A proposed method of sample preparation and homogenization of hemp for the molecular analysis of cannabinoids

Steven Wright
Born	Steven Gerald James Wright (1958-04-24) 24 April 1958 (age 66) Erpingham, Norfolk, England
Other names	Suffolk Strangler
Conviction(s)	5 counts of murder
Criminal penalty	Life imprisonment (whole life order)
Details
Victims	5+
Span of crimes	30 October – 9 December 2006
Country	England
Date apprehended	19 December 2006
Imprisoned at	HM Prison Long Lartin

Steven Gerald James Wright (born 24 April 1958)^[1] is an English serial killer, also known as the Suffolk Strangler. He is currently serving life imprisonment for the murder of five women who worked in Ipswich, Suffolk. The killings took place during the final months of 2006 and Wright was found guilty in February 2008 and given a whole life order.

Steve Wright was born in the Norfolk village of Erpingham,^[1] the second of four children of military policeman Conrad and veterinary nurse^[2] Patricia,^[3] on 24 April 1958. He has an older brother and two younger sisters. While Wright's father was on military service, the family had lived in both Malta and Singapore.^[2][4] Wright's mother left the family in 1964 when he was aged 6;^[3] his father divorced his mother in 1978;^[1] both remarried. Wright and his siblings lived with their father, who fathered a son and a daughter with his second wife, Valerie.^[2]

Wright left school at the age of 16 in 1974 with no qualifications, and soon afterwards joined the Merchant Navy, becoming a chef on ferries sailing from Felixstowe, Suffolk.^{[citation needed]} In 1978, at age 20, he married Angela O'Donovan in Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire, Wales. They had a son, Michael. The couple separated in 1987, and later divorced.^[5] Wright became a steward on the ocean liner Queen Elizabeth 2, a lorry driver, a barman and, just prior to his arrest, a forklift truck driver. Former prostitute Lindi St Clair said that Wright attacked her in the 1980s.^[6] His second marriage was to Diane Cassell at Braintree, Essex, register office in August 1987.^[2] They divorced in July 1988 while he was a pub landlord in Norwich.^[2]

It was during this time that Wright also managed a pub in South London.^[2] He lost this post due to his gambling and heavy drinking. Wright was convicted in 2001 of theft, having stolen £80 to pay off his debts.^[2] This was his only criminal conviction prior to the murders.^[7] Wright accrued large gambling debts,^[4] and was declared bankrupt in the late 1990s.^[2] He had twice tried to commit suicide, first by carbon monoxide poisoning in his car in 1994; secondly in 2000, by an overdose of pills.^[2]

Wright met Pamela Wright (no relation) in 2001 in Felixstowe, and they moved to a house in Ipswich together in 2004.^[2] Wright had always admitted that he hired prostitutes and had done so since he was in the Merchant Navy^[4] and continually throughout his life.^[2] In Ipswich, he conceded that he went to certain massage and sauna establishments that were actually brothels.^[2] During his trial, Wright stated he had gone to prostitutes on many occasions, including three of the murder victims. Wright began having sex with prostitutes again when his partner began working night shifts and their sex life became almost non-existent; he paid at least a dozen women for sex in the final three months of 2006.^[4]

Between 30 October and 10 December 2006, Wright murdered five women in Ipswich. Forensic evidence led to his arrest on 19 December: tiny flecks of blood were found on the back seats of Wright's Ford Mondeo and partially matched the DNA profile of murder victim Paula Clennell.^[8]

Wright was found guilty of all five murders on 21 February 2008. At Ipswich Crown Court the following day, Mr Justice Gross sentenced Wright to life imprisonment with a recommendation that he should never be released.^[9] On 19 March 2008, Wright appealed his convictions,^[10] but on 2 February 2009, it was announced that Wright had decided to drop the appeal.^[11]

On 3 June 2024, Wright was charged with the murder of 17 year old school girl Victoria Hall in 1999, after police opened a cold case review.^[12][13][14]

Wright is still being investigated in connection with other unsolved murders and disappearances. Experts have highlighted how it is unlikely for any serial killer to start killing at such a late stage and that serial killers almost always start killing before their mid 30s; Wright was 48 years old when the 2006 murders were committed.^[15] This indicates that Wright likely killed before in his life, and psychologists told police after the murders that it was 'highly likely' that he had done so.^[15][16]

Wright is one of a number of high-profile murderers or sex offenders to have been identified as possible suspects in the Suzy Lamplugh murder case; he had worked with Lamplugh on Queen Elizabeth 2 during the early 1980s. Lamplugh went missing in London in July 1986, and was legally declared dead in 1994, but her body has never been found.^[17] However, the Metropolitan Police have stated that this is not a strong line of enquiry.^[18] In 2002, the police named John Cannan as the man they believed killed Lamplugh.^[19]

Cleveland Police have not ruled out a link between Wright and the murder of Vicky Glass, a factory worker in Teesside, who vanished from Middlesbrough in September 2000, and whose naked body was later found in a brook on the North York Moors.^[20]

In 2019, Wright was linked by an ex-police officer to the murder of Jeanette Kempton in 1989.^[21] Kempton had vanished from Brixton, near where Wright lived at the time, and was later found dead many miles away in a rural location in Suffolk.^[21]

In July 2021 Wright was arrested, at HM Prison Long Lartin, on suspicion of murdering Victoria Hall, a 17-year-old who was murdered on her way home from a Suffolk nightclub in 1999. Her body was found in a ditch five days after she was last seen alive in Felixstowe. Suffolk police reopened their investigation in 2019 after receiving fresh witness information. They announced that Wright had been “released under investigation, pending further inquiries”.^[22][23] Only two months after this police announced a re-investigation by a historical crimes unit into Vicky Glass's murder in order to pursue "new lines of enquiry".^[24] On 7 December 2023, he was rearrested in connection with the murder of Victoria Hall,^[25] and on 22 May 2024 was charged with her murder, as well as the attempted kidnapping of another woman.^[26]

Wright has also been linked to the murders of other sex workers in Ipswich and in Norwich in Norfolk. When investigating the five murders committed by Wright in Ipswich in late 2006, criminologist David Wilson, who was involved in the case, stated that he felt that the murders were far too practised for someone murdering for the first time.^[27] There was a cluster of sex worker murders in Norwich in the years before the 2006 murders, which remain unsolved.^[27] Wright used to live and work in the city, and frequently returned to the city in the years after he left, usually travelling from Ipswich to Norwich once a month.^[27][28] He ran a pub in the middle of the red light district of Norwich, similar to how he lived in the centre of the red light district of Ipswich at the time of the 2006 murders.^[27]

Wright has been linked to the unsolved murders of:

• Natalie Pearman, Norwich, November 1992^[29] (a link was disproven with DNA by 2017)^[30]
• Amanda Duncan, Ipswich, July 1993^[31][15]
• Kellie Pratt, Norwich, June 2000^[32][15]
• Michelle Bettles, Norwich, March 2002^[27] (a link was disproven with DNA by 2022)^[33]

In June 2012, Wilson said that the killer of Norwich sex worker Michelle Bettles was likely Wright.^[27] The police responded to the suggested links between Bettles's case and Wright by saying that they had found no evidence linking Wright to the crime.^[34] It was revealed in 2019 that police had already made an arrest in April 2003 of a man whose DNA matched samples from Bettles' body, and this man admitted having picked her up for sex on 26 March 2002, two days before she was last seen.^[35] The man claimed that he was at home with a migraine on the night she was killed, but phone records show him making a large number of calls that evening although police failed to locate from where the calls were made.^[35] On 28 March 2022, police announced they had recovered further DNA profiles in Bettles' murder case, indicating Wright can be ruled out of the murder with forensic evidence.^[33]

Wright had previously also been linked by criminal experts to the unsolved murder of Norwich sex worker Natalie Pearman in November 1992.^[29] Pearman was last seen at night soliciting clients outside the Ferry Boat Inn pub, the pub that was owned and run by Wright and that was located in the heart of the city's red light district.^[29] The police cross-referenced the DNA found on Pearman's body in 1992 to Wright's, but the results were "inconclusive".^[29] However, in 2017, police announced that they had a full DNA profile of the attacker and that solving the case was simply a matter of matching the DNA to an individual, meaning that Wright could be ruled out of the murder.^[36]

Ipswich sex worker Amanda Duncan vanished after talking to a man in a car on Portman Road in the town in 1993, a road on which Wright was known to acquire his prostitutes,^[37] and from where some of his victims were known to have disappeared in 2006.^[38][39][40]

After Wright's murders in 2006, the police re-opened and re-examined these four cold cases to establish whether Wright could be responsible, and questioned Wright about them.^[41][42] Family members of the victims stated they believed he could be linked and called for the police to investigate this further and charge him for them.^[41][16][15]

• List of serial killers in the United Kingdom
• List of serial killers by number of victims
• Alun Kyte (Midlands Ripper)
• David Smith – fellow British prostitute killer
• Lorraine Thorpe – Britain's youngest female double killer, murdered two people in Ipswich in 2009

• Ipswich serial killer Steve Wright, ITV Local