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In cryptography, Woo–Lam refers to various computer network authentication protocols designed by Simon S. Lam and Thomas Woo.[1][2] The protocols enable two communicating parties to authenticate each other's identity and to exchange session keys, and involve the use of a trusted key distribution center (KDC) to negotiate between the parties. Both symmetric-key and public-key variants have been described. However, the protocols suffer from various security flaws, and in part have been described as being inefficient compared to alternative authentication protocols.[3]
The following notation is used to describe the algorithm:
It is assumed that all parties know the KDC's public key.
The original version of the protocol[4] had the identifier omitted from lines 5 and 6, which did not account for the fact that is unique only among nonces generated by A and not by other parties. The protocol was revised after the authors themselves spotted a flaw in the algorithm.[1][3]
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![{\displaystyle 2)KDC\rightarrow A:S_{KR_{KDC}}[ID_{B}||KU_{B}]}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/44970c95ca608a0302b1d46cbe96c307dfdb5534)
![{\displaystyle 3)A\rightarrow B:E_{KU_{B}}[N_{A}||ID_{A}]}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b9e750389981d4c5cb1a230ff18f46fd508b8c97)
![{\displaystyle 4)B\rightarrow KDC:ID_{B}||ID_{A}||E_{KU_{KDC}}[N_{A}]}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/97e40d3c8e1f3d83ff25dd1703905294508b34b3)
![{\displaystyle 5)KDC\rightarrow B:S_{KR_{KDC}}[ID_{A}||KU_{A}]||E_{KU_{B}}[S_{KR_{KDC}}[N_{A}||K||ID_{B}||ID_{A}]]}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/595bbde2096b916ea6d37af5ee62d6deeb9cc7d5)
![{\displaystyle 6)B\rightarrow A:E_{KU_{A}}[S_{KR_{KDC}}[N_{A}||K]||N_{B}]}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bce4a5da0c03b5d93572f556bb8134bdad45a4dd)
![{\displaystyle 7)A\rightarrow B:E_{K}[N_{B}]}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4b4ecec46639b4ea6b6b6d75d98ed6c991c590ef)
