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Hawan jini (HTN ko HT), wanda kuma aka sani da cutar hawan jini (HBP), yanayin likita ne na dogon lokaci wanda hawan jini a cikin arteries ke ci gaba da karuwa.[1] Hawan jini yawanci baya haifar da alamu.[2] Hawan jini na dogon lokaci, duk da haka, babban haɗari ne ga cututtukan jijiyoyin jini, bugun jini, gazawar zuciya, fibrillation, cututtukan jijiya na gefe, hasarar hangen nesa, cututtukan koda na yau da kullun, da hauka.[3][4][5][6]
An kuma rarraba hawan jini a matsayin hauhawar jini na farko (mahimmanci) ko hauhawar jini na biyu.[7] Kusan kashi 90-95% na shari'o'in sune na farko, wanda aka ayyana a matsayin hawan jini saboda rashin takamaiman salon rayuwa da abubuwan halitta.[7][8] Abubuwan salon rayuwa waɗanda ke ƙara haɗarin sun haɗa da gishiri ko kuma Kanwa mai yawa a cikin abinci, yawan nauyin jiki, shan taba, da amfani da kuma barasa.[2][7] Sauran 5-10% na lokuta an kasafta su azaman hawan jini na biyu, wanda aka ayyana a matsayin hawan jini saboda wani dalili da za a iya gane shi, kamar ciwon koda na kullum, kunkuntar jijiyoyin koda, cutar endocrine, ko amfani da kwayoyin hana haihuwa.[7]
Ana bayyana hawan jini ta ma'aunai biyu, matsi na systolic da diastolic, wanda shine matsakaicin matsakaici da mafi ƙarancin matsi, bi da bi.[2] Ga yawancin manya, hawan jini na al'ada a hutawa yana tsakanin kewayon 100-130 millimeters mercury (mmHg) systolic da 60-80 mmHg diastolic.[9][10] Ga mafi yawan manya, hawan jini yana samuwa idan hawan jinin da ke hutawa ya ci gaba a ko sama da 130/80 ko 140/90 mmHg.[7][9] Lambobi daban-daban sun shafi yara.[11] Kula da hawan jini na gaggawa a cikin awanni 24 ya bayyana mafi daidai fiye da ma'aunin hawan jini na tushen ofis.[7][12]
Canje-canjen salon rayuwa da magunguna na iya rage hawan jini da rage haɗarin matsalolin lafiya.[13] Canje-canjen salon rayuwa sun haɗa da asarar nauyi, motsa jiki na jiki, rage cin gishiri, rage shan barasa, da abinci mai kyau.[7] Idan canje-canjen salon rayuwa bai wadatar ba to ana amfani da magungunan hawan jini.[13] Har zuwa magunguna uku na iya sarrafa hawan jini a cikin kashi 90% na mutane.[7] Maganin hawan jini mai matsakaicin matsakaici (wanda aka kwatanta da> 160/100 mmHg) tare da magunguna yana da alaƙa da ingantacciyar rayuwa.[14] Tasirin maganin hawan jini tsakanin 130/80 mmHg da 160/100 mmHg bai fito fili ba, tare da wasu bita na samun fa'ida wasu[9][15][16] kuma suna samun fa'ida mara tabbas.[17][18][19] Hawan jini yana shafar tsakanin kashi 16 zuwa 37% na al'ummar duniya.[7] A cikin 2010 an yi imanin cewa hauhawar jini ya kasance sanadin kashi 18% na duk mace-mace (miliyan 9.4 a duniya).[20]
↑Lackland DT, Weber MA (May 2015). "Global burden of cardiovascular disease and stroke: hypertension at the core". The Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 31 (5): 569–71. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2015.01.009. PMID25795106.
↑Hernandorena I, Duron E, Vidal JS, Hanon O (July 2017). "Treatment options and considerations for hypertensive patients to prevent dementia". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy (Review). 18 (10): 989–1000. doi:10.1080/14656566.2017.1333599. PMID28532183.
↑Campbell NR, Lackland DT, Lisheng L, Niebylski ML, Nilsson PM, Zhang XH (March 2015). "Using the Global Burden of Disease study to assist development of nation-specific fact sheets to promote prevention and control of hypertension and reduction in dietary salt: a resource from the World Hypertension League". Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 17 (3): 165–7. doi:10.1111/jch.12479. PMID25644474.