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Kao
Native toIndonesia
RegionNorth Maluku
EthnicityKao
Native speakers
1,250 (2014)[1]
West Papuan?
  • North Halmahera
    • Northern North Halmahera
      • Mainland North Halmahera
        • Kao River
          • Paguic
            • Kao
Language codes
ISO 639-3
kax – Kao
Glottologkaoo1238
ELP

Kao is an endangered non-Austronesian language. This language is spoken in North Halmahera Regency, North Maluku.

North Maluku

The last survey in 2008 conducted by the Research Team from the Faculty of Letters and Culture Khairun University states that Kao language is only used by family over 40 years of age. In traditional, social, and daily events, or religious ceremonies, the Kao language is no longer used.[2]

History and spread

The Kao language is spoken by the Kao people. The opening of cultural influences brought by immigrants gave birth to acculturation and inculturation in accordance with values that are considered noble by society.

Currently, the Kao language is being displaced by Ternate Malay. However, a preservation effort is still carried out by performing arts. For example, the Gala Kao which is carried out by playing Kao-language rhymes. Even though it is no longer used in daily life, the people of Kao still recognize that this language is their native language.

The current distribution of the Kao language is in the interior of North Halmahera, the mouth of the Kao River, and the Kao capital area (Kao District).[3]

Language speakers

Judging from the speakers, it is believed that the older the speakers of a language, the more fluent they are.[2]

  1. 60 years and older: very fluent and they understand complex old words.
  2. 50–59 years: fluent, but they do not understand complex vocabulary.
  3. 40–49 years: not fluent, but they understand and communicate in Kao quite fluently.

References

  1. ^ Kao at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ a b Retnowati, Endang (2016). Identitas Bahasa dan Kebudayaan Etnik Minoritas Kao (PDF). Jakarta: LIPI Press. p. 252. ISBN 978-979-799-778-6.
  3. ^ Lewis, M., Paul (2009). Ethnologue: Languages of The World (Edisi Keenam). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.

Further reading

  • Retnowati, Endang. (2016). Identitas Bahasa dan Kebudayaan Etnik Minoritas Kao. Jakarta: LIPI Press.
  • Lewis, M., Paul. (2009). Ethnologue: Languages of The World (Edisi Keenam). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kao_language