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{{Short description|Rail vehicle used to destroy railroad ties, making tracks unusable}} |
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{{Expand Russian|Путевой разрушитель|date=July 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}} |
{{About|equipment used to destroy railroads|equipment used to remove snow from railroads|Rotary snowplow}}{{Expand Russian|Путевой разрушитель|date=July 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}} |
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[[File:railroad plough.jpg|thumb|270px|Railroad plough from [[Military Museum (Belgrade)|Military |
[[File:railroad plough.jpg|thumb|270px|Railroad plough from the [[Military Museum (Belgrade)|Military Museum in Belgrade]]. The hook can be raised for transportation or lowered for track destruction.]] |
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A '''railroad plough''' |
A '''railroad plough''' is a [[railroad car|rail vehicle]] which supports an immensely strong, hook-shaped [[plough]]. It is used for destruction of [[railroad ties]] in warfare, as part of a [[scorched earth]] policy, so that the track becomes unusable for the enemy. |
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In use, the plough is lowered to rip up the middle of the track as it is hauled along by a [[locomotive]]. This action breaks the wooden ties which forces the steel rails out of alignment, making the line impassable by later rail vehicles.<ref name=dob>{{cite book |last=Atkinson |first=Rick | |
In use, the plough is lowered to rip up the middle of the track as it is hauled along by a [[locomotive]]. This action breaks the wooden ties (sleepers) which forces the steel rails out of alignment, making the line impassable by later rail vehicles.<ref name=dob>{{cite book |last =Atkinson |first =Rick |author-link =Rick Atkinson |title =The Day of Battle: The War in Sicily and Italy, 1943–1944 |publisher =Henry Holt and Company |series =Liberation Trilogy |volume =Two |date =2007 |location =New York |page =[https://archive.org/details/dayofbattlewarin00atki/page/235 235] |isbn =978-0-8050-6289-2 |url-access =registration |url =https://archive.org/details/dayofbattlewarin00atki/page/235 }}</ref> Bridges and signalling equipment also suffer serious damage. |
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==Deployment== |
==Deployment== |
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[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-279-0901-31, Russland, Einsatz des "Schienenwolf".jpg|thumb|right|German railroad plough in action, Belarus (1944)]] |
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-279-0901-31, Russland, Einsatz des "Schienenwolf".jpg|thumb|right|German railroad plough in action, Belarus (1944)]] |
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[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-308-0799S-08, Italien, Itri, Schienenwolf zerstört Gleise.jpg|thumb|right|German railroad plough in Italy (1944)]] |
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-308-0799S-08, Italien, Itri, Schienenwolf zerstört Gleise.jpg|thumb|right|German railroad plough in Italy (1944)]] |
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A similar device, which ripped the rail off the ties, had been used by railway troops of the [[Imperial Russian Army]] in World War I, during their [[Great Retreat (Russian)|retreat]] from [[Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive|Galicia]] and [[Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes|Poland]]. Railroad ploughs were in use by the [[Czechoslovak Army]] during the [[German occupation of Czechoslovakia|German occupation]] in 1938,<ref>[http://jetrichovicko.euweb.cz/bunkryen.htm ''Pre-war fortification of Czechoslovakia in Czech Switzerland''] (entry for 24 September 1938) (Retrieved: 15 November 2007)</ref> and by German [[Wehrmacht]] armed forces retreating northward through Italy<ref name=dob/> and westward from the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] in World War II. |
A similar device, which ripped the rail off the ties, had been used by railway troops of the [[Imperial Russian Army]] in World War I, during their [[Great Retreat (Russian)|retreat]] from [[Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive|Galicia]] and [[Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes|Poland]]. Railroad ploughs were in use by the [[Czechoslovak Army]] during the [[German occupation of Czechoslovakia|German occupation]] in 1938,<ref>[http://jetrichovicko.euweb.cz/bunkryen.htm ''Pre-war fortification of Czechoslovakia in Czech Switzerland''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307120733/http://jetrichovicko.euweb.cz/bunkryen.htm |date=7 March 2021 }} (entry for 24 September 1938) (Retrieved: 15 November 2007)</ref> and by German ''[[Wehrmacht]]'' armed forces retreating northward through Italy<ref name=dob/> and westward from the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] in World War II. |
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The German author [[Arno Schmidt]] (1914–1979) in his post-war novel ''Leviathan'' uses the image of a railroad plough as a symbol of evil.{{cn|date=November 2021}} |
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== Surviving vehicles == |
== Surviving vehicles == |
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||[[Historical Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]||[[Image:Zeleznicki plug.JPG|frameless]]||A plough is displayed in front of the museum. |
||[[Historical Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]||[[Image:Zeleznicki plug.JPG|frameless]]||A plough is displayed in front of the museum. |
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||Victory Park on the [[Poklonnaya Hill]]|| ||A replica of a German railroad plough is on display.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://moscowparks.narod.ru/victpark/techexh-gerrrtec.htm|title = НЕМЕЦКИЙ ПУТЕРАЗРУШИТЕЛЬ «КРЮК» (ГЕРМАНИЯ).|date = 2012-07-26| |
||Victory Park on the [[Poklonnaya Hill]]|| ||A replica of a German railroad plough is on display.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://moscowparks.narod.ru/victpark/techexh-gerrrtec.htm|title = НЕМЕЦКИЙ ПУТЕРАЗРУШИТЕЛЬ «КРЮК» (ГЕРМАНИЯ).|date = 2012-07-26|access-date = 2014-06-19}}</ref> |
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||Unknown||[[Image:Beverley Museum of Army Transport geograph-3283334-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg|frameless]]||A captured German [[World War II]] example was kept at the [[Longmoor Military Railway]]. This |
||Unknown||[[Image:Beverley Museum of Army Transport geograph-3283334-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg|frameless]]||A captured German [[World War II]] example was kept at the [[Longmoor Military Railway]]. This might have since been transferred to the care of the UK's [[National Army Museum]].<!--but online research has failed to ascertain what happened to it.--> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Sherman's neckties]] – A railway destruction tactic used in the American Civil War by the Union to prevent the Confederacy from using the tracks by making them difficult to repair. |
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* [[Sherman's neckties]] |
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* [[Nero Decree]] – Hitler's unfulfilled plan to destroy German infrastructure, during retreat, to avoid it being used by the Allied forces |
* [[Nero Decree]] – Hitler's unfulfilled plan to destroy German infrastructure, during retreat, to avoid it being used by the Allied forces |
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[[Category:Area denial weapons]] |
[[Category:Area denial weapons]] |
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[[Category:Ploughs]] |
[[Category:Ploughs]] |
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[[Category:Railway weapons]] |
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A railroad plough is a rail vehicle which supports an immensely strong, hook-shaped plough. It is used for destruction of railroad ties in warfare, as part of a scorched earth policy, so that the track becomes unusable for the enemy.
In use, the plough is lowered to rip up the middle of the track as it is hauled along by a locomotive. This action breaks the wooden ties (sleepers) which forces the steel rails out of alignment, making the line impassable by later rail vehicles.[1] Bridges and signalling equipment also suffer serious damage.
A similar device, which ripped the rail off the ties, had been used by railway troops of the Imperial Russian Army in World War I, during their retreat from Galicia and Poland. Railroad ploughs were in use by the Czechoslovak Army during the German occupation in 1938,[2] and by German Wehrmacht armed forces retreating northward through Italy[1] and westward from the Eastern Front in World War II.
The German author Arno Schmidt (1914–1979) in his post-war novel Leviathan uses the image of a railroad plough as a symbol of evil.[citation needed]
| Location | Image | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Belgrade Military Museum | |
A plough is on its permanent outer exhibition. |
| Historical Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina |  |
A plough is displayed in front of the museum. |
| Victory Park on the Poklonnaya Hill | A replica of a German railroad plough is on display.[3] | |
| Unknown |  |
A captured German World War II example was kept at the Longmoor Military Railway. This might have since been transferred to the care of the UK's National Army Museum. |
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