Building infrastructure for African human genomic data management
| Administrative divisions of China |
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History: before 1912, 1912–49, 1949–present Administrative division codes |
A league (Mongolian: 
(ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ) ayimaγ [æːmɑ̆ɡ̊] Aimag; historically, 
čiγulγan [t͡ʃʰʊːlɡ̊ɑ̆n] Qûûlgan; Chinese: 盟, pinyin: méng) is an administrative unit in Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
Leagues are the prefectures of Inner Mongolia. The name comes from a kind of ancient Mongolian administrative unit used during the Qing Dynasty in Mongolia. Mongolian Banners (county level regions) were organized into conventional assemblies at the league level. During the ROC era, the leagues had a status equivalent to provinces. Leagues contain banners, equivalent to counties.
After the establishment of the provincial level Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 1947, leagues of Inner Mongolia became equal to prefectures in other provinces and autonomous regions. The governments of the league, (Chinese: 行政公署; pinyin: xíngzhènggōngshǔ), is the administrative branch office dispatched by People's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The leader of the league's government, titled as league leader (Chinese: 盟长; pinyin: méngzhǎng), is appointed by People's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. So are deputy leaders of leagues. Instead of local level of People's Congress, league's working commissions of the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are detached and supervise the league's governments, but can not elect or dismiss league's government officials.[1] In such a way, the league's working committee of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region's committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference is instead of league's committee of CPPCC.
Just like prefectures, most leagues have been replaced by prefecture-level cities. There are only 3 leagues remaining in Inner Mongolia.
Leagues have existed since the Qing Dynasty as a level of government. The head of a league was chosen from jasagh or sula of the banners belonging to it. The original six leagues were Jirem, Ju Ud, Jost, Xilingol, Ulanqab, and Ih Ju. More were added in the subsequent centuries.
Today, leagues belong to the prefecture level of the Chinese administrative hierarchy. Of the 9 leagues that existed in the late 1970s, 6 have now been reorganized into prefecture-level cities.
Leagues
Present-day leagues
| Name | Mongolian | Transcription and IPA (Chakhar Mongolian) | Simplified Chinese |
Pinyin | Capital | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inner Mongolia | ||||||
| Bayannur | ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᠨᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ | Bayan Nûûr | 巴彦淖尔 | Bāyàn Nào'ěr | Linhe (Linhe District) |
Dissolution: 1 December 2003 Present day: Bayannur (prefecture-level city) |
| Hinggan | ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ | Hinggan [xɪŋɡ̊ɑ̆n] | 兴安 | Xīng'ān | Ulaanhot | |
| Jirem | ᠵᠢᠷᠢᠮ | Jirem | 哲里木 | Zhélǐmù | Bayisingtu (Horqin District) |
Dissolution: 13 January 1999 Present day: Tongliao (prefecture-level city) |
| Ju Ud | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ | Jûû Ûd | 昭乌达 | Zhāo Wūdá | Ulanhad (Hongshan District) |
Dissolution: 10 October 1983 Present day: Chifeng (prefecture-level city) |
| Jost | ᠵᠣᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | Jôstiin | 卓索图 | Zhuósuǒtú | Chaoyang | Dissolution: 10 October 1911 Present day: Fuxin, Chaoyang, and part of Chifeng (prefecture-level city) |
| Chahar | ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ | Qahar | 察哈尔 | Cháhā'ěr | Baochang | Dissolution: 1 October 1958 merged into Xilingol and Ulanqab |
| Ulanqab | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪ | Ulaanqab | 乌兰察布 | Wūlán Chábù | Jining (Jining District) |
Dissolution: 1 December 2003 Present day: Ulanqab (prefecture-level city), Baotou (1954), & Bayannur (1954) |
| Xilingol | ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠤᠯ | Xiliin Gôl | 锡林郭勒 | Xīlín Guōlè | Xilinhot | Present day: Xilingol and Hinggan (1954) |
| Ih Ju | ᠶᠡᠺᠡ ᠵᠣᠤ | Ih Jûû | 伊克昭 | Yīkè Zhāo | Dongsheng (Dongsheng District) |
Dissolution: 26 February 2001 Present day: Ordos (prefecture-level city) |
| Xitao Mongolia (present day western part of Inner Mongolia) | ||||||
| Alxa | ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠᠨ | Alxaa | 阿拉善 | Ālāshàn | Bayanhot | Until 1954 it was known as Alxa Öölüd and Ejin Torghuud |
| Heilongjiang (present day northern part of Inner Mongolia) | ||||||
| Hulunbuir (Hulunbuir-Nawenmuren) |
ᠬᠥᠯᠦᠨᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ | 呼伦贝尔 (呼伦贝尔纳文慕仁 / 呼纳) |
Hūlún Bèi'ěr (Hūlúnbèi'ěr Nàwénmùrén) |
Hailar (Hailar District) |
Dissolution: 10 October 2001 Present day: Hulunbuir (prefecture-level city) 1 April 1953 rename as Hulunbuir | |
| Nawenmuren | 纳文慕仁 | Nàwénmùrén | Zhalantun | Dissolution: 11 April 1949 merge into Hulunbuir-Nawenmuren | ||
Changes
| Year(s) | Leagues |
|---|---|
| 1636-1928 | Jirim, Juuuda, Josutu, Xilingol, Ulanqab, and Yekejuu |
| 1928-1938 | Jirim, Juuuda, Josutu, Xilingol, Chahar, Ulanqab, and Yekejuu |
| 1938-1945 (ROC) | Jirim, Yekejuu |
| 1938-1945 (Mengjiang) | Juuuda, Xilingol, Chahar, Ulanqab, Bayantala |
| 1945-1948 | Nawenmuren, Jirim, Juuuda, Josutu, Xilingol, Chahar, Ulanqab, and Yekejuu |
| 1948-1949 | Hulunbuir, Nawenmuren, Jirim, Juuuda, Josutu, Xilingol, Chahar, Ulanqab, and Yekejuu |
| 1949 | Hulunbuir, Nawenmuren, Jirim, Juuuda, Josutu, Xilingol, Chahar, Ulanqab, and Yekejuu |
| 1949-1953 | Hulunbuir-Nawenmuren, Hinggan, Jirim, Juuuda, Xilingol, Chahar |
| 1953 | Juuuda, Xilingol, Chahar |
| 1953-1956 | Hulunbuir, Jirim, Juuuda, Xilingol, Chahar, Ulanqab, Yekejuu |
| 1956-1958 | Hulunbuir, Jirim, Juuuda, Xilingol, Chahar, Ulanqab, Yekejuu, Bayannur |
| 1958-1969 | Hulunbuir, Jirim, Juuuda, Xilingol, Ulanqab, Yekejuu, Bayannur |
| 1969-1979 (Inner Mongolia) | Xilingol, Ulanqab, Yekejuu, Bayannur |
| 1969-1979 (Heilongjiang) | Hulunbuir |
| 1969-1979 (Jilin) | Jirim |
| 1979-1980 | Hulunbuir, Jirim, Juuuda, Xilingol, Ulanqab, Yekejuu, Bayannur, Alxa |
| 1980-1983 | Hulunbuir, Hinggan, Jirim, Juuuda, Xilingol, Ulanqab, Yekejuu, Bayannur, Alxa |
| 1983-1999 | Hulunbuir, Hinggan, Jirim, Xilingol, Ulanqab, Yekejuu, Bayannur, Alxa |
| 1999-2001 | Hulunbuir, Hinggan, Xilingol, Ulanqab, Yekejuu, Bayannur, Alxa |
| 2001-2003 | Hinggan, Xilingol, Ulanqab, Bayannur, Alxa |
| 2003-present | Hinggan, Xilingol, Alxa |
References
- ^ "The standing committee of the people’s congress of a province and autonomous region may set up administrative offices in the prefectures under its jurisdiction. " from Item 2, Article 53, Organic Law of the Local People’s Congresses and Local People’s Governments of the People’s Republic of China (2004 Revision)
See also
