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1077 (MLXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1077th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 77th year of the 2nd millennium, the 77th year of the 11th century, and the 8th year of the 1070s decade. As of the start of 1077, the Gregorian calendar was 6 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was the dominant calendar of the time.

• The Almoravids complete the conquest of the Ghana Empire, and reach Spain.

• The Seljuk Turks capture Nicaea and Jerusalem.
• Suleyman I of Rûm becomes the leader of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm in modern Turkey.
• Anush Tigin Gharchai becomes, as a Seljuk vassal, leader of the Khwarezmid Empire.

• January 26 – Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, visits Pope Gregory VII as a penitent, asking him remove sentence of excommunication.
• January 28 – Walk to Canossa: The excommunication of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor is lifted.
• April 3
  • The first Parliament of Friuli is created.
  • Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor granted the county of Friuli, with ducal status, to Sigaerd, Patriarch of Aquileia.
• Robert Curthose starts his first insurrection against his father, William the Conqueror, in Normandy.
• The kingdom of Duklja is founded.
• The first recorded Trial by combat is held in England.
• Vsevolod of Kiev becomes the prince of Kievan Rus'.
• Alfonso VI of Castile conquers Coria.^[1]
• Pope Gregory VII places the island of Corsica under the secular rule of the archbishop of Pisa.^[2]
• Hugh of Burgundy supports the king of Aragon in his conquest of the castle of Muñones from the emir of Zaragossa.^[3]

• The Bayeux Tapestry is made.

• The first English Cluniac Benedictine priory is established, at Lewes.
• Paul of Caen becomes Abbot of St Albans in England; the building of St Albans Abbey Church commences.
• Pope Christodolos of Alexandria ends his reign as Coptic Pope.
• Dionysius V Lazaros becomes Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.

• December 26 – Baldwin the Monk, Norman priest (died 1184)
• date unknown
  • King Alexander I of Scotland, Scottish royal (died 1124)
  • Joseph ibn Migash, rabbi (died 1141)
  • Lady Sybil Corbet, French mistress to King Henry I of England (died 1157)

• April 25 – Geza I of Hungary
• Agnes de Poitou, wife of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor and regent (b. 1020)
• King Anawrahta of Burma (b. 1044)
• Abolfazl Beyhaghi, Persian historian and writer (b. 995)
• Shao Yong, Chinese philosopher, cosmologist, poet and historian (b. 1011)
• Zhang Zai, Chinese Neo-Confucian moral philosopher and cosmologist (b. 1020)