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阳水鼠年 (male Water-Rat) 1439 or 1058 or 286 — to — 阴水牛年 (female Water-Ox) 1440 or 1059 or 287
Events
January – March
January 8 – King Robert the Bruce of Scotland recaptures Perth Castle from the English, then orders the walls and the building to be destroyed in order to prevent it from ever being used by the English again as a garrison.
February 7 – (12th waxing of Tabaung, 674 ME) In what is now the Mandalay Region of central Myanmar in Asia, Burmese King Thihathu proclaims the Pinya Kingdom, to separate the area from the Myinsaing Kingdom.[1] Thihathu appoints his son, Kyawswa I of Pinya, to replace him as the Viceroy of Pinle in Myinsaing.
April 22 – On the first Sunday after Easter, the French ship Ste Marie is shipwrecked on England's Isle of Wight at Chale Bay. Residents nearby loot the ship of its cargo, casks of wine belonging to Regimus de Depe of Aquitaine.[2] As an act of penance, the Lord of Chale, Walder de Godeton, builds the St Catherine's Oratory.
May 5 – Seventeen years after his death in prison in Ferentino, the later Pope Celestine V is canonized as a Roman Catholic saint.[3]
May 17 – Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland, leads an invasion of the Isle of Man, landing at Ramsey with a multitude of ships and captures it within five days. The only resistance is presented by the lord of Castle Rushen, and King Robert concentrates his efforts on a siege of the castle starting on May 22.
June 21 – In Germany, peace is made between Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria, and his younger brother, Louis the Bavarian, with Rudolf having control of the Electoral Palatinate, in return for supporting the election of Louis as the next Holy Roman Emperor.
June 24 – From the English garrison at Stirling Castle in Scottish territory, Sir Philip Mowbray proposes a truce with Edward Bruce, brother of King Robert the Bruce of Scotland, after a siege of "many months".[8] Edward Bruce agrees to what Scottish historian Patrick Fraser Tytler will describe five centuries later as "a truce involving conditions which ought on no account to have been accepted." As Tytler notes, the effect "was to check the ardour of the Scots in that career of success, which was now rapidly leading to the complete deliverance of their country; it gave the King of England a whole year to assemble the strength of his dominions... We need not wonder, then, that Bruce was highly incensed, on hearing that, without consulting him, his brother had agreed to Mowbray's proposals."[9][10]
August 8 – Emperor Henry VII begins a campaign against King Robert of Naples ("Robert the Wise"). Henry's allies are loath to join him and his 15,000-man army, supported by 4,000 knights, while the imperial fleet is prepared to attack King Robert's realm directly.
August 24 – A week after contracting malaria during the siege of the Neapolitan city of Siena, the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII dies of malaria at Buonconvento. His 17-year-old son, John of Bohemia, will succeed him and will become one of the seven prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire.[12] Upon learning of the Henry's death, Louis, Duke of Bavaria goes to war against his cousin, Frederick the Fair, Duke of Austria and Styria, as both compete to be elected the new Emperor, a competition which will eventually be resolved in favour of Louis.
September 23 – The English Parliament is called into session for the fourth time in less than 12 months, after three unsuccessful attempts to assemble members. King Edward II persuades the session to pass a tax bill for revenues to be collected by the following June in order to finance a new campaign against Scotland.
October – December
October 21 – Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland delivers an ultimatum at a meeting of the Scottish nobles at an assembly in Dundee, giving Scots who have not yet come into his peace agreement a year to swear fealty to him or lose all their estates.[13][14] The Scottish nobles of Lothian appeal to Edward II for protection, who promises to bring an English expeditionary force by midsummer in 1314.[15]
December 26 – Three days after receiving authorization from the English Parliament for a feudal levy, King Edward II issues a summons for eight earls and 87 barons to muster their troops at Berwick-upon-Tweed by June 10 for an invasion of Scotland.[18]
By place
Asia
Tran Anh Tong, emperor of Annam (Northern Vietnam), occupies Champa (Southern Vietnam) and establishes the Cham royal dynasty as puppet rulers.[19]
By topic
Literature
Wang Zhen, Chinese agronomist, government official and inventor of wooden-based movable type printing, publishes the Nong Shu ("Book of Agriculture").[20]
^"Blessed Mary", Historic England Research Records, HeritageGateway.org
^Ronald C. Finucane, Contested Canonizations: The Last Medieval Saints, 1482–1523 (Catholic University of America Press, 2011) p.19
^Kishori Saran Lal, History of the Khaljis (1290–1320) (The Indian Press, 1950) p.214
^E. B. Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology (Cambridge University Press, 1996) p. 233
^Michael Brown, Bannockburn: The Scottish Wars and the British Isles, 1307–1323 (Edinburgh University Press, 2008) p.46
^Fleck, Cathleen A. (2016). The Clement Bible at the Medieval Courts of Naples and Avignon, p. 129. Routledge.
^Stewart Dick, The Pageant of the Forth (A. C. McClurg & Company, 1911) p.107
^Patrick Fraser Tytler, History of Scotland (William Tait, 1845) p. 270
^Fawcett, Richard (1995). Stirling Castle, p. 23. B. T. Batsford/Historic Scotland. ISBN 0-7134-7623-0.
^"The Morea, 1311–1364", by Peter Topping, in A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, ed. by Kenneth M. Setton and Harry W. Hazard (University of Wisconsin Press, 1975) pp.104–140.
^Jones, Michael (2000). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume VI: c. 1300–1415, p. 536. Cambridge University Press.
^Regesta Regum Scottorum: The Acts of Robert I, King of Scots, 1306-1329, ed. by Archibald A. M. Duncan (Edinburgh University Press, 1988) p.113
^John Barbour, The Bruce (Canongate Books, 2010) p.376
^Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey: Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory, p. 35. ISBN 1-85532-609-4
^Rogers, Clifford J. (2010). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology, Volume 1, p. 190. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195334036.
^Joseph F. Callaghan (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait, p. 137. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-2302-6.
^Michael Penman, Robert the Bruce: King of the Scots (Yale University Press, 2014) p.137
^Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 156. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
^Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 6, Part 2, p. 59. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
^Tomašević, Nebojša (1983). Treasures of Yugoslavia: An Encyclopedic Touring Guide, p. 449. Yugoslaviapublic.
^Boase, T. S. R. (1978). The Cilician Kingdom of Armenia. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press. ISBN 0-7073-0145-9.
^The Life of Dante, translated by Vincenzo Zin Bollettino (1990). New York: Garland. ISBN 1-84391-006-3.
^Knysh, Alexander (2000). Ibn al-Khatib: The Literature of Al-Andalus, pp. 358–372. ISBN 978-0-521-47159-6.
