the flames of the guns were singeing the windows of the French flagship before the shockwave and cannonballs arrived. Victory's port guns unleashed a devastating broadside, raking Bucentaure and blowing a hole in the ship described^{[by whom?]} as "large enough to drive a coach and four horses through." The maelstrom of cannonballs and grapeshot dismounted Bucentaure's guns and shredded her crew, killing and wounding somewhere between 300 and 450 men of the ship's 750- to 800-man complement in a matter of seconds, putting the French flagship out of action.^[61][62][63] At a quarter past one, Nelson was shot, the fatal musket ball entering his left shoulder and lodging in his spine.^[64] He died at half past four.^[65] Such killing had taken place on Victory's quarterdeck that Redoutable attempted to board her, but they were thwarted by the arrival of Eliab Harvey in the 98-gun HMS Temeraire, whose broadside devastated the French ship.^[66] Nelson's last order was for the fleet to anchor, but this was countermanded by Vice Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood.^[67] Victory suffered 57 killed and 102 wounded.^[68]

Victory had been badly damaged in the battle and was not able to move under her own sail, so HMS Neptune towed her to Gibraltar for repairs.^[69] Victory then carried Nelson's body to England, where, after lying in state at Greenwich, he was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral on 9 January 1806.^[70]

The Admiralty Board considered Victory too old, and in too great a disrepair, to be restored as a first-rate ship of the line. In November 1807, she was relegated to second-rate, with the removal of two 32-pounder cannon and replacement of her middle deck 24-pounders with 18-pounders obtained from other laid-up ships. She was recommissioned as a troopship between December 1810 and April 1811.^[71] In 1812, she was relocated to the mouth of Portsmouth Harbour off Gosport, for service as a floating depot and, from 1813 to 1817, as a prison ship.^[72][71]

Major repairs were undertaken in 1814, including the fitting of 3 ft 10 in (1.2 m) metal braces along the inside of her hull, to strengthen the timbers. This was the first use of iron in the vessel structure, other than small bolts and nails.^[73] Active service was resumed from February 1817 when she was relisted as a first-rate carrying 104 guns. However, her condition remained poor, and in January 1822, she was towed into dry dock at Portsmouth for repairs to her hull. Refloated in January 1824, she was designated as the Port admiral's flagship for Portsmouth Harbour, remaining in this role until April 1830.^[71]

In 1831 the Admiralty issued orders for Victory to be broken up and her timbers reused in other vessels.^[71] A public outcry against the destruction of so famous a ship led to the order being held in abeyance and Victory was left, largely forgotten, at a Portsmouth mooring.^[71] The Admiralty officially designated the ageing vessel as a tender for the port admiral's flagship, HMS Wellington, and permitted civilian visitors to come aboard for tours.^[74] The ship briefly returned to the public gaze on 18 July 1833 when the queen in waiting, Princess Victoria, and her mother, the Duchess of Kent, made a visit to her quarterdeck to meet veterans of the Trafalgar campaign.^[72] This generated a surge of interest in the vessel, and an increase in civilian visitor numbers to between 10,000 and 12,000 a year. Victoria returned for a second visit on 21 October 1844, creating a further burst of interest that lifted annual visitors to more than 22,000.^[74] In late April 1854, Victory sprang a leak and sank. All on board were rescued^[75] and the ship was subsequently raised.^[76] In 1887, she sprang a catastrophic leak, and it was only with some difficulty that she was prevented from sinking at her mooring.^[74] The Admiralty thereafter provided a small annual subsidy for maintenance, and in 1889 Victory became the home of a signal school in addition to being a tender.

The impact of so much human traffic also left her increasingly decrepit, particularly in the absence of Admiralty funding for repairs. Sir Edward Seymour visited the vessel in 1886 as flag captain to the Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth and recalled in 1911 "a more rotten ship than she had become probably never flew the pennant. I could literally run my walking stick through her sides in many places."^[77]

The school remained in Victory until 1904, when training was transferred temporarily to HMS Hercules.^[78]

Despite her reuse as a school, Victory continued to deteriorate at her mooring. In 1903 she was accidentally rammed by HMS Neptune, a successor to the vessel that had towed her to Gibraltar. Emergency repairs prevented her from sinking, but the Admiralty again proposed that she be scrapped, and it was only the personal intervention of Edward VII that prevented this from occurring.^[79] Interest in the ship revived in 1905 when, as part of the centenary celebrations of the Battle of Trafalgar, she was decorated with electric lights powered by a submarine moored alongside.^[79] In 1910, the Society for Nautical Research was created to try to preserve her for future generations, but the Admiralty was unable to help, having become embroiled in an escalating arms race; thus by the time Frank H. Mason published The Book of British Ships in 1911, Victory's condition was described as "nothing short of an insult".^[80][81] A few glimpses of the ship in 1918 are to be seen towards the end of Maurice Elvey's biopic of Nelson created in that year.^[82]

By 1921 the ship was in a very poor state, and a public Save the Victory campaign was started, with shipping magnate Sir James Caird as a major contributor.^[83] On 12 January 1922, her condition was so poor that she would no longer stay afloat, and had to be moved into No. 2 dock at Portsmouth, the oldest dry dock in the world still in use.^[84][83] A naval survey revealed that between a third and a half of her internal fittings required replacement. Her steering equipment had also been removed or destroyed, along with most of her furnishings.^[74]

The relocation to No. 2 dock sparked public discussion about Victory's future location. Suggestions in contemporary newspapers included the creation of a floating plinth atop which she could be preserved as a monument, either in Portsmouth or adjacent to the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. Others proposed a berth beside Cleopatra's Needle on the Thames, or a land-based structure in Trafalgar Square. Despite popular support, these options were not seriously entertained by the Admiralty. The naval architects who had surveyed the ship reported that she was too damaged to be moved; the Admiralty formally adopted their advice, and No. 2 dock thereafter became Victory's permanent home.^[74]

On 21 October 1922 the Admiral of the Fleet Sir Doveton Sturdee issued a further public plea for "many thousands of pounds" of public donations in The Times. He wrote: "The value of the Victory is no transitory thing. She must be preserved in order that our children's children may draw from her the same inspiration that we have drawn ourselves, and our fathers before us."^[85]

During the initial restoration period from 1922 to 1929, a considerable amount of structural repair work was carried out above the waterline and mainly above the middle deck. On 8 April 1925, Victory was temporarily refloated within Portsmouth's No. 2 dock, to adjust the supporting cradle and so that Victory's waterline would be at the same level with the top of the dry dock.^[86] This last refloating of Victory was recorded by Pathé news cameras.^[87][88] In 1928, King George V was able to unveil a tablet celebrating the completion of the work, although restoration and maintenance still continued under the supervision of the Society for Nautical Research.^[83] Restoration was suspended during the Second World War, and in 1941, Victory sustained further damage when a 500 lb. bomb^[89] dropped by the Luftwaffe broke her keel, as can be seen in Plate 1 in The Anatomy of Nelson's Ships by C. Nepean Longridge (1955), destroyed one of the steel cradles and part of the foremast. On one occasion, German radio propaganda claimed that the ship had been destroyed by a bomb, and the Admiralty had to issue a denial.^[90]

After the Second World War, the frames of HMS Victory had rotted in situ, and in the 1950s, a number of preventive measures were instigated, including the removal of bulkheads to increase airflow and the fumigating of the ship against the deathwatch beetle which when emerging cause hundreds of bore holes weakening the oak frames and timbers. The following decade saw the replacement of much of the decayed oak with oily hardwoods such as teak and iroko, which were believed to be more resistant to fungus and pests.^[91]

The decision to restore Victory to her Battle of Trafalgar configuration was taken in 1920, but the need to undertake these important repairs meant this was not achieved until 2005, in time for the Trafalgar 200 celebrations of which HMS Victory was centre stage for the event.^[92] Victory's fore topsail was severely damaged during the Battle of Trafalgar, perforated by upwards of 90 cannonballs and other projectiles. It was replaced after the battle, but was preserved and eventually displayed in the Royal Naval Museum.^[93]

In November 2007, Victory's then-commanding officer, Lieutenant Commander John Scivier, paid a visit to USS Constitution of the US Navy, which is the world's oldest commissioned naval vessel still afloat. He met Constitution's commanding officer, Commander William A. Bullard III.^[94]

In August 2011 the upper masts and rigging of HMS Victory were dismantled entirely across all three masts by a team of riggers and cranes; this allowed weight to reduce the pressure on the ship's hull to reduce the stress the upper masts placed upon the hull. This had not been the first time the masts had been worked on with each mast de-rigged throughout the 20th Century, but this was the first time they had been fully dismantled since the Second World War.

In December 2011, Defence Equipment and Support awarded an initial five-year project management contract to BAE Systems, with an option to extend to ten years. The restoration is worth £16 million over the life of the contract and will include work to the masts and rigging, replacement side planking, and the addition of fire control measures. It is expected to be the most extensive refit since the ship returned from Trafalgar.

Listed as part of the National Historic Fleet, Victory has been the flagship of the First Sea Lord since October 2012. Prior to this, she was the flagship of the Second Sea Lord.^[95][96] She is the oldest commissioned warship in the world and attracts around 350,000 visitors per year in her role as a museum ship.^[97] The current and 101st commanding officer is Lieutenant Commander Brian Smith, who assumed command in May 2015.^[98]

Since this contract was placed, the most significant change has been on 5 March 2012, when ownership of the ship was transferred from the Ministry of Defence to a dedicated HMS Victory Preservation Trust, established as part of the National Museum of the Royal Navy.^[99] According to the Royal Navy website, the move was "heralded by the announcement of a £25 million capital grant to support the new Trust by the Gosling Foundation – a donation which has been matched by a further £25 million from the MOD".^[100]

Victory underwent a major restoration in 2017, it was discovered that the hull had been moving at a rate of half a centimetre each year, for a total of around 20 cm since the 1970s. To combat this, a new prop system was installed over a period of three years from 2018 to 2021, which allows for precise readings of the stresses on the hull and a more even distribution of the stress, which will help preserve the ship.^[101][102] From this work a new walkway was installed under the hull of HMS Victory to enable visitors to explore under the hull of the ship and stern itself.

The lower mainmast of Victory was removed in 2021 for conservation which was the beginning of a major set of works to construct a large scaffold over the ship to allow for hull replanking over the next decade.^[103] The scaffold allows shipwrights access to the ship's hull to remove and replace the existing planking installed between the 1980s and 2000s. It also includes a visitor walkway on multiple levels to allow visitors to see the work being undertaken by the National Museum of the Royal Navy's shipwrights.^[104] The scaffold was erected by PHD Access who had worked on other historic landmarks such as Big Ben.^[105]

Over the two centuries since Victory's launch, numerous admirals have hoisted their flag in her:

List of Admirals
Admiral	From	Until
Admiral Augustus Keppel	16 May 1778	28 October 1778
Admiral Sir Charles Hardy	19 March 1779	14 May 1780
Admiral Francis Geary	24 May 1780	28 August 1780
Rear-Admiral Francis William Drake	26 September 1780	29 December 1780
Vice-Admiral Hyde Parker	20 March 1781	31 May 1781
Commodore John Elliott	June 1781	August 1781
Rear-Admiral Richard Kempenfelt	10 September 1781	11 March 1782
Admiral Lord Howe	20 April 1782	14 November 1782
Admiral Lord Howe	July 1790	August 1790
Vice-Admiral Lord Hood	August 1790	January 1791
Commodore Sir Hyde Parker	January 1791	September 1791
Rear-Admiral Sir Hyde Parker	6 February 1793	May 1793
Admiral Lord Hood	6 May 1793	15 December 1794
Rear-Admiral Robert Mann	8 July 1795	27 September 1795
Vice-Admiral Robert Linzee	October 1795	November 1795
Admiral Sir John Jervis	3 December 1795	30 March 1797
Vice-Admiral Lord Nelson	8 May 1803	21 October 1805
Vice-Admiral Sir James Saumarez	18 March 1808	9 December 1808
Vice-Admiral Sir James Saumarez	8 April 1809	December 1809
Vice-Admiral Sir James Saumarez	11 March 1810	3 December 1810
Rear-Admiral Sir Joseph Yorke	December 1810	March 1811
Vice-Admiral Sir James Saumarez	2 April 1811	25 December 1811
Vice-Admiral Sir James Saumarez	14 April 1812	15 October 1812
Admiral Sir George Martin	January 1824	April 1827
Rear-Admiral Sir Frederick Maitland	June 1832	July 1837
Rear-Admiral Duncombe Pleydell-Bouverie	July 1837	August 1842
Rear-Admiral Hyde Parker	August 1842	October 1847
Admiral Sir Charles Ogle	20 March 1848	19 December 1848
Admiral Sir Thomas Capel	20 December 1848	19 December 1851
Admiral Sir Thomas Briggs	20 December 1851	19 March 1853
Vice Admiral Sir Thomas Cochrane	20 March 1854	19 March 1856
Vice Admiral Sir George Seymour	20 March 1856	19 March 1859
Admiral Sir William Bowles	20 March 1859	19 March 1860
Vice Admiral Sir Henry Bruce	20 March 1860	19 December 1864
Vice Admiral Sir Michael Seymour	20 December 1864	19 March 1866
Vice Admiral Sir Thomas Pasley	20 March 1866	20 March 1869
Tender to HMS Duke of Wellington	20 December 1869	1 September 1891
Admiral The Earl of Clanwilliam	1 August 1891	17 September 1894
Admiral Sir Nowell Salmon VC	18 September 1894	31 August 1897
Admiral Sir Michael Culme-Seymour	1 September 1897	17 November 1900
Admiral Sir Charles Hotham	18 November 1900	30 September 1903
Admiral Sir John Fisher	1 October 1903	18 March 1904
The Port Admiral's flag moved to HMS Hercules and on 1 February 1905, to Firequeen
Admiral Sir Archibald Douglas	18 March 1905	1 March 1907
Admiral Sir Day Bosanquet	2 March 1907	17 March 1908
Admiral Sir Arthur Fanshawe	18 March 1908	30 April 1910
Admiral Sir Assheton Curzon-Howe	1 May 1910	17 March 1911
Admiral Sir Arthur Moore	18 March 1911	31 July 1912
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Hedworth Meux	1 August 1912	17 February 1916
Admiral The Hon Sir Stanley Colville	18 February 1916	17 April 1919
Admiral Sir Cecil Burney	18 April 1919	17 June 1920
Admiral Hon Sir Somerset Gough-Calthorpe	18 June 1920	31 May 1923
Admiral Sir Sydney Fremantle	1 June 1923	1 April 1926
Admiral Sir Osmond Brock	18 May 1926	30 April 1929
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Roger Keyes	1 May 1929	17 June 1931
Admiral Sir Arthur Waistell	18 June 1931	17 February 1934
Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Kelly	18 February 1931	31 August 1936
Admiral of the Fleet The Earl of Cork and Orrery	18 August 1937	30 June 1939
Admiral Sir William James	1 July 1939	30 September 1942
Admiral Sir Charles Little	1 October 1942	28 September 1945
Admiral Sir Geoffrey Layton	29 September 1945	29 June 1947
Admiral The Lord Fraser of North Cape	30 June 1947	18 April 1949
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Algernon Willis	19 April 1949	17 October 1950
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Arthur Power	18 October 1950	17 October 1952
Admiral Sir John Edelsten	18 October 1952	17 October 1954
Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Creasy	18 October 1954	17 July 1957
Admiral Sir Guy Grantham	18 July 1957	17 July 1959
Admiral Sir Manley Power	18 July 1959	17 January 1962
Admiral Sir Alexander Bingley	18 January 1962	17 January 1963
Admiral Sir Wilfrid Woods	18 January 1963	9 September 1965
Admiral Sir Varyl Begg	10 September 1965	9 June 1966
Admiral Sir Frank Hopkins	10 June 1966	30 October 1967
Admiral Sir John Frewen	31 October 1967	27 February 1970
Admiral Sir Horace Law	28 February 1970	28 February 1972
Admiral Sir Andrew Lewis	29 February 1972	29 June 1974
Admiral Sir Derek Empson	30 June 1974	30 October 1975
Admiral Sir Terence Lewin	31 October 1975	30 October 1976
Admiral Sir David Williams	31 October 1976	30 October 1978
Admiral Sir Richard Clayton	31 October 1978	30 June 1981
Admiral Sir James Eberle	1 July 1981	31 December 1983
Admiral Sir Desmond Cassidi	1 January 1983	30 October 1984
Admiral Sir Peter Stanford	31 October 1984	30 October 1987
Admiral Sir John "Sandy" Woodward	31 October 1987	30 October 1989
Admiral Sir Jeremy Black	31 October 1989	30 March 1991
Admiral Sir John Kerr	31 March 1991	30 March 1993
Admiral Sir Michael Layard	31 March 1993	30 March 1994
Admiral Sir Michael Boyce	31 March 1994	30 March 1997
Admiral Sir John Brigstocke	31 March 1997	18 January 2000
Vice Admiral Sir Peter Spencer	19 January 2000	28 January 2003
Vice-Admiral Sir James Burnell-Nugent	29 January 2003	25 October 2005
Vice-Admiral Sir Adrian Johns	25 October 2005	15 July 2008
Vice-Admiral Sir Alan Massey	15 July 2008	19 July 2010
Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Montgomery	19 July 2010	9 October 2012
Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope	9 October 2012	9 April 2013
Admiral Sir George Zambellas	9 April 2013	8 April 2016
Admiral Sir Philip Jones	8 April 2016	19 June 2019
Admiral Sir Tony Radakin	19 June 2019	8 November 2021
Admiral Sir Ben Key	8 November 2021	Present

• HMS Victory served as the inspiration for the fictional Royal Navy ship HMS Dauntless in the 2003 Disney film Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl.^[106]
• The ship was used as a basis for the ship of the line in the opening song "Look Down" in the 2012 film adaptation of Les Misérables, which was filmed in HMNB Portsmouth.
• For the film Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World the production team worked with curators to help accurately depict life on board a sailing navy era ship.
• Lloyds Bank filmed a section of their 2017 'By Your Side' advert alongside Victory with the famous black horse running by its port side, coincidentally Lloyds Bank was founded nearly a month after HMS Victory was launched in 1765.
• Victory's Great Cabin stood in for HMS Bellerophon in the 2023 biopic Napoleon, in a fictitious scene depicting a meeting between Napoleon and the Duke of Wellington when Bellerophon anchored off the UK.
• Victory and its ongoing restoration is often is labelled 'Trigger's Broom' after the character tells an anecdote in Only Fools and Horses which is loosely similar to the paradox Ship of Theseus. Whilst HMS Victory has had the majority of her structure replaced, it is not unusual for ships of her era to do so.
• In the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "Elementary, Dear Data", Lieutenant Geordi La Forge shows a model he made of HMS Victory, which he intends to present to the USS Victory, to Captain Jean-Luc Picard and Lieutenant Commander Data.

• Tenants Harbor Light in Maine, US, which contains a replica of Lord Nelson's cabin

• HMS Victory Official website
• HMS Victory
• Illustrated article about HMS Victory.