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Thulium,  ₆₉Tm

عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈθjuːliəm/ or /ˈθuːliəm/ THEW-lee-əm or THOO-lee-əm
Appearance	silvery gray
Thulium په دوراني جدول کې
– ↑ Tm ↓ Md erbium ← thulium → ytterbium ‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	69
گروپ, پیریود	group n/a, period 6
بلاک	f-block
Element category	lanthanide
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val[۱]
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	1818 K ​(1545 °C, ​2813 °F)
يشنا ټکی	2223 K ​(1950 °C, ​3542 °F)
Density near r.t.	9.32 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	8.56 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	16.84 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	191 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27.03 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1117 1235 1381 1570 (1821) (2217)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	2, 3 ​(a basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.25
Ionization energies	1st: 596.7 kJ/mol 2nd: 1160 kJ/mol 3rd: 2285 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 176 pm
Covalent radius	190±10 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Thermal expansion	poly: 13.3 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	16.9 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	poly: 676 nΩ·m (at r.t.)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic (at 300 K)
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+25,500·10−6 cm3/mol (291 K)[۲]
Young's modulus	74.0 GPa
Shear modulus	30.5 GPa
Bulk modulus	44.5 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.213
Vickers hardness	470–650 MPa
Brinell hardness	470–900 MPa
CAS Number	7440-30-4
History
Naming	after Thule, a mythical region in Scandinavia
Discovery and first isolation	Per Teodor Cleve (1879)
Main isotopes of thulium
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 167Tm syn 9.25 d ε 167Er 168Tm syn 93.1 d ε 168Er 169Tm 100% stable 170Tm syn 128.6 d β− 170Yb 171Tm syn 1.92 y β− 171Yb
| references | in Wikidata

توليوم (په انگرېزي: Thulium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Tm سمبول او ۶۹ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

1. ↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
2. ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.